青少年心肺耐力与执行功能的关系

吴慧攀; 尹小俭; 陈福乐; 郭亚茹; 张颖坤; 王进贤; 单影; 施利娟; 马渊源

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024086

青少年心肺耐力与执行功能的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024086

吴慧攀^{1, 2},
尹小俭^{3, 4},
陈福乐^5, ,,
郭亚茹⁴,
张颖坤⁶,
王进贤²,
单影⁷,
施利娟⁸,
马渊源⁹

1.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心, 山西 030008
2.
中北大学体育学院
3.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院
4.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
5.
广西职业师范学院体育教学部
6.
山西医科大学公共卫生学院
7.
华东师范大学第二附属中学附属初级中学
8.
上海教师教育学院
9.
吉首大学体育科学学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目 82373595

山西省教育科学"十四五"规划2022年专项课题 SJ-22002

详细信息

作者简介:
吴慧攀(1983-), 男, 山西长治人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为青少年健康促进

通讯作者:
陈福乐, E-mail: 395710143@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R322.3⁺⁵ R331.3⁺¹ Q427
计量
- 文章访问数: 103
- HTML全文浏览量: 41
- PDF下载量: 34
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-29
- 修回日期: 2024-02-21
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-25

Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adolescents

WU Huipan^{1, 2},
YIN Xiaojian^{3, 4},
CHEN Fule^{5
, ,},
GUO Yaru⁴,
ZHANG Yingkun⁶,
WANG Jinxian²,
SHAN Ying⁷,
SHI Lijuan⁸,
MA Yuanyuan⁹

1.
Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan (030008), Shanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨中国青少年心肺耐力与执行功能的关系, 为促进中国青少年身心健康全面发展提供参考。方法于2022年9—12月, 在上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取5 018名13~18岁青少年进行心肺耐力和执行功能测试。采用Pearson相关、线性分层回归分析心肺耐力与执行功能的关系。结果被试青少年最大摄氧量(VO_2max)与刷新功能反应时(1-back、2-back)和转换功能反应时均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.07, -0.12, -0.12, P值均 < 0.01)。线性回归分析显示, VO_2max与执行功能的刷新(1-back、2-back)、转换功能反应时呈负相关(B值分别为-2.99, -6.44, -1.69, P值均 < 0.01)。结论青少年心肺耐力越高, 执行功能表现越好。青少年应加强中高强度心肺耐力锻炼, 从而促进执行功能的改善。
- 心脏 /
- 肺 /
- 执行功能 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Chinese adolescents, so as to provide a reference for promoting the overall development of Chinese adolescents' physical and mental health. Methods From September to December 2022, a total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi were selected by stratified cluster sampling method to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function. Pearson's correlation and linear hierarchical regression were performed to analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive functions. Results Among the sample of adolescents, maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) was negatively correlated with the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion executive function responses (r=-0.07, -0.12, -0.12, P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that VO_2max was negatively correlated with the reaction times of the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion functions (B=-2.99, -6.44, -1.69, P < 0.01). Conclusions Higher cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents is associated with better performance in executive function. Teenagers should strengthen high-intensity cardiopulmonary endurance exercise to promote the improvement of executive function.
- Heart /
- Lung /
- Executive function /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同性别各年龄组青少年心肺耐力情况(x±s)

Table 1. Cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents of different genders and ages(x±s)

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	20 m SRT/次	VO_2max/[mL·(kg·min)^-1]
13	男	426		35(22，50)	48.39±8.62
	女	417		30(19，41)	42.80±6.59
			Z/t值	-4.64	10.57
14	男	449		37(25，53)	49.57±8.59
	女	435		30(20，40)	41.65±6.77
			Z/t值	-7.33	15.19
15	男	430		41(30，56)	49.44±8.28
	女	408		32(24，40)	42.07±5.71
			Z/t值	-8.10	14.91
16	男	387		45(34，58)	49.59±7.38
	女	397		33(25，42)	42.13±5.30
			Z/t值	-9.18	16.30
17	男	462		45(35，60)	49.02±7.54
	女	448		30(22，40)	40.86±5.54
			Z/t值	-12.96	18.55
18	男	422		46(36，60)	48.36±7.75
	女	337		29(21，39)	39.81±5.29
			Z/t值	-13.24	17.27
总体	男	2 576		42(30，57)	49.06±8.06
	女	2 442		31(22，40)	41.60±5.99
			Z/t值	-22.44	37.07
注：20 m SRT数据不符合正态分布，用M(P₂₅，P₇₅)描述。P值均＜0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同性别各年龄组青少年执行功能反应时[M(P₂₅，P₇₅), ms]

