中等强度体操运动对5~6岁幼儿执行功能的影响

张建华; 卢嘉程; 刘敏; 闫小凡

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024082

中等强度体操运动对5~6岁幼儿执行功能的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024082

张建华^{1, 2},
卢嘉程³,
刘敏²,
闫小凡²

1.
北京体育大学艺术学院, 北京 100084
2.
山西大学体育学院
3.
商丘市职业教育中心

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金项目 19BTY115

详细信息

作者简介:
张建华(1989-), 男, 河南商丘人, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为运动与脑科学

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G83 Q427
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- PDF下载量: 27
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-10
- 修回日期: 2024-01-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-25

Effects of moderate-intensity gymnastics on executive function in children aged 5 to 6 years

1.
School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing (100084), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨中等强度体操运动对5~6岁幼儿执行功能发展的影响, 为幼儿执行功能的运动干预提供参考依据。方法从商丘某私立幼儿园整群随机抽取3个大班63名5~6岁儿童为试验对象, 根据性别分层, 采用随机数字表法将幼儿分为干预组(31人)和对照组(32人)。干预组进行每周3次, 每次60 min, 共12周的体操运动, 并使用Polar H10心率带全程监控运动强度; 对照组儿童在相同时间内在教室观看教育卡通片。试验前后对幼儿的抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性进行评估。结果干预前两组幼儿在抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性任务中的表现差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。协方差分析结果显示, 干预组与对照组在抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性中的反应时和准确性差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为6.84, 4.50, 4.87, 6.11, 3.74, 5.06, P值均 < 0.05)。干预效果呈现小到中等效应量(d=0.17~0.74)。结论中等强度体操运动对幼儿执行功能产生了小到中等效应的提升作用。未来研究设计可引入脑成像技术, 以深入探究体操运动对幼儿大脑结构和执行功能的影响机制。
- 体操 /
- 运动活动 /
- 执行功能 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective The study aims to investigate the impact of moderate-intensity gymnastics on the development of executive function in children aged 5-6, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for exercise interventions targeting executive function. Methods A total of 63 preschool children, randomly seleted from 3 senior classes in a private kindergarten in Shangqiu, were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n=31) and control group (n=32). Children in the intervention group participated in 60-minute-gymnastics at a moderate intensity, three times per week, for a total duration of 12 weeks. Concurrently, myzone technology was utilized to monitor exercise intensity throughout the entire intervention period. Children in the control group maintained their regular activities. Inhibitory control (Flanker task), working memory (Empty house task), and cognitive flexibility (Dots task) were assessed before and after the experiment. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility tasks between the two groups of children before intervention (P > 0.05).The results of covariance analysis revealed significant differences in reaction time and accuracy across inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility between the intervention group and the control group (F=6.84, 4.50, 4.87, 6.11, 3.74, 5.06, P < 0.05). The intervention effect exhibited modest effects(d=0.17-0.74). Conclusions Moderate-intensity gymnastics can make modest or moderate effect on improving children's executive function. Brain imaging technology can be incorporated into future research designs to investigate the underlying mechanisms of gymnastics' impact on the brain structure and executive function in young children.
- Gymnastics /
- Motor activity /
- Executive function /
- Child, preschool
注释:

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表 1 体操动作内容及训练安排

Table 1. Contents of gymnastic movements and training arrangements

课部分	项目	动作名称及量化要求	动作要求	时间/min
热身部分		通过小组游戏方式进行，如模仿小动物走、跑、跳等		10
体操训练	自由操	(1)猩猩爬—8 m—一组	既快速，又协调	45
		(2)兔子跳—5个—一组	有腾空，有远度
		(3)前滚翻—3个—一组	团身紧，动作圆
		(4)侧滚翻—5 m—一组	身体直，动作顺
	低平衡木	(1)直立提踵行走—起点到终点—一组	重心稳，身体直
		(2)两腿依次前踢—起点到终点—一组	腿过膝，脚绷直
		(3)依次转身行进—起点到终点—一组	重心稳，身体直
		(4)双人对立行进—起点到终点—一组	重心稳，不掉木
	跳箱	(1)5 m助跑上板，落在10 cm海绵垫上—一组	四肢协调，踏板有力
		(2)5 m助跑上板，落在30 cm海绵垫上—一组	四肢协调，踏板有力
		(3)5 m助跑上板，在50 cm海绵箱上成蹲撑接挺身下—一组	四肢协调，踏板有力
		(4)5 m助跑上板，在50 cm海绵垫上成半蹲接挺身下—一组	四肢协调，踏板有力
	小蹦床	(1)上下垂直跳—6个—一组	四肢协调，节奏清晰
		(2)左右开合跳—6个—一组	四肢协调，节奏清晰
		(3)前后分腿跳—6个—一组	四肢协调，节奏清晰
		(4)团身吸腿跳—3个—一组	四肢协调，节奏清晰
放松部分		以上下肢拉伸为主		5

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表 2 干预前后干预组和对照组执行功能任务表现比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of executive functional task performance between the intervention group and control group pre- and post-intervention(x±s)

干预前后	组别	人数	统计值	抑制控制反应时/ms	抑制控制准确性/%	工作记忆反应时/ms	工作记忆准确性/%	认知灵活性反应时/ms	认知灵活性准确性/%
干预前	干预组	31		863.17±13.57	52.55±13.79	945.62±237.84	69.78±10.54	1 163.21±50.85	66.73±7.23
	对照组	32		860.19±22.53	50.66±8.20	912.97±225.25	68.23±6.01	1 153.11±31.51	65.51±7.51
			t值	0.64	0.66	0.56	0.71	0.94	0.66
			P值	0.53	0.51	0.58	0.48	0.35	0.52
干预后	干预组	31		782.88±24.29	73.86±7.26	719.90±119.99	86.36±7.63	1 042.39±72.75	76.45±9.48
	对照组	32		805.13±23.74	67.02±8.22	833.55±177.87	80.50±9.39	1 091.29±49.42	69.59±7.66
			F值	6.84	6.11	4.50	3.74	4.87	5.06
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.01

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