Status and associated factors of the knowledge and health education needs about sexual abuse of middle school students in rural areas
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摘要:
目的 探讨不同性别初中生对儿童性侵犯认知和健康教育需求现状并分析其相关因素，为针对性的预防性侵犯教育提供依据。 方法 于2023年6—7月，方便抽取陕西省陕南地区2所中学的1 256名初中生作为研究对象，采用自行编制的一般资料问卷、儿童性侵犯认知问卷及健康教育需求问卷进行问卷调查，组间比较采用t检验、方差分析、χ2检验。采用多重线性回归分析探讨性侵犯认知得分的相关因素，采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨初中生接受预防性侵犯教育意愿的相关因素。 结果 农村地区初中生性侵犯认知的得分率为(80.97±12.09)%，条目回答正确率为46.7%~97.2%，男生对性侵犯认知得分率[(78.98±12.23)%]低于女生[(83.17±11.55)%]，差异有统计学意义(t=-6.23，P < 0.01)。影响初中生对性侵犯认知的相关因素包括性别(β=0.16)、母亲职业(β=0.07)和预防性侵犯教育经历(β=0.10)(P值均 < 0.05)。92.7%的初中生愿意接受预防性侵犯教育。女生(OR=1.72，95%CI=1.06~2.77)和有预防性侵犯教育经历的学生(OR=6.98，95%CI=4.44~10.96)更愿意接受预防性侵犯教育(P值均 < 0.05)。71.8%的初中生选择父母作为预防性侵犯教育者，43.4%的学生选择现场指导作为教育的首选方式。 结论 农村初中生接受预防性侵犯教育的意愿较强，性侵犯认知和接受预防性侵犯教育的意愿与性别和既往教育经历有关。 Abstract:Objective To explore the status and associated factors of the knowledge and health education needs about child sexual abuse of middle school students by sex, so as to provide a basis for targeted safety education of preventing child sexual abuse. Methods From June to July 2023, 1 256 junior high school students from 2 middle schools in southern area of Shaanxi Province were selected by a convenience sampling method. A self-designed general information questionnaire, Children's Sexual Assault Cognition Questionnaire, and Health Education Needs Questionnaire were used for questionnaire survey. Group comparisons were conducted using t-tests, analysis of variance, and Chi-square tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors related to cognitive scores of sexual assault, and binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors related to the willingness of middle school students to receive sexual assault safety education. Results The correct response rate of the participants for knowledge of sexual assault cognition (CSA) was (80.97±12.09)%. For each item, the correct response rate ranged 46.7%-97.2%. The correct rate (78.98±12.23)% of male students' knowledge of CSA was lower than female students (83.17±11.55)% statistically (t=-6.23, P < 0.01). The factors influencing the participants' knowledge of CSA included gender (β=0.16), mother's occupation (β=0.07) and experience of CSA safety education (β=0.10) (P < 0.05). Most students (92.7%) were willing to receive CSA education. Girls (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.06-2.77) and students who previously received CSA education (OR=6.98, 95%CI=4.44-10.96) had more willingness to receive CSA education (P < 0.05). A total of 71.8% of middle school students preferred their parents as educators, while 43.4% of students chose on-site instruction as the preferred method of CSA education. Conclusions Middle school students have a strong willingness to accept CSA safety education. Knowledge of CSA and willingness to receive CSA safety education are related to gender and previous educational experience. -
