北京市不吸烟初中生2013—2021年二手烟暴露及相关因素分析

石建辉; 徐露婷; 孟耀涵; 韩梅; 刘秀荣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024196

北京市不吸烟初中生2013—2021年二手烟暴露及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024196

北京市疾病预防控制中心健康教育所，100020

详细信息

作者简介:
石建辉(1970-)，女，北京市人，硕士，主任医师，主要从事健康教育与健康促进工作

通讯作者:
刘秀荣，E-mail：xiurongliu@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 C913.5 F768.29
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-02
- 修回日期: 2024-05-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-25

Second-hand smoke exposure and related factors of non-smoking junior middle school students in Beijing from 2013 to 2021

Health Education Institute of Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100020), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析北京市不吸烟初中生二手烟暴露情况及相关因素，为制定烟草控制措施提供数据支持。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，确定北京市初中在校生为调查对象，2013年9—10月、2019年8—11月和2021年9—12月3次青少年烟草流行监测分别获得4 494，4 915和3 792份不吸烟初中生的有效数据，使用全国青少年烟草流行监测调查问卷进行信息采集。采用SPSS 21.0软件的复杂抽样数据分析模块进行描述性分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 2013，2019和2021年北京市不吸烟初中生在过去7 d内的4类场所(家、室内公共场所、室外公共场所、公共交通工具)二手烟暴露率分别为76.4%，71.4%，65.7%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=126.10，P < 0.01)。3次监测在学校看见有人吸烟的比例分别为34.7%，27.9%和21.1%(χ²=209.78)；每天看见教师吸烟的比例分别为2.7%，1.8%和1.3%(χ²=22.14)(P值均 < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，父母均吸烟(OR=8.47，95%CI=4.36~16.48)、父亲吸烟(OR=3.51，95%CI=2.75~4.49)、好友吸烟(OR=1.88，95%CI=1.39~2.55)均是2013年不吸烟初中生4类场所二手烟暴露的相关因素；父母均吸烟(OR=2.37，95%CI=1.33~4.22)、父亲吸烟(OR=2.80，95%CI=2.33~3.37)、好友吸烟(OR=2.24，95%CI=1.71~2.92)、课堂上教授烟草危害(OR=0.77，95%CI=0.64~0.93)是2019年不吸烟初中生4类场所二手烟暴露的相关因素；父母均吸烟(OR=3.93，95%CI=2.29~6.75)、父亲吸烟(OR=3.30，95%CI=2.72~3.99)、课堂上教授烟草危害(OR=0.81，95%CI=0.68~0.97)是2021年不吸烟初中生4类场所二手烟暴露的相关因素(P值均 < 0.05)。结论北京市不吸烟中学生二手烟暴露情况有所改善，但仍处于较高水平。应采取相应措施，切实保护不吸烟初中生免受二手烟危害。
- 吸烟 /
- 烟草烟污染 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the second-hand smoke exposure and related factors of non-smoking junior middle school students in Beijing, so as to provide a data support for formulating tobacco control measures. Methods The multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select junior middle school students in Beijing. The valid data of 4 494, 4 915 and 3 792 non-smoking middle school students were obtained from three waves of youth tobacco epidemic surveillance in 2013 (September to October), 2019 (August to November) and 2021 (September to December) wave, respectively. The information was collected by the national youth tobacco epidemic surveillance questionnaire. The complex sampling data analysis module of SPSS 21.0 was used to descriptive analysis and multivariate Logistic regression. Results The proportions of second-hand smoke exposure of non-smoking junior middle school students in the four types of places in the past 7 days in 2013, 2019 and 2021 in Beijing were 76.4%, 71.4% and 65.7%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ²=126.10, P < 0.01). The proportions of that found someone smoking in the campus in the three waves of survey were 34.7%, 27.9% and 21.1% (χ²=209.78), the proportion of that found teachers smoking daily were 2.7%, 1.8% and 1.3% (χ²=22.14) (P < 0.01), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed both parents smoking (OR=8.47, 95%CI=4.36-16.48), father smoking (OR=3.51, 95%CI=2.75-4.49), and friends smoking (OR=1.88, 95%CI=1.39-2.55) were the influencing factors of second-hand smoke exposure in four types of places of non-smoking junior middle school students in 2013. Both parents smoking (OR=2.37, 95%CI=1.33-4.22), father smoking (OR=2.80, 95%CI=2.33-3.37), friends smoking (OR=2.24, 95%CI=1.71-2.92), and teaching the tobacco hazards in class (OR=0.77, 95%CI=0.64-0.93) were the influencing factors of second-hand smoke exposure in four types of places for non-smoking middle school students in 2019. Both parents smoking (OR=3.93, 95%CI=2.29-6.75), fathers smoking (OR=3.30, 95%CI=2.72-3.99), and teaching the tobacco hazards in the class (OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.68-0.97) were the influential factor of second-hand smoke exposure in four types of places of non-smoking junior middle school students in 2021 (P < 0.05). Conclusions The second-hand smoke exposure of non-smoking middle school students in Beijing has improved, but still is a high level. It is necessary to take corresponding measures to effectively protect non-smoking junior middle school students from the harm of second-hand smoke.
- Smoking /
- Tobacco smoke pollution /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 北京市不同组别不吸烟初中生2013—2021年3次监测二手烟暴露率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the proportion of second-hand smoke exposure of non-smoking junior middle school students with different characteristics in Beijing from three waves of youth tobacco epidemic surveillance from 2013 to 2021