Table 2. Executive function responses of adolescents of different genders and ages[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), ms]

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	抑制功能	1-back	2-back	转换功能
13	男	426		3.59(-11.08，17.37)	776.60(617.48，928.60)	1 008.45(725.86，1 242.37)	299.70(203.30，383.70)
	女	417		3.59(-9.86，18.11)	821.08(613.54，967.80)	1 065.20(741.86，1 282.78)	310.11(206.47，434.71)
			Z值	0.30	1.43	1.37	2.20
			P值	0.77	0.15	0.17	0.03
14	男	449		3.90(-9.69，18.55)	798.00(652.52，925.26)	1 042.20(783.82，1 270.56)	290.20(210.63，376.89)
	女	435		3.59(-10.40，18.54)	796.20(632.52，914.48)	1 076.60(870.84，1 311.48)	320.55(252.94，425.94)
			Z值	-1.13	-0.13	1.49	3.86
			P值	0.26	0.90	0.14	＜0.01
15	男	430		3.59(-9.33，19.53)	811.64(659.57，981.75)	1 008.93(1 008.93，1 232.03)	289.25(289.25，383.95)
	女	408		3.59(-10.41，16.45)	815.54(674.25，1015.85)	1 065.78(882.80，1 348.37)	317.05(270.22，407.20)
			Z值	-0.87	0.74	2.83	3.96
			P值	0.39	0.46	＜0.01	＜0.01
16	男	387		3.59(-6.98，16.52)	804.20(686.28，977.24)	1 093.84(937.20，1 325.24)	289.25(239.80，375.89)
	女	397		3.90(-6.86，18.26)	770.72(662.10，935.76)	1 078.48(917.62，1 326.48)	319.78(279.66，407.11)
			Z值	0.90	-2.14	-0.01	4.05
			P值	0.37	0.03	0.99	＜0.01
17	男	462		5.18(-5.50，18.33)	787.18(656.95，897.97)	1 009.59(816.07，1 240.23)	289.25(229.30，363.46)
	女	448		3.69(-6.05，17.90)	753.24(647.53，921.32)	1 038.88(716.91，1 235.04)	289.25(231.27，368.63)
			Z值	-0.39	-1.29	-0.72	0.80
			P值	0.69	0.20	0.47	0.42
18	男	422		4.67(-7.09，17.71)	781.64(660.96，906.27)	1 040.46(864.74，1 258.67)	289.25(243.27，243.27)
	女	337		4.02(-6.33，18.67)	775.92(665.22，929.38)	1 046.48(835.98，1 257.46)	306.52(249.91，408.01)
			Z值	0.19	0.36	-0.08	2.74
			P值	0.85	0.72	0.94	0.01
总体	男	2 576		3.59(-8.21，18.03)	792.74(656.73，933.81)	1 031.52(830.01，1 260.53)	289.25(225.09，373.45)
	女	2 442		3.59(-8.44，18.07)	788.10(655.45，942.66)	1 063.02(835.38，1 295.64)	310.07(250.64，409.26)
			Z值	-0.53	-0.28	2.18	7.10
			P值	0.60	0.78	0.03	＜0.01

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同性别各年龄组青少年VO_2max与执行功能反应时的相关性(r值，n=5 018)

Table 3. Correlation between maximal oxygen uptake and executive function response time of adolescents of different ages(r, n=5 018)

性别	年龄/岁	人数	抑制功能	1-back	2-back	转换功能
男	13	426	-0.026	-0.112^*	-0.075	-0.097^*
	14	449	0.009	-0.189^**	-0.287^**	-0.179^**
	15	430	-0.038	-0.197^**	-0.208^**	-0.157^**
	16	387	0.094	-0.065	-0.008	-0.056
	17	462	0.052	0.020	-0.005	-0.002
	18	422	-0.063	-0.087	-0.029	0.013
	小计	2 576	0.002	-0.109^**	-0.106^**	-0.087^**
女	13	417	-0.030	-0.100^*	-0.126^**	-0.078
	14	435	-0.056	-0.005	-0.127^**	-0.083
	15	408	-0.005	-0.052	-0.195^**	-0.110^*
	16	397	0.031	-0.019	-0.052	-0.023
	17	448	-0.071	0.006	-0.211^**	-0.147^**
	18	337	0.002	0.047	-0.241^**	-0.142^**
	小计	2 442	-0.032	-0.025	-0.143^**	-0.084^**
注：P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 青少年VO_2max与抑制功能、1-back及2-back反应时的线性回归分析(n=5 018)