Key words:
- Sex /
- Violence /
- Cognition /
- Health education /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Rural population
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表 1 不同人口学特征初中生性侵犯认知得分率比较(x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of correct rate of knowledge on sexual abuse of middle school students with different demographic characteristics (x±s)
组别 选项 人数 得分率/% t/F值 P值 性别 男 659 78.98±12.23 -6.23 < 0.01 女 597 83.17±11.55 年级 初一 613 80.65±12.48 -0.91 0.36 初二 643 81.28±11.71 自评家庭经济状况 很好 9 74.81±12.81 0.97 0.42 较好 177 80.19±11.79 一般 933 81.23±12.25 较差 122 80.44±11.33 很差 15 82.22±12.09 父亲学历 大专、本科及以上 53 81.38±12.15 0.59 0.62 高中、中专 233 80.29±12.64 初中 708 81.33±11.74 小学及以下 262 80.53±12.55 父亲职业 务农 613 80.87±11.78 -0.29 0.77 外出工作 643 81.07±12.39 母亲学历 大专、本科及以上 62 81.29±14.27 0.82 0.48 高中、中专 188 81.49±11.93 初中 659 80.47±12.11 小学及以下 347 81.59±11.73 母亲职业 务农 902 80.48±12.31 -2.30 0.02 外出工作 354 82.22±11.45 留守儿童 是 598 81.28±12.13 0.94 0.35 否 658 80.64±12.05 接受过性侵犯安全教育 是 1 037 81.64±11.86 4.29 < 0.01 否 219 77.81±12.68 
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表 2 初中生性侵犯认知得分率的相关因素多重线性回归分析(n=1 256)
Table 2. Multiple linear regression analysis of factors associated with correct rate of knowledge on sexual abuse of middle school students(n=1 256)
常量与自变量 非标准化系数 标准误 标准化系数 t值 P值 F值 P值 常量 70.18 1.55 45.25 < 0.01 19.40 < 0.01 性别 3.94 0.68 0.16 5.82 < 0.01 接受过性侵犯安全教育 3.09 0.89 0.10 3.48 < 0.01 母亲职业 1.90 0.74 0.07 2.55 0.01
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表 3 性侵犯认知正确率不同性别初中生间比较
Table 3. Comparison of correct rates on sexual abuse of middle school students by gender
条目 内容 男生(n=659) 女生(n=597) 合计(n=1 256) χ2值 P值 1 女生的身体隐私部位 449(68.1) 399(66.8) 848(67.5) 0.24 0.62 2 男生的身体隐私部位 348(52.8) 238(39.9) 586(46.7) 21.08 ＜0.01 3 陌生人、熟人、亲戚碰触自己的隐私部位，都是不好的行为 627(95.1) 583(97.7) 1 210(96.3) 5.60 0.02 4 如果隐私部位受伤了，在父母的陪同下，医生或护士可以检查隐私部位的伤口 592(89.8) 546(91.5) 1 138(90.6) 0.97 0.32 5 如果取得好成绩，熟人给你一个拥抱表示祝贺，这是善意的碰触 614(93.2) 562(94.1) 1 176(93.6) 0.49 0.48 6 如果有人在你面前裸露隐私部位，这是不好的行为 626(95.0) 582(97.5) 1 208(96.2) 5.31 0.02 7 学校的老师不会伤害自己 280(42.5) 324(54.3) 604(48.1) 17.42 < 0.01 8 女孩不用担心其他女性碰触自己的隐私部位 590(89.5) 566(94.8) 1 156(92.0) 11.91 < 0.01 9 男孩不用担心任何人碰触他们的隐私部位 625(94.8) 568(95.1) 1 193(95.0) 0.06 0.81 10 家里的亲戚不会伤害自己 441(66.9) 448(75.0) 889(70.8) 9.99 < 0.01 11 年龄大的长辈或邻居可能会伤害自己 392(59.5) 446(74.7) 838(66.7) 32.69 < 0.01 12 别人要碰触你，只要你不喜欢，就可以拒绝并走开 527(80.0) 524(87.8) 1 051(83.7) 13.96 < 0.01 13 如果有人让你看裸露隐私部位的图片或录像，应该拒绝并告诉父母等信任的人 474(71.9) 504(84.4) 978(77.9) 28.38 < 0.01 14 如果有人用你不喜欢的方式触碰你，你应该告诉你信任的人，比如父母等 592(89.8) 567(95.0) 1 159(92.3) 11.62 < 0.01 15 如果有人触摸你的隐私部位，应该拒绝 630(95.6) 591(99.0) 1 221(97.2) 13.33 < 0.01 注： ()内数字为正确率/%。
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