耳机使用对14~28岁学生听力损伤的影响因素分析

万婷月; 陈俊江; 吴志力; 伍亚舟; 宋秋月

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.026

耳机使用对14~28岁学生听力损伤的影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.026

陆军军医大学军事预防医学系军队卫生统计学教研室, 重庆 400038

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 82173621

详细信息

作者简介:
万婷月(2003-), 女, 江西省人, 在读本科生

通讯作者:
宋秋月, E-mail: 1658854725@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R764 R179 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-29
- 修回日期: 2023-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-25

The associated factors of earphone usage on hearing impairment among students aged 14 to 28

Military Health Statistics Teaching and Research Office, Department of Military Preventive Healthcare, Army Medical University, Chongqing (400038), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨14~28岁学生耳机使用与听力损伤的关系及其影响因素, 为指导该人群合理使用耳机、预防听力损伤提供参考依据。方法通过问卷星平台进行横断面调查研究, 于2022年4月3日至5月1日采用滚雪球抽样方式在全国范围内调查983名14~28岁学生耳机使用情况及其听力状况。采用χ²检验对影响听力的指标进行筛选, 采用Logistic回归模型对筛选出的影响因素进行多因素分析。结果共检出听力损伤者366名, 占37.23%。单因素分析显示, 性别、耳机每次使用时间、习惯使用的耳机音量、是否带耳机入睡、耳机更换频率组间的听力损伤报告率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为6.03, 6.86, 14.87, 12.22, 11.15, P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明, 女生(OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.10~1.88)、习惯使用的耳机音量足够大(OR=3.08, 95%CI=1.56~6.08)、耳机每次使用>1.5~3 h(OR=1.44, 95%CI=1.04~1.99)、戴耳机入睡(OR=1.53, 95%CI=1.11~2.11)与听力损伤发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05);更换耳机频率为4~ < 6个月(OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.17~0.86)、更换耳机≥6个月(OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.18~0.85)与听力损伤发生呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论耳机使用习惯对14~28岁学生听力有影响。使用耳机时建议缩短耳机使用时间, 降低耳机音量, 避免戴着耳机入睡、频繁更换耳机。
- 听力受损者 /
- 工具使用行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the use of earphone and hearing impairment and its influencing factors among students aged 14-28, so as to provide a reference for appropriate earphone usage and hearing impairment prevention. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted through the questionnaire star platform, and 983 students aged 14 to 28 were recruited across China by snowball-sampling during April 3 to May 1, 2022. The χ² test was used to identify indicators affecting hearing, the Logistic regression model was used to further selection. Results There were 366 students with hearing impairment, accounting for 37.23%. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in hearing impairment by gender, earphone usage duration and volume, wearing during sleep, and replacement frequency (χ²=6.03, 6.86, 14.87, 12.22, 11.15, P < 0.05). The Logistic regression model analysis showed that girls (OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.10-1.88), maximum earphone volume (OR=3.08, 95%CI=1.56-6.08), earphone usage for >1.5-3 h each time (OR=1.44, 95%CI=1.04-1.99), sleep with headphone (OR=1.53, 95%CI=1.11-2.11) were positively associated with hearing impairment (P < 0.05), earphone replacement every 4- < 6 months (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.17-0.86) and earphone replacement every six months or longer (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.18-0.85) were negatively associated with hearing impairment (P < 0.05). Conclusion Students aged 14 to 28 earphone usage shows adverse impact on hearing. When using earphone, it is recommended to limit time spent on earphone usage, low the volume of earphone, avoid sleeping with earphone and replace earphone frequently.
- Hearing impaired presons /
- Tool use behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 14~28岁学生听力损伤单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of hearing impairment among students aged 14 to 28

组别	选项	人数	听力损伤人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	450	149(33.1)	6.03	0.01
	女	533	217(40.7)
学历	高中及以下	96	46(47.9)	2.13	0.09
	本科及以上	887	320(36.1)
使用耳机的类型	仅使用1种	613	230(37.5)	0.58	0.81
	使用2种及以上	370	136(36.8)
采用的耳机价格	＜99	57	23(40.4)	0.25	0.62
/元	≥99	926	343(37.0)
使用耳机年限/年	≤2.5	227	83(36.6)	3.02	0.39
	＞2.5~5	402	145(36.1)
	＞5~7.5	162	70(43.2)
	＞7.5	192	68(35.4)
耳机每周使用	1~2	207	76(36.7)	1.56	0.46
频率/d	3~5	310	124(40.0)
	6~7	466	166(35.6)
耳机每次使用	≤1.5	276	85(30.8)	6.86	0.03
时间/h	＞1.5~3	469	185(39.4)
	＞3	238	96(40.3)
耳机使用习惯	双耳	640	235(36.7)	1.39	0.71
	单耳(左耳)	53	17(32.1)
	单耳(右耳)	70	29(41.4)
	习惯单耳，惯用耳不固定	220	85(38.6)
习惯使用的耳机	能听清楚	771	267(34.6)	14.87	＜0.01
音量	超过环境音量	173	75(43.4)
	足够大	39	24(61.5)
耳机使用是否开启	是	583	218(37.4)	0.16	0.90
降噪模式	否	400	148(37.0)
是否带耳机入睡	是	220	104(47.3)	12.22	＜0.01
	否	763	262(34.3)
耳机更换频率/月	＜1	29	17(58.6)	11.15	0.01
	1~＜4	138	62(44.9)
	4~＜6	193	72(37.3)
	≥6	623	215(34.5)
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 14~28岁学生听力损伤的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=983)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of hearing impairment among students aged 14 to 28(n=983)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	P值	OR值(95%CI)
性别	男				1.00
	女	0.36	6.94	0.01	1.43(1.10~1.88)
习惯使用的耳机	能听清楚				1.00
音量	超过环境音量	0.33	3.54	0.06	1.39(0.99~1.96)
	足够大	1.13	10.57	＜0.01	3.08(1.56~6.08)
是否戴耳机入睡	否				1.00
	是	0.43	6.78	0.01	1.53(1.11~2.11)
耳机更换频率/月	＜1				1.00
	1~＜4	-0.60	2.02	0.16	0.55(0.24~1.26)
	4~＜6	-0.97	5.44	0.02	0.38(0.17~0.86)
	≥6	-0.94	5.66	0.02	0.39(0.18~0.85)
耳机每次使用时间	≤1.5				1.00
/h	>1.5~3	0.36	4.83	0.03	1.44(1.04~1.99)
	＞3	0.27	1.99	0.16	1.31(0.90~1.92)

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