中小学教师抑郁症状和负性生活事件与心理弹性的关系

汪培; 朱璠; 贾碧波; 朱桂因; 赵田杰; 祁甜甜; 胡翼飞; 马迎华

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024092

中小学教师抑郁症状和负性生活事件与心理弹性的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024092

1.
北京大学公共卫生学院/儿童青少年卫生研究所，北京 100191
2.
首都医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系

详细信息

作者简介:
汪培(1998-)，男，江西鹰潭人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学校卫生

通讯作者:
马迎华，E-mail：yinghuama@bjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 G443 G525.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-07
- 修回日期: 2024-01-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-25

Relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events, and resilience in primary and secondary school teachers

1.
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing (100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨中小学教师抑郁症状、负性生活事件与心理弹性之间的关系，为提升教师群体的心理健康水平提供参考。方法于2022年11—12月，采用方便整群抽样法抽取北京、广东、安徽、湖北、四川、新疆、辽宁、黑龙江等8省(市)38所学校的11 332名中小学在职教师进行问卷调查。使用9项患者健康问卷、自编21条目负性生活事件调查问卷、10条目简明心理弹性量表分别评估中小学教师的抑郁症状、经历负性生活事件情况与心理弹性水平。采用Mann-Whitney U和Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验比较抑郁症状得分的组间差异，使用多重线性回归、分层回归探讨教师抑郁症状与负性生活事件、心理弹性间的关系。结果中小学教师抑郁症状的检出率为14.0%；中小学教师负性生活事件与抑郁症状呈正相关(r=0.35)，心理弹性与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.45)(P值均＜0.05)。在调整性别、婚姻状况等变量后，负性生活事件得分与抑郁症状得分呈正相关(β=0.22，P＜0.01)；心理弹性在负性生活事件对中小学教师抑郁症状的影响中起调节作用(B=-0.15，P＜0.01)。结论中小学教师经历负性生活事件越多，产生抑郁症状的风险越大。心理弹性可以削弱负性生活事件对抑郁症状的负面影响，起到保护教师心理健康的作用。
- 抑郁 /
- 生活变动事件 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events and resilience among primary and secondary school teachers, so as to provide a reference for mental health promotion in school teachers. Methods During November to December 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenient cluster sampling method to select 11 332 in-service teachers from 38 schools in 8 provinces (cities) including Beijing, Guangdong, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items, a self-developed 21-item Adverse Life Events questionnaire, and a 10-item Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms, experiences of negative life events, and resilience levels of the teachers, respectively. The relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events and psychological resilience were analyzed by multiple linear regression and stratified regression. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school teachers was 14.0%. Negative life events of primary and secondary school teachers were positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=0.35), while psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=-0.45) (P<0.05). After adjusting for possible covariates including gender and marital status, negative life events were positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β=0.22, P<0.01). Resilience played a moderating role in the association of negative life events with depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school teachers (B=-0.15, P<0.01). Conclusions Negative life events experiences are associated with higher level of depressive symptoms among school teachers. However, resilience might mitigate the negative effects of negative life events on depressive symptoms, playing a protective role in teachers' mental health.
- Depression /
- Life change events /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis
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表 1 不同组别中小学教师抑郁症状得分比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of depression symptom scores among different groups of primary and secondary school teachers[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	选项	人数	抑郁症状得分	Z/H值	P值
性别	男	3 320	4.0(1.0，8.0)	-5.30	＜0.01
	女	8 012	5.0(2.0，8.0)
学历	大专及以下	1 837	5.0(2.0，8.0)	6.47	0.04
	本科	8 783	5.0(2.0，8.0)
	硕士及以上	712	4.0(1.0，8.0)
婚姻状况	未婚	1 789	5.0(2.0，8.0)	10.28	0.01
	已婚	9 029	5.0(2.0，8.0)
	离异/分居/丧偶	514	5.0(2.0，9.0)
家庭平均月收入/元	≤5 000	2 905	5.0(2.0，9.0)	147.94	＜0.01
	5 001~9 999	5 902	5.0(2.0，8.0)
	10 000~19 999	2 068	4.0(1.0，7.0)
	≥20 000	457	3.0(1.0，6.0)
工作学段	小学	6 539	5.0(2.0，8.0)	4.91	0.09
	初中	3 285	5.0(2.0，8.0)
	高中	1 508	4.0(1.0，8.0)
学校有无保健室/校医室	有	7 662	4.0(1.0，8.0)	-9.02	＜0.01
	无	3 670	5.0(2.0，9.0)
学校有无心理咨询室	有	8 992	4.0(1.0，8.0)	-9.49	＜0.01
	无	2 340	6.0(2.0，9.0)
患有慢性病	是	3 847	6.0(3.0，9.0)	24.17	＜0.01
	否	7 485	4.0(1.0，7.0)

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参考文献(21)

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