Association between body mass index and physical fitness index among secondary school students in Jiangxi Province
-
摘要:
目的 测量中学生体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)并分析其与力量素质指数的关联,为改善中学生体质健康状况提供参考依据。 方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法,于2022年9月选取江西省6座城市(赣州、吉安、抚州、南昌、上饶、九江)3 813名中学生作为研究对象,采用问卷和体质测试收集中学生基本信息并评估学生的营养状况及力量素质。以性别、年龄进行分层,采用Kruska-Wallis H检验比较不同BMI等级中学生握力、仰卧起坐、立定跳远成绩和力量素质指数差异,运用曲线回归分析推断体质量指数与力量素质指数的关联性。 结果 不同BMI等级的男、女生(总体)力量素质指数差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为56.79,8.84,P值均<0.05)。除13岁组别外,其余年龄男生不同BMI等级力量素质指数差异均有统计学意义(14岁,H=22.21;15岁,H=16.23;16岁,H=17.98;17岁,H=18.21;18岁,H=8.08),女生仅14岁年龄组不同BMI等级力量素质指数差异有统计学意义(H=9.11)(P值均<0.05)。曲线回归分析拟合曲线图表明,中学生(男生、女生)力量素质指数与BMI呈倒U形曲线,力量素质指数在BMI(Z-score)中间区域较高,在两端区域较低,同时呈现中间向两端递减趋势。 结论 江西省中学生BMI与力量素质指数存在关联,消瘦和超重肥胖与力量素质指数呈负相关。应关注中学生营养状况,保障其力量素质正常发展。 Abstract:Objective To measure the body mass index (BMI) of secondary school students and analyze its association with the physical fitness index, so as to improve the physical health of middle school students. Methods Using a randomized cluster stratified sampling method, 3 813 secondary school students from six cities (Ganzhou, Ji'an, Fuzhou, Nanchang, Shangrao and Jiujiang) in Jiangxi Province, China, were selected in September 2022. Questionnaire survey was administered to obtain basic information and to assess the nutritional status and physical fitness tests were conducted among secondary school students. The study was stratified by gender and age, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences in the mean values of grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump performance and strength quality among secondary school students with different BMI levels, while the correlation between BMI and strength quality index was inferred by using curve regression analysis. Results There was statistical significance in the strength quality index of middle school students with different BMI level (H=56.79, 8.84, P < 0.05). Except 13 years old group, the difference of physical fitness by BMI grade strength quality index of boys in other age groups was statistically significant (H=22.21, 16.23, 17.98, 18.21, 8.08), while the difference of physical fitness by BMI of girls at 14 years old was statistically significant (H=9.11)(P < 0.05). The curve fitting using regression showed that the physical fitness index and BMI of middle school students (boys and girls) show an inverted U-shaped curve. The physical fitness index was higher in the middle region of BMI (Z-score) and lower in the two end regions, while showing a decreasing trend from the middle to the two ends. Conclusion An association is found between BMI and physical fitness among secondary school students in Jiangxi Province, and wasting and overweight/obesity are negatively correlated with physical fitness. Greater attention should be paid to the nutritional status of secondary school students to ensure the normal development of physical fitness. -
Key words:
- Body mass index /
- Physical fitness /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同性别不同BMI等级中学生在各年龄段的力量素质指数比较[M(P25, P75)]
Table 1. Comparison of mean strength and diathesis index of different sexual and BMI level in middle school students[M(P25, P75)]
性别 营养状况 人数 统计值 13岁 14岁 15岁 16岁 17岁 18岁 合计 男 消瘦 342 -0.80(-2.01, 0.12) -0.54(-1.49, 0.71) 0.56(-0.09, 2.00) 1.08(0.31, 2.41) 1.46(0.04, 2.47) 1.61(0.46, 2.77) 0.69(-0.73, 2.10) 正常 1 359 -0.66(-1.78, 0.91) 0.66(-0.58, 1.67) 1.57(0.24, 2.79) 2.20(0.81, 3.24) 2.45(1.11, 3.60) 2.55(1.28, 3.61) 1.47(-0.08, 2.85) 超重 187 -0.72(-1.89, 0.63) 0.53(-0.82, 2.10) 1.83(0.50, 3.62) 1.44(-0.13, 1.81) 1.17(0.04, 3.33) 1.80(0.74, 3.21) 1.06(-0.48, 2.10) 肥胖 78 -0.92(-1.59, 0.40) -1.00(-1.52, -0.56) 0.08(-2.05, 1.17) 0.48(-0.01, 1.26) 1.30(-0.18, 2.12) 3.57(0.75, 4.33) -0.11(-1.11, 1.35) H值 1.85 22.21 16.23 17.98 18.21 8.08 56.79 P值 0.60 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.05 <0.01 女 消瘦 208 -2.32(-3.01, -0.92) -1.94(-2.59, -0.90) -1.27(-2.89, 0.51) -1.42(-2.07, -0.34) -0.78(-1.92, 0.55) -0.71(-1.58, 0.28) -1.42(-2.40, -0.07) 正常 1 498 -2.03(-3.14, -0.90) -1.54(-2.90, -0.40) -1.49(-2.37, -0.31) -1.17(-2.06, -0.22) -0.77(-1.68, 0.14) -0.78(-1.51, 0.37) -1.24(-2.32, -0.18) 超重 97 -1.67(-2.31, 0.43) -2.89(-3.88, -1.92) -1.47(-2.36, -0.18) -1.92(-2.42, -0.52) -1.27(-2.01, -0.55) -1.48(-2.48, 0.37) -1.82(-2.70, -0.59) 肥胖 44 -3.42(-3.78, -2.03) -1.48(-1.90, -1.22) -1.15(-2.09, -1.01) -1.16(-2.08, -0.28) -0.24(-1.32, 0.21) -1.33(-1.61, -0.84) -1.53(-2.21, -0.66) H值 4.56 9.11 0.07 2.10 3.44 2.74 8.84 P值 0.21 <0.05 1.00 0.55 0.33 0.43 <0.05 -
