北京市中学生2018—2022年健康危险行为状况分析

罗慧娟; 高若伊; 赵海; 陈东妮; 孙冰洁; 郭欣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024045

北京市中学生2018—2022年健康危险行为状况分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024045

罗慧娟^{1, 2},
高若伊^{1, 2},
赵海²,
陈东妮²,
孙冰洁²,
郭欣^{1, 2, ,}

1.
首都医科大学公共卫生学院，北京 100069
2.
北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所

基金项目:

北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目领军人才-01-09

国家重点研发计划项目 2021YFC2702102

详细信息

作者简介:
罗慧娟(1998-)，女，江西新余人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学校卫生

通讯作者:
郭欣，E-mail: gguoxin2000@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 C913.5 B845.67 B844.2
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- HTML全文浏览量: 46
- PDF下载量: 50
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-18
- 修回日期: 2023-11-06
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-25

Analysis of health risk behaviors among middle school students in Beijing City from 2018 to 2022

LUO Huijuan^{1, 2},
GAO Ruoyi^{1, 2},
ZHAO Hai²,
CHEN Dongni²,
SUN Bingjie²,
GUO Xin^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing(100069), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析北京市中学生2018—2022年健康危险行为状况，为开展科学有效的干预提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法，选取2018—2022年北京市16个区84 712名中学生为研究对象，监测其健康影响因素数据，并采用χ²检验比较不同组别学生健康危险行为差异，采用年度百分比变化率(APC)评价其变化趋势。结果 2018—2022年5次调查中，中学生不良饮食行为、非故意伤害行为、故意伤害行为、物质滥用行为和网络成瘾行为(2018和2020年)报告率男生均高于女生(χ²=4.91~297.52)，缺乏锻炼行为报告率女生均高于男生(χ²=56.49~160.88)(P值均＜0.05)；中学生不良饮食行为、缺乏锻炼行为、非故意伤害行为(2021年除外)、物质滥用行为、网络成瘾行为(2018和2019年)报告率均为职高最高、普高次之、初中最低(χ²=23.30~1 285.98)，故意伤害行为初中最高、职高次之、普高最低(χ²=96.18~378.32)，网络成瘾行为(2020—2022年)报告率均为普高最高、职高次之、初中最低(χ²=16.93~60.11)(P值均＜0.01)；中学生不良饮食行为、故意伤害行为(2020和2022年)、物质滥用行为(2018年除外)报告率郊区均高于城区(χ²=6.70~117.56)，缺乏锻炼行为、非故意伤害行为、故意伤害行为(2018和2019年)、网络成瘾行为报告率城区均高于郊区(χ²=3.90~130.80)(P值均＜0.05)。2018—2022年中学生非故意伤害行为、故意伤害行为、物质滥用行为和网络成瘾行为标化率均呈现出下降趋势(APC值分别为-14.16，-13.43，-16.03，-8.48；t值分别为-6.94，-4.46，-11.98，-4.36，P值均＜0.05)。结论北京市2018—2022年中学生非故意伤害行为、故意伤害行为、物质滥用行为和网络成瘾行为均有改善，不良饮食行为和缺乏锻炼行为报告率较高且未出现下降趋势。应加强对中学生不良饮食行为和缺乏锻炼行为的干预，减少健康危险行为的发生。
- 危险行为 /
- 健康教育 /
- 年度变化百分比 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the status of health risk behaviors among middle school students in Beijing City from 2018 to 2022, in order to provide reference for scientific and effective intervention. Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, data of student health and associated factors monitoring among 84 712 middle school students from 16 districts of Beijing during 2018 to 2022 were compared regarding the differences of health risk behaviors among students in different groups by Chi-quare test. And their change trends were evaluated by annual percentage change (APC). Results In the five surveys during 2018 to 2022, reporting rates of unhealthy diet, unintentional injury, intentional injury, substance abuse and Internet addiction (only in 2018 and 2020) behaviors were higher in boys than in girls (χ²=4.91-297.52, P < 0.05).Reporting rate of physical inactivity behavior in girls was higher than that in boys (χ²=56.49-160.88, P < 0.05). Reporting rates of unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, unintentional injury (except 2021), substance abuse and Internet addiction (only in 2018 and 2019) behaviors were the highest in vocational high school, followed by general high school, and the lowest in junior middle school (χ²=23.30-1 285.98, P < 0.01). Intentional injury behavior was highest in junior high school, followed by vocational high school, and lowest in general high school (χ²=96.18-378.32, P < 0.01).Reporting rate of Internet addiction (2020-2022) behavior was highest in general high school, followed by vocational high school, and lowest in junior high school (χ²=16.93-60.11, P < 0.01). Reporting rates of unhealthy diet, intentional injury (2020 and 2022) and substance abuse (except 2018) behaviors were higher in suburban areas than in urban areas (χ²=6.70-117.56, P < 0.05). Reporting rates of physical inactivity, unintentional injury, intentional injury (2018 and 2019) and Internet addiction behaviors were higher in urban areas than in suburban areas (χ²=3.90-130.80, P < 0.05). Standardized rates of unintentional injury, intentional injury, substance abuse and Internet addiction behaviors showed a statistically significant downward trend from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-14.16, -13.43, -16.03, -8.48, t=-6.94, -4.46, -11.98, -4.36, P < 0.05). Conclusions During 2018-2022, unintentional injury, intentional injury, substance abuse and Internet addiction behaviors of middle school students in Beijing City have improved, and the reporting rates of unhealthy diet and physical inactivity behaviors are high and don't show a downward trend. Efforts should be made to strengthen intervention in unhealthy diet and physical inactivity behaviors among middle school students, in order to reduce the occurrence of health risk behaviors.
- Dangerous behavior /
- Health education /
- Annual percent of change /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 北京市中学生2018—2022年健康危险行为标化率变化状况

