学龄前儿童身体活动水平与家长运动观念行为的关联

张梦楠; 王晓娟; 成童; 许梦雪; 任霞; 江媛媛; 张雪娇; 杨琳; 张霆; 朱宗涵; 关宏岩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024211

学龄前儿童身体活动水平与家长运动观念行为的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024211

张梦楠¹,
王晓娟²,
成童¹,
许梦雪¹,
任霞³,
江媛媛⁴,
张雪娇⁵,
杨琳⁶,
张霆^{7, 8},
朱宗涵⁸,
关宏岩^{1, 7, ,}

1.
首都儿科研究所婴幼儿照护服务研究指导中心/儿童保健中心，北京 100020
2.
北京市丰台区妇幼保健院儿童保健科
3.
北京市石景山区妇幼保健院儿童保健科
4.
北京市东城区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心
5.
沈阳市妇幼保健院儿童保健科
6.
西安交通大学第二附属医院儿科
7.
首都儿科研究所儿童发育营养组学北京市重点实验室
8.
中国妇幼健康研究会儿童早期发展专委会

基金项目:

北京市属医学科研院所公益发展改革试点项目京医研2021-3

北京市高层次公共卫生技术人才建设专项经费资助学科带头人-01-17

详细信息

作者简介:
张梦楠(1996-)，女，山西省人，硕士，主要研究方向为学龄前儿童身体活动

通讯作者:
关宏岩，E-mail：hongyanguan@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G78
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-27
- 修回日期: 2024-03-31
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-25

Association between preschoolers' physical activity levels and parental sports concept and behavior

1.
Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center/Children's Health Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing (100020), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究家长运动观念及行为对学龄前儿童身体活动的影响，为儿童家庭运动健康指导提供参考依据。方法 2020年11—12月，采用整群方便抽样方法在北京、沈阳和西安各选择1所幼儿园共283名儿童进行调查。受试儿童连续1周配戴ActiGraph GT9X加速度计，收集儿童不同强度的身体活动时间；使用学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷调查家长运动观念及行为。身体活动水平、身体活动达标率的性别差异分析采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、χ²检验；家长运动观念及行为与学龄前儿童身体活动之间的关系采用Spearman等级相关分析和多元线性回归分析。结果家长运动观念与儿童的平均每日中高强度身体活动(MVPA)、总身体活动(TPA)呈正相关(r=0.12~0.16)；家长运动行为与儿童的平均每日TPA呈正相关(r=0.25)(P值均＜0.05)；多元线性回归分析显示，家长运动观念与男、女童平均每日MVPA和TPA均呈正性相关(B=0.65~0.83)，而家长运动行为仅与男童平均每日MVPA、TPA呈正性相关(B=0.24~0.25)(P值均＜0.05)。结论家长运动观念及行为可影响学龄前儿童身体活动水平，并呈现性别差异。今后家庭养育的运动指导，需考虑家长运动观念及行为因素，并注意儿童性别的影响。
- 运动活动 /
- 法定监护人 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To analyze the impact of parental sports concept and behavior on physical activity in preschool children, so as to provide a foundation for future guidance on fostering children's physical activity within the family context. Methods From November to December 2020, a clustered convenience sampling method was employed to conduct surveys, and a total of 283 children were selectal from one kindergarten each in Beijing, Shenyang, and Xi'an. Participating children wore ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers continuously for one week to collect data on different intensity levels of physical activity. Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler (P-PAQ) was utilized to assess parental sports concept and behavior. The gender differences in physical activity level and physical activity compliance rate were analyzed by using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test; and the relationship between parental exercise concepts and behaviors and physical activity of preschool children was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results Parental sports concept was significantly positively correlated with average daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity (TPA) in children (r=0.12-0.16, P < 0.05). Parental sports behavior was significantly positively correlated with children's average daily TPA (r=0.25, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression revealed that parental sports concept was positively correlated with average daily MVPA and TPA in both boys and girls (B=0.65-0.83), while parental sports behavior only was positively correlated with boys' average daily MVPA and TPA (B=0.24-0.25)(P < 0.05). Conclusions Parental sports concept and behavior can impact physical activity levels in preschool children, exhibiting gender differences. Future guidance on physical activity in family upbringing should consider both parental sports concept and behavior, and pay attention to the influence of children's gender.
- Motor activity /
- Legal guardians /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Growth and development /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同性别年龄儿童身体活动水平比较(x±s，min/d)