[1] 张春超, 庞威, 张斐, 等. 不同高海拔地区藏族中学生心肺耐力及其与体质量指数的关联[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(6): 901-905. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.025ZHANG C C, PANG W, ZHANG F, et al. Comparison of cardiopulmonary endurance of Tibetan middle school students in different high altitude areas and its correlation with body mass index[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(6): 901-905. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.025 [2] ENG A, DENSION H J, CORBIN M, 等. 长时间工作、久坐不动、噪声、夜班与缺血性心脏病风险的关系[J]. 中华高血压杂志, 2022, 30(11): 1079. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGZ202211028.htmENG A, DENSION H J, CORBIN M, et al. Relationship between long working hours, sedentary behavior, noise, night shift and risk of ischemic heart disease[J]. Chin J Hyperten, 2022, 30(11): 1079. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGZ202211028.htm [3] 王广城. 不同体力活动水平对高校青年教师身体健康的影响. 郑州: 河南大学, 2022.WANG G C. Effects of different levels of physical activity on the physical health of young teachers in colleges and universities. Zhengzhou: Henan University, 2022. (in Chinese) [4] 蔺威鸣, 王国秀, 袁超, 等. 肥胖与消瘦人群饮食规律、生活习惯调查[J]. 疾病控制杂志, 2008, 13(1): 14-16. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ200801013.htmLIN W M, WANG G X, YUAN C, et al. Study on dietary rules and life habits of obesity and wasting[J]. J Dis Contr, 2008, 13(1): 14-16. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ200801013.htm [5] 万妮娜. 青少年不同生活方式与超重肥胖的相关性调查[J]. 中国民康医学, 2017, 29(23): 94-95. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZMYX201723042.htmWAN N N. A survey on the relationship between overweight and obesity and different lifestyles in adolescents[J]. Med J Chin People's Health, 2017, 29(23): 94-95. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZMYX201723042.htm [6] 万青青, 张强, 万蓉, 等. 2016—2017年云南省5岁以下儿童营养不良状况及影响因素[J]. 卫生研究, 2022, 51(1): 51-55. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSYJ202201007.htmWAN Q Q, ZHANG Q, WAN R, et al. Status of malnutrition and its influencing factors in children under 5 years old in Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2017[J]. J Hyg Res, 2022, 51(1): 51-55. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSYJ202201007.htm [7] 赵胜. 上海市中小学生久坐行为与身体质量指数和体质的关系研究. 上海: 上海体育学院, 2019.ZHAO S. Relationship between sedentary behaviour and body mass index, physical fitness of primary school and junior middle school students in Shanghai. Shanghai: Shanghai Sports University, 2019. (in Chinese) [8] 张玲玲, 熊家豪, 王纪川, 等. 长沙市大学生外卖食品消费现状及其与超重肥胖的关联[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2020, 24(9): 1027-1031. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ202009008.htmZHANG L L, XIONG J H, WANG J C, et al. The current situation of college students' take-out food consumption and its correlation with overweight and obesity in Changsha City[J]. Chin J Dis Contr Prev, 2020, 24(9): 1027-1031. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ202009008.htm [9] 葛瑞山, 高利英. 对中小学生超重、肥胖与其不良生活方式的相关性分析[J]. 当代医药论丛, 2020, 18(3): 73-74. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QYWA202003053.htmGE R S, GAO L Y. Analysis of the correlation between overweight and obesity of primary and secondary school students and their unhealthy lifestyle[J]. Contemp Med Sympos, 2020, 18(3): 73-74. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QYWA202003053.htm [10] 苑立新. 儿童蓝皮书: 中国儿童发展报告(2021)[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2021.YUAN L X. Children's blue book: China child development report (2021)[M]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2021. (in Chinese) [11] 张艺玲, 赖圳宾, 邱爱明, 等. 厦门市中小学生营养状况与身体素质指标的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(8): 1212-1215. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.021ZHANG Y L, LAI Z B, QIU A M, et al. Association between nutritional status and indicators of physical fitness and physical capacity among primary and secondary school students in Xiamen[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2021, 42(8): 1212-1215. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.021 [12] 郑冬华, 毕存箭, 尹小俭, 等. 中国日本儿童青少年体质量指数与心肺耐力的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(11): 1620-1623, 1628. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.11.006ZHENG D H, BI C J, YIN X J, et al. Relationship between body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness in Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(11): 1620-1623, 1628. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.11.006 [13] 徐威. 大学生BMI指数与身体机能和身体素质指标的相关性研究. 太原: 中北大学, 2022.XU W. Research on the correlation between BMI index and physical function and physical quality index of college students. Taiyuan: North Central University, 2022. (in Chinese) [14] 罗文广. 江西省普通高校大学生BMI与体质健康状况相关性研究. 南昌: 华东交通大学, 2016.LUO W G. Research on the relationship between undergraduate' BMI and the body health in Jiangxi Province. Nanchang: East China Jiaotong University, 2016. (in Chinese) [15] 袁爱国, 赵柳银, 陈松娥. 发展体能素质的方法研究[J]. 当代体育科技, 2022, 12(9): 41-45. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ202209011.htmYUAN A G, ZHAO L Y, CHEN S E. Research on methods of developing physical quality[J]. Contemp Sports Technol, 2022, 12(9): 41-45. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ202209011.htm [16] 杨洁, 张霈. 天津市2015—2018年大学男生上肢力量动态变化趋势分析[J]. 体育科技, 2021, 42(3): 106-107, 109. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKJ202103039.htmYANG J, ZHANG P. Dynamic change trend of upper body strength of male college students in Tianjin from 2015 to 2018[J]. Sports Sci Technol, 2021, 42(3): 106-107, 109. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKJ202103039.htm [17] 李诚, 余勇平, 雷艳娟. 中学生BMI与身体素质分析[J]. 当代体育科技, 2019, 9(34): 67-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201934039.htmLI C, YU Y P, LEI Y J. Analysis of BMI and physical fitness of middle school students[J]. Contemp Sports Technol, 2019, 9(34): 67-69. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201934039.htm [18] 洪煜. 核心力量训练对大学男生身体形态的影响[J]. 扬州教育学院学报, 2017, 35(3): 40-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YZJY201703009.htmHONG Y. The effect of core strength training on body shape of male college students[J]. J Yangzhou Coll Educ, 2017, 35(3): 40-42. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YZJY201703009.htm [19] 覃欣, 熊娟. LabVIEW数据处理中3σ准则的应用[J]. 中国测试, 2009, 35(5): 66-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYCS200905020.htmTAN X, XIONG J. Application of 3σ rule in LabVIEW data procession[J]. China Measur Test, 2009, 35(5): 66-69. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYCS200905020.htm [20] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查: WS/T 456—2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2014.National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC. Screening for malnutrition in school-age children and adolescents: WS/T 456-2014[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2014. (in Chinese) [21] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查: WS/T 586—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC. Screening for overweight and obesity in school-age children and adolescents: WS/T 586-2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese) [22] 仇大勇, 张燕, 张宏建, 等. 中学生静态行为与体质水平关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(7): 987-990. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.07.008QIU D Y, ZHANG Y, ZHANG H J, et al. Sedentary behaviors and physical fitness among middle school students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(7): 987-990. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.07.008 [23] 潘婷婷, 赵海萍, 张慧, 等. 宁夏地区2019年6~18岁儿童青少年营养状况与身体素质关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(7): 1079-1082, 1085. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.028PAN T T, ZHAO H P, ZHANG H, et al. Relationship between BMI nutritional status and physical fitness of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia in 2019[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(7): 1079-1082, 1085. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.028 [24] 王玮. 同期训练对肌肉力量、爆发力及体成分的影响. 太原: 中北大学, 2016.WANG W. The effect of concurrent training on muscular strength, explosive force and body composition. Taiyuan: North University of China, 2016. (in Chinese) [25] 黄哲聪. 蛋白质运动饮料对竞技运动员力量和耐力素质的影响[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2022, 43(19): 235-236. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPYK202219038.htmHUANG Z C. Influence of protein sports drink on strength and endurance quality of competitive athletes[J]. Food Res Dev, 2022, 43(19): 235-236. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPYK202219038.htm [26] 张波. 青年女大学生骨密度与身体素质水平的相关性研究. 武汉: 华中师范大学, 2011.ZHANG B. Female college students' physical quality levelof bone mineral density and correlation studies. Wuhan: Central China Normal University, 2011. (in Chinese) [27] 郭梦文. 体育教育专业力量与体重的相关分析[J]. 冰雪体育创新研究, 2020, 11(11): 57-58. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYT202011029.htmGUO M W. The correlation analysis between physical education major strength and body weight[J]. Innovat Res Ice Snow Sports, 2020, 11(11): 57-58. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYT202011029.htm [28] 邱烈峰, 肖爽. 大学生体质量指数(BMI)与身体机能和身体素质相关性的研究[J]. 吉林体育学院学报, 2014, 30(6): 69-73. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JLTY201406014.htmQIU L F, XIAO S. Correlation study on college students' body mass index (BMI) body function and physical fitness[J]. J Jilin Sport Univ, 2014, 30(6): 69-73. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JLTY201406014.htm [29] 王少春, 闻一平. 不同BMI等级大学生间身体素质的比较研究[J]. 中国体育科技, 2007, 49(5): 72-74, 93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTY200705015.htmWANG S C, WEN Y P. Comparative study of college students' physical quality between different BMI grade[J]. J Chin Sports Sci Technol, 2007, 49(5): 72-74, 93. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTY200705015.htm [30] 薛建新, 张锦. 关于青少年体育课"倦怠"受制因素的思考[J]. 青少年体育, 2017, 6(2): 68-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QSTY201702037.htmXUE J X, ZHANG J. Consideration on the restraining factors of "Burnout" in teenagers' physical education class[J]. Youth Sports, 2017, 6(2): 68-69. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QSTY201702037.htm [31] 林延敏, 王吉林, 宝音巴图. 体质指数对山西省青少年身体素质的影响分析[J]. 体育科技, 2020, 41(3): 63-65. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKJ202003028.htmLIN Y M, WANG J L, BAO Y B T. Analysis on the influence of body mass index on the physical fitness of teenagers in Shanxi Province[J]. Sports Sci Technol, 2020, 41(3): 63-65. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKJ202003028.htm [32] 高娜. 有氧运动结合力量训练对超重和肥胖大学生血脂及体成分的影响. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古师范大学, 2022.GAO N. Effects of aerobic exercise combined with strength training on blood lipid and body composition of overweight and obese college students. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Normal University, 2022. (in Chinese) [33] 王政和, 董彦会, 阳益德, 等. 多频生物电阻抗法与双能X线吸收法测量成年超重、肥胖人群全身肌肉含量的一致性分析[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2017, 51(3): 215-219. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSYJ201603036.htmWANG Z H, DONG Y H, YANG Y D, et al. Comparison BMC assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance in Chinese overweight and obesity adults[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2017, 51(3): 215-219. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSYJ201603036.htm [34] 林长地, 林家仕. 心肺耐力、体力活动、代谢综合征以及肥胖对炎症因子影响的横断面研究[J]. 西安体育学院学报, 2016, 33(3): 343-350. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XATY201603015.htmLIN C D, LIN J S. A cross-sectional study of cardiopulmonary endurance, physical activity, metabolic syndrome and obesity on inflammatory cytokines[J]. J Xi'an Phys Educ Univ, 2016, 33(3): 343-350. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XATY201603015.htm [35] 张首文. 少年儿童力量素质年龄特征及其训练方法初探[J]. 当代体育科技, 2018, 8(33): 37-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201833024.htmZHANG S W. A preliminary study on the age characteristics and training methods of strength quality of children[J]. Contemp Sports Technol, 2018, 8(33): 37-38. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201833024.htm