新疆哈萨克族中小学生筛查性近视现况

李小龙; 李宁; 阿依努·努拉厚; 杨磊; 朱马汗·托克达尔汗; 王雁; 王菁菁; 赵勇

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024197

新疆哈萨克族中小学生筛查性近视现况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024197

李小龙^{1, 2},
李宁^{1, 2},
阿依努·努拉厚^{1, 2},
杨磊^{1, 2},
朱马汗·托克达尔汗^{1, 2},
王雁^{1, 2},
王菁菁³,
赵勇^{1, 2, ,}

1.
新疆医科大学附属中医医院眼科，乌鲁木齐 830000
2.
新疆维吾尔自治区中医药研究院
3.
上海市眼病防治中心/上海市视觉健康中心

基金项目:

新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目 2022D01C551

新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项项目 PT1905

详细信息

作者简介:
李小龙(1993-)，男，新疆伊宁人，硕士，主治医师，主要从事眼视光疾病方面工作

通讯作者:
赵勇，E-mail：13999972362@163.com

利益冲突 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R778.1⁺¹ R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-18
- 修回日期: 2024-04-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-25

Analysis of the prevalence of screening myopia among Kazakh nationality primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang

LI Xiaolong^{1, 2},
LI Ning^{1, 2},
AINU Nurahou^{1, 2},
YANG Lei^{1, 2},
JUMAHAN Tokdarhan^{1, 2},
WANG Yan^{1, 2},
WANG Jingjing³,
ZHAO Yong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (830000), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解新疆哈萨克族学生的近视现况，为学生近视防控提供数据支持。方法于2022年3—5月采取分层整群随机抽样方法选取新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐、昌吉、塔城三地区81所学校的18 218名一至十二年级的哈萨克族中小学生进行眼部检查，采用χ²检验比较不同年级、性别、地区、城乡及学段学生近视检出率差异。结果哈萨克族中小学生有4 660名筛查性近视，检出率为25.6%，其中轻度近视占79.5%，中度占17.3%，高度占3.2%。女生筛查性近视检出率高于男生(30.4%，20.9%)(χ²=217.17，P < 0.01)，且不同性别间近视程度构成差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.46，P < 0.05)。乌鲁木齐市学生筛查性近视检出率高于塔城地区及昌吉回族自治州学生(37.3%，29.0%，20.0%)(χ²=238.36，P < 0.01)。城市学生筛查性近视检出率高于乡村(33.8%，14.4%)(χ²=881.54，P < 0.01)。不同学段学生筛查性近视检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=1 056.51，P < 0.01)，其中普通中学筛查性近视检出率依次高于职业中学生和小学生(37.8%，31.7%，15.8%)；不同学段间近视程度差异有统计学意义(χ²=104.70，P值均 < 0.01)。结论新疆哈萨克族中小学生的筛查性近视检出率相对较低，应根据哈萨克族中小学生筛查性近视的分布特点采取相应干预措施，减少中小学生近视的发生。
- 近视 /
- 患病率 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of myopia among Kazakh students in Xinjiang, so as to provide the data support for myopia prevention and control. Methods From March to May 2022, stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 18 218 Kazakh students in grades 1 to 12 who underwent ocular examination, who were from 81 schools of Urumqi, Changji, and Tacheng in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The Chi-square test was used to compare differences in myopia detection rates among students of different grades, genders, regions, urban-rural distribution and school stages. Results The prevalence of screening myopia was 25.6% (4 660) among Kazakh primary and secondary students. The proportion of mild, moderate, and high myopia were 79.5%, 17.3% and 3.2%, respectively. The prevalence rate of screening myopia in girls was higher than that in boys (30.4%, 20.9%) (χ²=217.17, P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference in the degree of screening myopia between different genders (χ²=9.46, P < 0.05). The screening myopia detection rate of Urumqi was higher than that of Tacheng and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture (37.3%, 29.0%, 20.0%), and the difference between different regions was statistically significant (χ²=238.36, P < 0.01). The detection rate of screening myopia was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (33.8%, 14.4%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=881.54, P < 0.01). Overall, the difference in the detection rate of screening myopia among students of different schooling stages was found to be statistically significant (χ²=1 056.51, P < 0.01); and the screening myopia detection rate was higher among ordinary middle school students than vocational middle school and primary school students (37.8%, 31.7%, 15.8%). A statistically significant difference was also found in the degree of screening myopia among different schooling stages (χ²=104.70, P < 0.01). Conclusion The detection rate of screening myopia among Kazakh primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang is relatively low, and corresponding interventions should be taken according to the distribution characteristics of myopia among Kazakh primary and secondary school students, to reduce the occurrence of myopia among students.
- Myopia /
- Prevalence /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Minority groups
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表 1 不同人口统计学特征各地区中小学生筛查性近视检出率比较

Table 1. The prevalence of screening myopia in primary and middle school students of different demographic characteristics in different regions

人口学指标	选项	统计值	乌鲁木齐		昌吉		塔城		合计
人口学指标	选项	统计值	人数	近视人数	人数	近视人数	人数	近视人数	人数	近视人数
性别	男		405	137(33.8)	4 039	664(16.4)	4 735	1 113(23.5)	9 179	1 914(20.9)
	女		343	142(41.4)	3 634	874(24.1)	5 062	1 730(34.2)	9 039	2 746(30.4)
		χ²值		4.55		69.14		135.23		217.17
		P值		0.03		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
城乡	城市		596	245(41.1)	3 643	1 095(30.1)	6 266	2 211(35.3)	10 505	3 551(33.8)
	乡村		152	34(22.4)	4 030	443(11.0)	3 531	632(17.9)	7 713	1 109(14.4)
		χ²值		18.19		433.95		331.45		881.54
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
学段	小学		478	129(27.0)	4 670	629(13.5)	4 520	771(17.1)	9 668	1 529(15.8)
	普通中学		211	126(59.7)	2 682	816(34.0)	4 047	1 678(41.5)	6 940	2 620(37.8)
	职业中学		59	24(40.7)	321	93(29.0)	1 230	394(32.0)	1 610	511(31.7)
		χ²值		67.36		322.28		623.63		1 056.51
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
总计			748	279(37.3)	7 673	1 538(20.0)	9 797	2 843(29.0)	18 218	4 660(25.6)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同人口学特征中小学生近视程度比较

Table 2. Comparison of myopia detection rate in primary and middle school students with different demographic characteristics

特征	选项	近视人数	低度	中度	高度	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 914	1 563(81.7)	298(15.6)	53(2.8)	9.46	0.01
	女	2 746	2 142(78.0)	506(18.4)	98(3.6)
地区	乌鲁木齐	279	207(74.2)	64(22.9)	8(2.9)	7.48	0.11
	昌吉	1 538	1 224(79.6)	259(16.8)	55(3.6)
	塔城	2 843	2 274(80.0)	481(16.9)	88(3.1)
城乡	城市	3 551	2 735(77.0)	693(19.5)	123(3.5)	58.16	< 0.01
	乡村	1 109	970(87.5)	111(10.0)	28(2.5)
学段	小学	1 529	1 335(87.3)	160(10.5)	34(2.2)	104.70	< 0.01
	普通中学	2 620	1 949(74.4)	573(21.9)	98(3.7)
	职业中学	511	421(82.4)	71(13.9)	19(3.7)
总计		4 660	3 705(79.5)	804(17.3)	151(3.2)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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