Table 1. Comparison of differences in physical activity levels by sex and age(x±s, min/d)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	SB	L-LPA	H-LPA	MVPA	TPA
性别	男	139		528.40±134.43	149.86(81.71，189.45)^*	65.73(40.44，87.58)^*	66.15(41.57，87.00)^*	130.63±57.03
	女	144		567.82±123.28	111.60(66.40，178.76)^*	52.55(32.32，76.57)^*	51.63(35.69，70.33)^*	111.88±53.00
			t/Z值	2.63	-1.78	-2.46	-3.30	2.85
			P值	0.01	0.08	0.01	< 0.01	0.01
年龄/岁	3	62		606.57±138.65	105.92±60.40	49.41±29.63	47.94±27.19	97.35±55.08
	4	103		563.05±126.14	121.37±60.54	56.99±28.61	56.71±28.31	114.26±53.65
	≥5	118		504.42±113.90	152.58±56.77	69.87±27.31	68.79±28.64	139.86±51.92
			F值	14.79	14.73	11.90	12.10	14.20
			P值	＜0.01	0.02	< 0.01	0.05	0.02
总体		283		548.39±130.17	130.88±61.81	60.65±29.39	59.83±29.30	121.12±55.72
注： *表示M(P₂₅，P₇₅)。

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表 2 不同性别年龄儿童身体活动达标率比较

Table 2. Comparison of the compliance rates of physical activity in children of different genders and ages

组别	选项	人数	统计值	MVPA达标	TPA达标	MVPA和TPA达标
性别	男	139		81(58.27)	26(18.84)	25(18.71)
	女	144		51(35.42)	14(9.86)	13(9.72)
			χ²值	14.85	4.61	4.70
			P值	＜0.01	0.03	0.03
年龄/岁	3	62		20(32.26)	4(6.45)	4(6.45)
	4	103		42(40.78)	12(11.76)	12(11.65)
	≥5	118		70(59.32)	24(20.34)	24(20.34)
			χ²值	8.59	7.52	7.28
			P值	0.02	0.02	0.03
总体		283		132(46.64)	41(14.28)	40(14.13)
注： ()内数字为达标率/%。

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表 3 家长运动观念及行为与学龄前儿童身体活动相关性分析(r值，n=283)

Table 3. The correlation analysis between parental sports concept, behaviors and physical activity in preschoolers(r, n=283)

变量	家长运动观念	家长运动行为	SB	L-LPA	H-LPA	MVPA
家长运动行为	0.23^*
SB	0.08	-0.06
L-LPA	-0.05	-0.09	-0.62^**
H-LPA	-0.10	0.10	-0.63^**	0.54^**
MVPA	0.12^*	0.12	-0.50^**	0.33^**	0.63^**
TPA	0.16^*	0.25^*	-0.70^**	0.45^**	0.56^**	0.75^**
注： P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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表 4 家长运动观念及行为和学龄前儿童MVPA与TPA时间的多元线性回归分析

Table 4. Multiple linear regression analysis of the parental sports concept and behavior on preschool children's MVPA and TPA time

模型	自变量	MVPA					TPA
模型	自变量	B值	b值	t值	P值	调整后R²值	B值	b值	t值	P值	调整后R²值
总体(n=283)	家长运动观念	2.87	0.76	9.44	＜0.01	0.79	5.69	0.75	9.67	＜0.01	0.81
	家长运动行为	0.81	0.14	1.81	0.07		1.80	0.16	2.08	0.04
男生(n=139)	家长运动观念	3.37	0.83	7.86	＜0.01	0.82	6.48	0.81	7.78	＜0.01	0.83
	家长运动行为	1.26	0.25	2.07	0.04		2.54	0.24	2.13	0.04
女生(n=144)	家长运动观念	2.29	0.65	5.43	＜0.01	0.78	4.73	0.66	5.76	＜0.01	0.80
	家长运动行为	0.46	0.08	0.73	0.47		1.29	0.11	1.04	0.30
注：总体对儿童性别、年龄、父母亲学历进行了调整；男生和女生对儿童年龄、父母亲学历进行了调整。

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