Table 4. Linear regression between VO_2max and inhibitory functional response in adolescents(n=5 018)

常量与自变量	抑制功能			1-back
常量与自变量	标准误	t值	B值(95%CI)	标准误	t值	B值(95%CI)
常量	4.26	-0.27	-1.13(-9.48~7.21)	53.50	17.70	946.95(842.07~1 051.83)^**
年龄	0.75	-1.14	-0.85(-2.31~0.62)	9.38	-2.37	-22.27(-40.66~-3.88)^*
性别	0.20	2.78	0.54(0.16~0.92)^**	2.45	1.42	3.47(-1.34~8.27)
VO_2max	0.05	-0.70	-0.03(-0.12~0.06)	0.58	-5.12	-2.99(-4.13~-1.84)^**

常量与自变量	2-back			转换功能
常量与自变量	标准误	t值	B值(95%CI)	标准误	t值	B值(95%CI)
常量	68.40	20.87	1 427.58(1 293.48~1 561.68)^**	25.15	16.13	405.73(356.42~455.05)^**
年龄	11.99	-2.75	-32.95(-56.46~-9.44)^**	4.41	3.45	15.19(6.55~23.84)^**
性别	3.13	-1.28	-4.01(-10.16~2.13)	1.15	-2.64	-3.04(-5.30~-0.78)^**
VO_2max	0.75	-8.64	-6.44(-7.90~-4.98)^**	0.27	-6.17	-1.69(-2.23~-1.16)^**
注：P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(27)

