上海市中小学生屏前时间与内外化行为问题的关联

王红会; 童连

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024128

上海市中小学生屏前时间与内外化行为问题的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024128

王红会,
童连^,

复旦大学公共卫生学院妇幼与儿少卫生教研室，上海 200032

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金项目 20BRK048

上海市第六轮公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科项目 GWVI-11.1-32

详细信息

作者简介:
王红会(1999-)，女，安徽合肥人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理

通讯作者:
童连，E-mail：ltong@fudan.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G444 R179 G478
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- 文章访问数: 26
- HTML全文浏览量: 12
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-27
- 修回日期: 2024-02-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-25

Association between screen time and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in primary and secondary school students in Shanghai

WANG Honghui,
TONG Lian^,

Department of Maternal with Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (200032), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨屏前时间与中小学生内外化行为问题的关联性，为儿童青少年内外化行为问题的早期干预提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，于2021年10—12月在上海市抽取2 178名中小学生，使用长处与困难问卷及自编屏前时间问卷进行调查。采用χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归模型，分析屏前时间与中小学生内外化行为的关联。结果中小学生的内、外化行为问题检出率分别为20.5%，23.7%。男生看电视和玩游戏≥2 h/d的报告率(9.2%，3.0%)均高于女生(5.2%，1.2%)(χ²值分别为11.95，8.15，P值均 < 0.01)。校正性别、学生年龄、家庭年收入、父母年龄、父母文化程度、是否独生子女等变量后，手机使用≥2 h/d会增加中小学生内化问题的风险(OR=2.40，95%CI=1.53~3.79)；学习日屏前时间≥2 h/d会增加中小学生内、外化行为问题的风险[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.93(1.38~2.69)，1.63(1.14~2.32)](P值均 < 0.05)。结论过长的屏前时间与中小学生内外化行为问题的发生有关。建议合理控制儿童青少年的屏前时间。
- 注视，眼 /
- 时间 /
- 行为 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the association between screen time and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems of primary and secondary school students, so as to provide reference for early intervention of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems of children and adolescents. Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling method, 2 178 primary and secondary school students were sampled in October to December, 2021 in Shanghai, China, and were surveyed by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the self-administered screen time questionnaire. The χ² test and multifactor Logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between screen time and internalizing and externalizing behaviors of primary and secondary school students. Results The detection rates of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among primary and secondary school students were 20.5% and 23.7%, respectively. Boys were reported of higher rates of watching TV and playing games ≥2 h/d(9.2%, 3.0%) than girls (5.2%, 1.2%) (χ²=11.95, 8.15, P < 0.01). After adjusting for variables such as sex, students' age, annual family income, parental age, parental educational level, and only child status, cell phone use ≥2 h/d increased the risk of internalizing problems in primary and secondary school students (OR=2.40, 95%CI=1.53-3.79), screen time ≥2 h/d on study days increased the risk of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in primary and secondary school students [OR(95%CI)=1.93(1.38-2.69), 1.63(1.14-2.32)] (P < 0.05). Conclusions Excessive screen time is associated with the development of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children and adolescents. It is suggested to control the screen time of primary and secondary school students reasonably.
- Fixation, ocular /
- Time /
- Behavior /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同人口学特征中小学生内外化行为问题检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in primary and secondary school students with different demographic characteristics

人口学指标	选项	人数	内化行为		外化行为
人口学指标	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值
性别^a	男	1 148	204(17.8)	13.30^**	308(26.8)	13.94^**
	女	981	238(24.3)		197(20.1)
年级	四	135	19(14.1)	7.60	24(17.8)	6.96
	五	103	20(19.4)		18(17.5)
	六	697	130(18.7)		179(25.6)
	七	748	174(23.3)		183(24.5)
	八	495	104(21.0)		112(22.6)
独生子女^a	是	1 051	208(19.8)	0.85	240(22.8)	1.87
	否	1 079	228(21.1)		267(24.7)
家庭类型^a	核心	1 227	235(19.2)	20.27^**	276(22.5)	4.65
	扩大	775	159(20.5)		176(22.7)
	单亲	110	40(36.4)		35(31.8)
家庭年收入/万元^a	< 10	681	166(24.4)	11.52^**	186(27.3)	13.69^**
	10~ < 20	824	161(19.5)		185(22.5)
	≥20	561	97(17.3)		105(18.7)
父亲文化程度^a	初中及以下	663	140(21.1)	9.49^*	184(33.3)	18.20^**
	高中/中专	667	157(23.5)		162(24.3)
	大专/专科	445	75(16.9)		82(18.4)
	本科及以上	342	60(17.5)		64(18.7)
母亲文化程度^a	初中及以下	786	187(23.8)	4.14^**	212(27.0)	16.97^**
	高中/中专	552	117(21.2)		133(24.1)
	大专/专科	480	83(17.3)		94(19.6)
	本科及以上	298	45(15.1)		51(17.1)
父亲年龄/岁^a	< 40	1 097	200(18.2)	8.27^**	254(23.2)	0.30
	40~50	921	198(21.5)		217(23.6)
	＞50	103	36(35.0)		22(21.4)
母亲年龄/岁^a	< 40	1 379	267(19.4)	13.10^**	328(23.8)	0.56
	40~50	697	146(20.9)		155(22.2)
	＞50	37	16(43.2)		8(21.6)
注：()内数字为检出率/%；P < 0.05，*P < 0.01；a数据存在缺失值。