Figure 1. Status of standardization rate changes of health risk behaviors from 2018 to 2022 among middle school students in Beijing City

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表 1 北京市2018—2022年不同性别中学生健康危险行为报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of reporting rates of health risk behaviors of different genders among adolescents from 2018 to 2022 in Beijing City

年份	性别	人数	统计值	不良饮食行为	缺乏锻炼行为	非故意伤害行为	故意伤害行为	物质滥用行为	网络成瘾行为
2018	男	7 386		3 121(42.26)	1 994(27.00)	2 377(32.18)	4 053(54.87)	211(2.86)	864(11.70)
	女	6 673		2 073(31.07)	2 217(33.22)	1 696(25.42)	2 835(42.48)	28(0.42)	702(10.52)
			χ²值	188.44	64.78	78.01	215.34	124.61	4.91
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.03
2019	男	9 098		4 902(53.88)	2 937(32.28)	2 635(28.96)	3 665(40.28)	263(2.89)	895(9.84)
	女	8 551		3 997(46.74)	3 548(41.49)	1 793(20.97)	2 390(27.95)	36(0.42)	793(9.27)
			χ²值	89.82	160.88	149.88	297.52	161.44	1.62
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.20
2020	男	8 741		4 135(47.31)	2 614(29.91)	2 007(22.96)	3 291(37.65)	194(2.22)	783(8.96)
	女	8 424		3 508(41.64)	3 032(35.99)	1 388(16.48)	2 255(26.77)	23(0.27)	642(7.62)
			χ²值	55.69	72.02	113.67	232.24	130.20	10.07
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
2021	男	9 441		4 110(43.53)	2 562(27.14)	1 910(20.23)	3 309(35.05)	184(1.95)	743(7.87)
	女	8 668		2 975(34.32)	3 059(35.29)	1 253(14.46)	2 087(24.08)	29(0.33)	624(7.20)
			χ²值	161.01	140.36	104.56	260.08	101.32	2.92
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.09
2022	男	9 234		4 184(45.31)	2 985(32.33)	1 868(20.23)	2 926(31.69)	179(1.94)	712(7.71)
	女	8 496		3 130(36.84)	3 204(37.71)	1 220(14.36)	2 026(23.85)	25(0.29)	655(7.71)
			χ²值	130.98	56.49	106.00	135.14	105.18	0.00
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	1.00
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 北京市2018—2022年不同学段中学生健康危险行为报告率比较

Table 2. Comparison of reporting rates of health risk behaviors of different stages among adolescents from 2018 to 2022 in Beijing City