[1]	夏榕. ADHD与ASD儿童执行功能及心理理论的比较和分型[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2020. XIA R. Comparison and classification of executive function and theory of mind in children with ADHD and ASD[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2020. (in Chinese)
[2]	陈丽兰, 王亚茹. 听力障碍中学生执行功能发展与应对方式的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020, 41(3): 457-460. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.03.039 CHEN L L, WANG Y R. The relationship between executive function development and coping style of middle school students with hearing impairment[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2020, 41(3): 457-460. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.03.039
[3]	ÅVITSLAND A, LEIBINGER E, HAUGEN T, et al. The association between physical fitness and mental health in Norwegian adolescents[J]. BMC Public Health, 2020, 20(1): 776. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08936-7
[4]	中华人民共和国教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司. 第八次全国学生体质与健康调研结果发布[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(9): 1281-1282. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.001 Department of Physical Health and Art Education, Ministry of Education of the PRC. The results of the eighth national survey on students' physique and health were released[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2021, 42(9): 1281-1282. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.001
[5]	徐亚涛. 中国儿童青少年身体发育状况及其影响因素的研究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2019. XU Y T. A study on physical development of children and adolescents in China and its influencing factors[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[6]	SCUDDER M R, DROLLETTE E S, SZABO-REED A N, et al. Tracking the relationship between children's aerobic fitness and cognitive control[J]. Health Psychol, 2016, 35(9): 967-978. doi: 10.1037/hea0000343
[7]	AADLAND K N, MOE V F, AADLAND E, et al. Relationships between physical activity, sedentary time, aerobic fitness, motor skills and executive function and academic performance in children[J]. Ment Health Phys Act, 2017, 12: 10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.01.001
[8]	DROLLETTE E S, SCUDDER M R, RAINE L B, et al. The sexual dimorphic association of cardiorespiratory fitness to working memory in children[J]. Dev Sci, 2016, 19(1): 90-108. doi: 10.1111/desc.12291
[9]	毕存箭. 高海拔地区藏族儿童青少年心肺耐力和执行功能的关系及其运动干预研究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2021. BI C J. Study on the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function and exercise intervention in Tibetan children and adolescents in high altitude area[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2021. (in Chinese)
[10]	杨小芳. 儿童青少年心肺耐力测评方法及其特征的研究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2021. YANG X F. Research on cardiorespiratory fitness assessment methods and characteristics of children and adolescents[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2021. (in Chinese)
[11]	YANG X, YIN X, JI L, et al. Differences in cardiorespiratory fitness between Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents[J]. Int J Environ, 2019, 16(13): 2316.
[12]	孙毅, 尹小俭, 李玉强, 等. 中国汉族儿童青少年20 m往返跑年龄性别和地区特征[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2017, 38(12): 1777-1780. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.12.006 SUN Y, YIN X J, LI Y Q, et al. Age, gender and regional characteristics of 20 m round trip running among Chinese Han children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2017, 38(12): 1777-1780. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.12.006
[13]	YU A Y L, LOPEZ-OLMEDO N, POPKIN B M. Analysis of dietary trends in Chinese adolescents from 1991 to 2011[J]. Asia Pact J Clin Nutr, 2018, 27(5): 1106-1119.
[14]	王甜甜. 体育锻炼对肥胖高中生时间管理倾向和学业压力的影响: 以九江市为例[D]. 南昌: 江西师范大学, 2011. WANG T T. The effect of physical exercise on time management tendency and academic stress of obese high school students: a case study of Jiujiang City[D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi Normal University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[15]	RAMIREZ-VELEZ R, PALACIOS-LOPEZ A, HUMBERTO PRIETO-BENAVIDES D, et al. Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle-run test in a population-based sample of school-aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the fuprecol study[J]. Am J Hum Biol, 2017, 29(1): e22902. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22902
[16]	王瑞元. 运动生理学[M]. 北京: 人民体育出版社, 2002. WANG R Y. Exercise physiology[M]. Beijing: People's Sports Publishing House, 2002. (in Chinese)
[17]	XU S, WANG Y, JING Y, et al. Influence of parents' physical activity on children's physical activity and cardiopulmonary endurance[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2019, 51(6): 514.
[18]	齐晓. 镇江市青少年体力活动体质关系研究[D]. 南京: 南京师范大学, 2014. QI X. Study on the relationship between physical activity and physique of adolescents in Zhenjiang City[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[19]	MOON R C, CUNNINGHAM S A, GAZMARARIAN J. Impact of weight status on the cardiopulmonary fitness outcome of a school-based physical activity program[J]. J Sch Health, 2020, 90(10): 762-770. doi: 10.1111/josh.12936
[20]	顾淼. 男大学生有氧适能、脑灰质体积与执行控制关系研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2019. GU M. Study on the relationship between aerobic fitness, gray matter volume and executive control in male college students[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[21]	PINDUS D M, DROLLETTE E S, SCUDDER M R, et al. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, indices of cognitive control, and academic achievement in preadolescents[J]. J Pediatr, 2016, 173: 136-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.045
[22]	TOMPOROWSKI P D, MCCULLICK B, PENDLETON D M, et al. Exercise and children's cognition: the role of exercise characteristics and a place for metacognition[J]. J Sport Health Sci, 2015, 4(1): 47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.09.003
[23]	李跃. 大学生体力活动对执行功能的影响: 健康体适能的中介作用[J]. 田径, 2022(5): 72-74. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJTJ202205039.htm LI Y. The effect of physical activity on executive function of college students: the mediating role of healthy physical fitness[J]. Athletics, 2022(5): 72-74. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJTJ202205039.htm
[24]	李琳, 项琪. 长时有氧运动对执行功能的影响[C]//中国心理学会. 第二十届全国心理学学术会议: 心理学与国民心理健康摘要集. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2017: 3. LI L, XIANG Q. Effects of long-term aerobic exercise on executive function[C]//Chinese Psychological Society. The 20 th national psychology academic conference: abstracts collection of psychology and national mental health. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2017: 3. (in Chinese)
[25]	许庆. 10周大课间健身操运动对初中生体质及执行功能的影响[D]. 上海: 上海体育学院, 2020. XU Q. Influence of 10-week aerobics exercise on physical fitness and executive function of junior middle school students[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai University of Sport, 2020. (in Chinese)
[26]	HUANG T, TARP J, DOMAZET S L, et al. Associations of adiposity and aerobic fitness with executive function and math performance in danish adolescents[J]. J Pediatr, 2015, 167(4): 810-815. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.009
[27]	KVALO S E, DYRSTAD S M, BRU E, et al. Relationship between aerobic fitness and academic performance: the mediational role of executive function[J]. J Sports Med Phys Fit, 2019, 59(8): 1397-1404.