北京市2019—2022年中学生高度近视及屈光度变化

王路; 赵海; 孙冰洁; 夏志伟; 张京舒; 郭欣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024210

北京市2019—2022年中学生高度近视及屈光度变化

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024210

北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所，100013

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2021YFC2702100

详细信息

作者简介:
王路(1987-)，女，山东临沂人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事学生近视防控方面工作

通讯作者:
郭欣，E-mail：gguoxin2000@126.com

利益冲突 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R778.1⁺¹ R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-27
- 修回日期: 2024-04-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-25

Analysis of high myopia and dioptre changes among middle school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2022

Department of School Health, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing (100013), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2019—2022年北京市中学生高度近视及屈光度变化，为研究制定相应的预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，于2019—2022年在北京市16个区分别抽取83，83，84，84所中学，每年9—10月对初一至高三学生进行非睫状肌麻痹的电脑验光检查，最终分别纳入21 589，21 161，21 561，21 123名中学生检查结果进行分析。采用χ²检验和χ²趋势检验比较不同组别高度近视率差异，采用年度百分比变化率(APC)评价其变化趋势。结果 2019—2022年女生高度近视率均高于男生(15.60%，14.59%；15.33%，14.44%；14.65%，14.17%；14.63%，13.84%)，其中2019年男女生高度近视率差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.93，P < 0.05)；城区中学生高度近视率均高于郊区(16.45%，13.78%；16.81%，13.00%；15.84%，13.06%；15.85%，12.72%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为30.18，60.43，33.92，42.23，P值均＜0.05)；随着年级增长学生高度近视率呈增长趋势(χ_趋势²值分别为674.56，608.38，655.21，676.89，P值均 < 0.05)，初三升高一学生高度近视率增长幅度最大。2019—2022年北京市中学生高度近视率从15.09%下降至14.22%，以年均2.08%的速度下降(APC=-2.08，t=-7.99，P＜0.05)。高度近视中学生屈光度2019和2022年分别为-7.44(-10.25，-6.00)和-7.38(-10.00，-6.00)D，差异无统计学意义(H=4.30，P>0.05)。结论北京市中学生高度近视率有下降趋势，但仍处于较高水平。需进一步分级分类防控策略、细化规范化防控措施，控制近视的早发、高发、重度化。
- 近视 /
- 屈光, 眼 /
- 患病率 /
- 年度变化百分比 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze high myopia and dioptre changes in middle school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2022, so as to provide a basis for formulating preventive and control measures. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling, 16 districts of Beijing were divided into four groups, each of which was respectively composed of 83, 83, 84, and 84 middle schools, in order to examine non-cycloplegic auto-refraction among the senior grades 1 to 3 students from September to October in each year (from 2019 to 2022). Finally, the dataset results of each of the four groups (21 589, 21 161, 21 561, 21 123) were compared by the Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test. Trend changes were evaluated by annual percentage change (APC). Results The rates of high myopia were higher in female students than in males from 2019 to 2022 (15.60%, 14.59%; 15.33%, 14.44%; 14.65%, 14.17%; 14.63%, 13.84%), and the difference in 2019 was statistically significant (χ²=4.93, P < 0.05). The rates of high myopia in middle school students in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(16.45%, 13.78%; 16.81%, 13.00%; 15.84%, 13.06%; 15.85%, 12.72%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=30.18, 60.43, 33.92, 42.23, P < 0.05). With the increase of grade, the rates of high myopia increased (χ_trend²=674.56, 608.38, 655.21, 676.89, P < 0.05), with junior grade 3 students being the most robust. The rate of high myopia in middle school students from 2019 to 2022 decreased from 15.09 to 14.22%, with an average annual rate of 2.08% (APC=-2.08, t=-7.99, P < 0.05). The refractive error of high myopia middle school students in 2019 and 2022 were -7.44(-10.25, -6.00) and -7.38(-10.00, -6.00)D, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (H=4.30, P>0.05). Conclusions The rate of high myopia in middle school students in Beijing shows a decreasing trend, but it remains at a high level. It is necessary to classify the prevention and control strategy, and standardize the measures in order to manage early onset, high incidence rates, and severe myopia.
- Myopia /
- Refraction, ocular /
- Prevalence /
- Annual percent of change /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别中学生2019—2022年高度近视检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rates of high myopia among middle school students from 2019 to 2022 in different groups

组别	选项	统计值	2019年		2020年		2021年		2022年
组别	选项	统计值	人数	高度近视人数	人数	高度近视人数	人数	高度近视人数	人数	高度近视人数
性别	男		10 872	1 586(14.59)	10 696	1 544(14.44)	11 119	1 576(14.17)	11 030	1 527(13.84)
	女		10 717	1 672(15.60)	10 465	1 604(15.33)	10 442	1 530(14.65)	10 093	1 477(14.63)
		χ²值		4.93		3.23		0.96		2.70
		P值		0.04		0.07		0.33		0.10
地区	城区		10 606	1 745(16.45)	10 418	1 751(16.81)	10 433	1 653(15.84)	10 127	1 605(15.85)
	郊区		10 983	1 513(13.78)	10 743	1 397(13.00)	11 128	1 453(13.06)	10 996	1 399(12.72)
		χ²值		30.18		60.43		33.92		42.23
		P值		＜0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01
年级	初一		4 114	255(6.20)	3 964	247(6.23)	3 941	244(6.19)	3 775	209(5.54)
	初二		3 963	433(10.93)	3 871	365(9.43)	3 926	362(9.22)	3 838	357(9.30)
	初三		3 941	525(13.32)	3 861	564(14.61)	3 853	490(12.72)	3 839	471(12.27)
	高一		3 195	570(17.84)	3 237	592(18.29)	3 368	574(17.04)	3 222	546(16.95)
	高二		3 146	664(21.11)	3 139	666(21.22)	3 290	684(20.79)	3 240	660(20.37)
	高三		3 230	811(25.11)	3 089	714(23.11)	3 183	752(23.63)	3 209	761(23.71)
		χ²值		677.80		619.84		657.37		678.65
		P值		＜0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01
合计			21 589	3 258(15.09)	21 161	3 148(14.88)	21 561	3 106(14.41)	21 123	3 004(14.22)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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