组别	选项	统计值	2013年		2019年		2021年		χ²值	P值
组别	选项	统计值	人数	暴露率/%	人数	暴露率/%	人数	暴露率/%	χ²值	P值
性别	男		2 194	73.9(71.2~76.4)	2 501	70.4(68.0~72.7)	1 885	64.6(62.0~67.1)	46.90	< 0.01
	女		2 300	78.9(76.4~81.1)	2 414	72.5(70.2~74.7)	1 907	66.8(64.3~69.2)	82.54	< 0.01
		χ²值		15.62		2.65		2.05
		P值		< 0.01		0.21		0.22
年级	初一		1 614	75.4(72.3~78.2)	1 762	69.6(66.7~72.3)	1 320	65.6(62.5~68.5)	36.51	< 0.01
	初二		1 519	74.3(71.0~77.4)	1 606	71.1(68.2~73.8)	1 298	63.2(60.0~66.3)	47.12	< 0.01
	初三		1 361	80.0(76.9~82.8)	1 547	74.5(71.7~77.1)	1 174	68.9(65.7~71.8)	46.11	< 0.01
		χ²值		14.10		9.31		8.39
		P值		0.03		0.06		0.05
父母吸烟状态^a	均吸烟		143	93.2(88.7~96.0)	162	83.1(74.9~89.1)	165	83.7(75.8~89.4)	7.26	0.04
	父亲吸烟		2 324	85.6(83.4~87.5)	2 221	82.8(80.8~84.6)	1 633	79.7(77.4~81.8)	26.66	< 0.01
	均不吸烟		1 929	65.0(61.9~67.9)	2 415	61.7(59.1~64.2)	1 887	54.0(51.3~56.6)	56.66	< 0.01
		χ²值		272.11		262.70		275.87
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
好友吸烟^a	是		1 043	86.8(83.9~89.3)	895	84.7(81.6~87.3)	584	73.4(69.0~77.4)	56.43	< 0.01
	否		3 451	73.6(71.4~75.6)	4 018	68.8(67.0~70.6)	3 206	64.5(62.6~66.4)	68.25	< 0.01
		χ²值		72.86		84.09		14.59
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
课堂上教授烟草危害^a	是		1 708	75.8(72.8~78.6)	2 461	68.6(66.2~70.9)	1 567	63.3(60.4~66.1)	67.32	< 0.01
	否		1 949	79.4(76.7~81.9)	1 710	74.6(71.9~77.1)	1 564	68.3(65.5~70.9)	59.65	< 0.01
		χ²值		6.79		18.19		8.63
		P值		0.07		< 0.01		0.01
注： ()内数字为95%CI。由于单独选择“母亲吸烟者”人数过少，因此没有单独分组。a表示数据有缺失值。

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表 2 北京市不吸烟初中生2013—2021年3次监测二手烟暴露的多因素Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of second-hand smoke exposure of non-smoking junior middle school students in Beijing from three waves of youth tobacco epidemic surveillance from 2013 to 2021

年份	自变量	β值	标准误	t值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
2013(n=4 494)	父母吸烟状态
	父母均吸烟	2.14	0.34	6.30	8.47(4.36~16.48)	< 0.01
	父亲吸烟	1.26	0.13	10.02	3.51(2.75~4.49)	< 0.01
	好友吸烟
	是	0.63	0.16	4.05	1.88(1.39~2.55)	< 0.01
2019(n=4 915)	父母吸烟状态
	父母均吸烟	0.86	0.30	2.92	2.37(1.33~4.22)	< 0.01
	父亲吸烟	1.03	0.10	10.88	2.80(2.33~3.37)	< 0.01
	好友吸烟
	是	0.81	0.14	5.91	2.24(1.71~2.92)	< 0.01
	课堂上教授烟草危害
	是	-0.26	0.09	-2.72	0.77(0.64~0.93)	0.01
2021(n=3 792)	父母吸烟状态
	父母均吸烟	1.37	0.28	4.96	3.93(2.29~6.75)	< 0.01
	父亲吸烟	1.19	0.10	12.18	3.30(2.72~3.99)	< 0.01
	课堂上教授烟草危害
	是	-0.21	0.09	-2.25	0.81(0.68~0.97)	0.03

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