深圳市中小学生睡眠质量状况

戴丽君; 吴庆军; 何林

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024046

深圳市中小学生睡眠质量状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024046

1.
广东省深圳市龙华区妇幼保健院药剂科，518109
2.
深圳市龙华区妇幼保健院信息科
3.
深圳市龙华区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科

基金项目:

深圳市龙华区科技创新专项资金项目 2548A20210414BA70D4A

详细信息

作者简介:
戴丽君(1981-)，女，江西抚州人，硕士，主管药师，主要从事药剂和妇幼保健方面工作

通讯作者:
何林，E-mail：840471262@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G444 Q428
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-20
- 修回日期: 2023-12-04
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-25

Sleep quality among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen City

DAI Lijun¹,
WU Qingjun²,
HE Lin^{3
, ,}

1.
Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen (518109), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解深圳市中小学生睡眠现状，为改善该人群睡眠质量提供数据支持。方法于2020年12月22日至2021年1月15日，采用目的抽样方法抽取深圳市龙华区面向全市招生的2所十二年制学校的全部学生共8 742名作为调查对象，利用自制问卷对中小学生基本情况进行调查，运用儿童睡眠障碍量表(SDSC)对儿童的睡眠紊乱状况进行调查和评定。采用χ²检验对数据进行分析。结果深圳市中小学生中，47.61%有睡眠紊乱，10.84%存在中重度睡眠紊乱；整体睡眠紊乱报告率、中重度睡眠紊乱报告率小学(48.03%，10.04%)、初中(45.89%，11.30%)、高中(52.61%，16.83%)学生的差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为8.89，27.05，P值均 < 0.05)。小学生、初中生、高中生学习期间夜晚入睡时间主要在22:00—23:00(90.35%)，22:00—23:00(62.37%)，23:00—01:00(61.44%)，不同学段学生夜晚入睡时间差异有统计学意义(χ²=1 470.17，P < 0.01)。41.04%的学生在15 min内能入睡，50.57%的学生夜晚入睡时长为15~30 min，不同学段学生夜晚入睡所需时长差异有统计学意义(χ²=82.92，P < 0.01)。中小学生夜晚睡眠时长超过9 h的比例为8.03%，睡眠时长8~9 h的占45.97%；不同学段学生夜晚睡眠时长差异有统计学意义(χ²=1 292.86，P < 0.01)。结论深圳中小学生睡眠问题主要为睡眠时长不足和睡眠质量较差。相关部门应重视并加强对家长和儿童的睡眠健康教育，改善中小学生的睡眠质量。
- 睡眠 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 时间 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand sleep quarity among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen City, so as to provide data support for sleeping quality improvement. Methods A survey was conducted among 8 742 children selected from two 12-year schools in Longhua District of Shenzhen City, by purposive sampling method from December 22, 2020 to January 15, 2021. The general information was investigated with the self-designed questionnaire, and sleep disturbance was investigated and evaluated with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). And Chi-square test was applied for data analysis. Results About 47.61% of primary and middle school students in Shenzhen City reported sleep disturbance, 10.84% of students had moderate to severe sleep disturbance. The overall rate of sleep disturbance and moderate and to severe sleep disturbance among primary school students (48.03%, 10.04%), junior middle schools (45.89%, 11.30%), senior middle schools (52.61%, 16.83%) were found of statistically significant differences (χ²=8.89, 27.05, P < 0.05). The time to fall asleep for primary school students, junior school students and senior school students at night during the study period were 22:00-23:00 (90.35%), 22:00-23:00 (62.37%), and 23:00-01:00 (61.44%), respectively, and the time to fall asleep of the different stages students were found of statistically significant differences (χ²=1 470.17, P < 0.01). About 41.04% of students could fall asleep within 15 minutes and 50.57% could fall asleep within 15 to 30 minutes, and the differences in the latency for different stages students to fall asleep at night were of statistical significance (χ²=82.92, P < 0.01); 8.03% of primary and middle school students had a night sleep time of over 9 hours, and 45.97% had a night sleep time of 8-9 hours, and the differences in the night sleep time among different stages students were of statistical significance (χ²=1 292.86, P < 0.01). Conclusions The main sleep problems among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen City are insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality. The relevant departments should emphasize the sleep health education among children and their parents, so as to improve their sleep quality.
- Sleep /
- Mental health /
- Time /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 深圳市中小学生夜晚入睡时间分布

Table 1. Distribution of time to fall asleep at night among different stages students in Shenzhen City

学段	人数	22:00之前	22:00—23:00	23:00—01:00	01:00之后
小学	5 855	78(1.33)	5 290(90.35)	482(8.23)	5(0.09)
初中	2 275	18(0.79)	1 419(62.37)	833(36.62)	5(0.22)
高中	612	0	233(38.07)	376(61.44)	3(0.49)
合计	8 742	96(1.10)	6 942(79.41)	1 691(19.34)	13(0.15)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 深圳市中小学生夜晚睡眠时长分布

Table 2. Distribution of night sleep time among different stages students in Shenzhen City

学段	人数	>9 h/d	>8~9 h/d	>7~8 h/d	5~7 h/d	< 5 h/d
小学	5 855	545(9.31)	3 209(54.81)	1 825(31.17)	266(4.54)	10(0.17)
初中	2 275	141(6.20)	711(31.25)	939(41.27)	469(20.62)	15(0.66)
高中	612	16(2.61)	99(16.18)	251(41.01)	233(38.07)	13(2.12)
合计	8 742	702(8.03)	4 019(45.97)	3 015(34.49)	968(11.07)	38(0.43)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 3 深圳市中小学生夜晚入睡所需时长分布情况

Table 3. Distribution of required time for different stages students to fall asleep at night in Shenzhen City

学段	人数	≤15 min	>15~30 min	>30~45 min	>45~60 min	>60 min
小学	5 855	2 316(39.56)	3 092(52.81)	385(6.58)	43(0.73)	19(0.32)
初中	2 275	1 009(44.35)	1 064(46.77)	144(6.33)	33(1.45)	25(1.10)
高中	612	263(42.97)	265(43.30)	61(9.97)	12(1.96)	11(1.80)
合计	8 742	3 588(41.04)	4 421(50.57)	590(6.75)	88(1.01)	55(0.63)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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