年份	学段	人数	统计值	不良饮食行为	缺乏锻炼行为	非故意伤害行为	故意伤害行为	物质滥用行为	网络成瘾行为
2018	初中	7 592		2 344(30.87)	1 624(21.39)	2 107(27.75)	4 262(56.14)	38(0.50)	667(8.79)
	普高	4 967		1 919(38.63)	1 881(37.87)	1 458(29.35)	1 908(38.41)	78(1.57)	676(13.61)
	职高	1 500		931(62.07)	706(47.07)	508(33.87)	718(47.87)	123(8.20)	223(14.87)
			χ²值	532.55	623.04	23.30	378.32	445.11	94.18
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
2019	初中	8 405		3 361(39.99)	2 132(25.37)	1 957(23.28)	3 272(38.93)	47(0.56)	676(8.04)
	普高	5 877		3 066(52.17)	2 358(40.12)	1 563(26.60)	1 648(28.04)	61(1.04)	634(10.79)
	职高	3 367		2 472(73.42)	1 995(59.25)	908(26.97)	1 135(33.71)	191(5.67)	378(11.23)
			χ²值	1 085.50	1 230.87	27.99	182.58	400.21	43.42
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
2020	初中	8 314		2 919(35.11)	1 952(23.48)	1 548(18.62)	3 136(37.72)	52(0.63)	621(7.47)
	普高	5 571		2 652(47.60)	2 097(37.64)	1 060(19.03)	1 413(25.36)	40(0.72)	535(9.60)
	职高	3 280		2 072(63.17)	1 597(48.69)	787(23.99)	997(30.40)	125(3.81)	269(8.20)
			χ²值	781.44	761.51	45.76	239.65	210.93	20.01
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
2021	初中	8 555		2 358(27.56)	1 743(20.37)	1 458(17.04)	2 868(33.52)	32(0.37)	517(6.04)
	普高	6 255		2 655(42.45)	2 259(36.12)	976(15.60)	1 533(24.51)	42(0.67)	590(9.43)
	职高	3 299		2 072(62.81)	1 619(49.08)	729(22.10)	995(30.16)	139(4.21)	260(7.88)
			χ²值	1 285.98	1 031.27	65.21	140.66	322.87	60.11
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
2022	初中	8 221		2 496(30.36)	1 976(24.04)	1 307(15.90)	2 537(30.86)	18(0.22)	576(7.01)
	普高	6 055		2 651(43.78)	2 369(39.12)	1 044(17.24)	1 421(23.47)	55(0.91)	535(8.84)
	职高	3 454		2 167(62.74)	1 844(53.39)	737(21.34)	994(28.78)	131(3.79)	256(7.41)
			χ²值	1 076.34	994.14	50.22	96.18	277.86	16.93
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 3 北京市2018—2022年不同生源地中学生健康危险行为报告率比较

Table 3. Comparison of reporting rates of health risk behaviors of different regions among adolescents from 2018 to 2022 in Beijing City

年份	生源地	人数	统计值	不良饮食行为	缺乏锻炼行为	非故意伤害行为	故意伤害行为	物质滥用行为	网络成瘾行为
2018	城区	6 807		2 497(36.68)	2 215(32.54)	2 131(31.31)	3 395(49.88)	128(1.88)	832(12.22)
	郊区	7 252		2 697(37.19)	1 996(27.52)	1 942(26.78)	3 493(48.17)	111(1.53)	734(10.12)
			χ²值	0.39	42.12	34.97	4.10	2.57	15.66
			P值	0.53	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.04	0.11	＜0.01
2019	城区	7 651		3 586(46.87)	2 930(38.30)	2 246(29.36)	2 769(36.19)	91(1.19)	770(10.06)
	郊区	9 998		5 313(53.14)	3 555(35.56)	2 182(21.82)	3 286(32.87)	208(2.08)	918(9.18)
			χ²值	68.18	13.99	130.80	21.26	20.66	3.90
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.05
2020	城区	7 908		3 247(41.06)	2 715(34.33)	1 702(21.52)	2 476(31.31)	52(0.66)	663(8.38)
	郊区	9 257		4 396(47.49)	2 931(31.66)	1 693(18.29)	3 070(33.16)	165(1.78)	762(8.23)
			χ²值	71.36	13.77	28.11	6.70	43.23	0.13
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.01	＜0.01	0.72
2021	城区	8 032		2 794(34.79)	2 687(33.45)	1 582(19.70)	2 398(29.86)	61(0.76)	640(7.97)
	郊区	10 077		4 291(42.58)	2 934(29.12)	1 581(15.69)	2 998(29.75)	152(1.51)	727(7.21)
			χ²值	114.06	39.29	49.78	0.02	21.57	3.64
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.88	＜0.01	0.06
2022	城区	7 891		2 902(36.78)	2 866(36.32)	1 518(19.24)	2 126(26.94)	53(0.67)	674(8.54)
	郊区	9 839		4 412(44.84)	3 323(33.77)	1 570(15.96)	2 826(28.72)	151(1.53)	693(7.04)
			χ²值	117.56	12.49	32.76	6.90	28.68	13.81
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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