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表 2 不同类型电子产品使用时间与中小学生内外化行为问题的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=2 178)

Table 2. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis of time spent on different types of electronic devices and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in primary and secondary school students (n=2 178)

因变量	自变量	选项	模型1		模型2
因变量	自变量	选项	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
内化行为	手机使用时间/(h·d^-1)	≥2	3.21(2.15~4.78)	< 0.01	2.40(1.53~3.79)	< 0.01
	性别	女			1.55(1.23~1.95)	< 0.01
	母亲文化程度	高中/中专			0.68(0.50~0.94)	< 0.01
		大专/专科			0.53(0.36~0.79)	0.01
		本科及以上			0.51(-0.30~0.52)	0.06
	父亲年龄/岁	40~50			1.29(1.02~1.65)	< 0.01
		>50			2.89(1.78~4.68)	< 0.01
	家庭类型	单亲家庭			1.96(1.18~3.25)	0.01
		扩大家庭			0.03(-0.50~1.42)	0.21
外化行为	手机使用时间/(h·d^-1)	≥2	2.62(1.76~3.89)	< 0.01	1.95(1.25~3.04)	< 0.01
	性别	男			1.59(1.27~1.99)	< 0.01
	家庭年收入/万元	10~ < 20			0.72(0.56~0.93)	0.01
		≥20			0.62(0.46~0.83)	< 0.01
注：模型1未校正变量；模型2校正学生性别、学生年龄、家庭年收入、父母年龄、父母文化程度、是否独生子女。

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表 3 不同时段屏前时间与中小学生内外化行为问题的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=2 178)

Table 3. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis of primary and secondary school students internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems and screen time at different time periods (n=2 178)

因变量	自变量	选项	模型1		模型2
因变量	自变量	选项	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
内化行为	学习日平均屏前时间/(h·d^-1)	≥2	1.89(1.35~2.65)	< 0.01	1.93(1.38~2.69)	< 0.01
	周末平均屏前时间/(h·d^-1)	≥2	1.33(1.03~1.71)	0.03	1.29(-0.15~0.72)	0.21
	性别	女			1.58(1.25~2.00)	< 0.01
	母亲文化程度	高中/中专			0.70(0.51~0.96)	0.03
		大专/专科			0.54(0.37~0.81)	< 0.01
		本科及以上			0.47(-0.24~0.38)	0.64
	父亲年龄/岁	40~50			1.30(1.02~1.65)	0.04
		>50			2.83(1.75~4.59)	< 0.01
	家庭类型	单亲家庭			1.91(1.16~3.16)	0.01
		扩大家庭			0.22(-0.38~0.48)	0.83
外化行为	学习日平均屏前时间/(h·d^-1)	≥2	1.74(1.26~2.40)	< 0.01	1.63(1.14~2.32)	0.01
	周末平均屏前时间/(h·d^-1)	≥2	1.79(1.42~2.27)	< 0.01	1.56(1.21~2.02)	< 0.01
	性别	男			1.56(1.25~1.96)	< 0.01
	家庭年收入/万元	10~ < 20			0.70(0.54~0.91)	0.01
		≥20			0.61(0.45~0.82)	< 0.01
注：模型1未校正变量；模型2校正学生性别、学生年龄、家庭年收入、父母年龄、父母文化程度、是否独生子女。

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