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上海市中学生健康危险行为聚集模式分析

朱艳 史慧静 罗春燕

朱艳, 史慧静, 罗春燕. 上海市中学生健康危险行为聚集模式分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2023, 44(8): 1145-1150. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.006
引用本文: 朱艳, 史慧静, 罗春燕. 上海市中学生健康危险行为聚集模式分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2023, 44(8): 1145-1150. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.006
ZHU Yan, SHI Huijing, LUO Chunyan. Cluster analysis of health risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2023, 44(8): 1145-1150. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.006
Citation: ZHU Yan, SHI Huijing, LUO Chunyan. Cluster analysis of health risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2023, 44(8): 1145-1150. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.006

上海市中学生健康危险行为聚集模式分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.006
基金项目: 

上海市第五轮公共卫生三年行动计划重点学科项目 GWV-10.1-XK08

2022—2024年健康上海行动项目 JKSHZX-2022-10

详细信息
    作者简介:

    朱艳(1981-),女,河南光山人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为疾病预防与控制

    通讯作者:

    罗春燕,E-mail:luochunyan@scdc.sh.cn

  • 利益冲突声明  所有作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 中图分类号: C913.5  R179  B844.2

Cluster analysis of health risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai

  • 摘要:   目的  探索上海市中学生健康危险行为聚集模式,为实施针对性的干预措施提供依据。  方法  于2021年5—6月采用分层随机整群抽样方法从上海市不同学段中抽取21所初中、普通高中及中职学校,采取学生自填问卷的形式调查6 092名学生健康危险行为的发生情况。样本聚类分析采用Ward离差和平方法。  结果  共发现3类聚集特征:受欺凌郁闷组(1 004名,16.5%),以被欺凌、心情郁闷(64.9%)、孤独感(48.2%)、失眠(42.4%)等为主要特征;电子游戏超时及不健康饮食组(1 585名,26.0%),以玩电子游戏超时(53.1%)及含糖饮料(89.3%)、油炸食物摄入(79.0%)为主要特征;低吸烟饮酒组(3 503名,57.5%),以“0”饮酒率和极低吸烟率(0.4%)为主要特征。3组学生的含糖饮料摄入、油炸食物摄入、体力活动不足、被恶意取笑、被索取财物、被孤立/被有意排挤在集体活动之外、被威胁恐吓、被踢/打/推/挤或关屋里、吸烟、不健康减肥、玩电子游戏超时报告率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为36.74,41.85,30.07,652.68,334.40,669.89,358.84,233.12,101.46,88.45,230.15,P值均 < 0.01),3组学生的孤独感、心情郁闷、失眠和饮酒报告率差异均有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率,P值均 < 0.01)。受欺凌郁闷组初中生、普通高中学生、女生较多;电子游戏超时及不健康饮食组中男生、普通高中及初中生居多。  结论  上海市中学生健康危险行为存在聚集,集中表现在不良生活方式及心理健康两大方面。可根据健康相关危险行为聚集的特征实施针对性的干预措施,以提高干预效果。
    1)  利益冲突声明  所有作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 图  1  上海市中学生健康危险行为聚集模式特征

    Figure  1.  Characteristics of health risk behavior aggregation patterns of secondary school students in Shanghai City

    表  1  上海市不同人口统计学特征青少年健康危险行为报告率比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of reported health risk behaviors among adolescents in different demographic characteristics in Shanghai City

    人口统计学指标 人数 统计值 摄入含糖饮料 摄入油炸食物 体力活动不足 孤独感 心情郁闷 失眠 被恶意取笑 被索取财物
    性别 3 234 2 736(84.6) 2 368(73.2) 899(27.8) 353(10.9) 561(17.4) 285(8.8) 851(26.3) 144(4.5)
    2 858 2 435(85.2) 2 093(73.2) 1 242(43.5) 412(14.4) 778(27.2) 313(11.0) 525(18.4) 65(2.3)
    χ2 0.42 0.00 163.21 16.93 86.27 7.84 54.77 21.73
    P 0.52 0.99 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    学段 初中 3 084 2 537(82.3) 2 045(66.3) 825(26.8) 380(12.3) 707(22.9) 330(10.7) 805(26.1) 103(3.3)
    普通高中 1 994 1 716(86.1) 1 610(80.7) 867(43.5) 286(14.3) 561(28.1) 188(9.4) 374(18.8) 74(3.7)
    中职校 1 014 918(90.5) 806(79.5) 449(44.3) 99(9.8) 71(7.0) 80(7.9) 197(19.4) 32(3.2)
    χ2 43.86 152.98 193.24 13.16 178.30 7.31 44.32 0.78
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.03 < 0.01 0.68
    人口统计学指标 人数 统计值 被孤立/被有意排挤在集体活动之外 被恐吓威胁 被踢/打/推/挤或关屋里 吸烟 饮酒 不健康减肥 玩电子游戏超时
    性别 3 234 329(10.2) 203(6.3) 189(5.8) 79(2.4) 563(17.4) 1 152(35.6) 1 402(43.4)
    2 858 304(10.6) 91(3.2) 80(2.8) 30(1.1) 392(13.7) 1 471(51.5) 892(31.2)
    χ2 0.35 31.60 33.33 16.76 15.65 155.42 95.27
    P 0.55 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    学段 初中 3 084 382(12.4) 179(5.8) 171(5.5) 33(1.1) 327(10.6) 1 246(40.4) 802(26.0)
    普通高中 1 994 168(8.4) 85(4.3) 68(3.4) 27(1.4) 422(21.2) 940(47.1) 727(36.5)
    中职校 1 014 83(8.2) 30(3.0) 30(3.0) 49(4.8) 206(20.3) 437(43.1) 765(75.4)
    χ2 26.76 15.50 19.19 64.67 121.97 22.44 796.29
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    注:()内数字为报告率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  上海市不同聚集模式行为组青少年健康危险行为报告率比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of reported health risk behaviors among adolescents in different behavior clusters in Shanghai City

    组别 人数 含糖饮料摄入 油炸食物摄入 体力活动不足 孤独感 心情郁闷 失眠 被恶意取笑 被索取财物
    受欺凌郁闷组 1 004 858(85.5) 744(74.1) 428(42.6) 484(48.2) 652(64.9) 426(42.4) 535(53.3) 130(13.0)
    电子游戏超时及不健康饮食组 1 585 1 415(89.3) 1 252(79.0) 545(34.4) 78(4.9) 188(11.9) 57(3.6) 292(18.4) 39(2.5)
    低吸烟饮酒组 3 503 2 898(82.7) 2 465(70.4) 1 168(33.3) 203(5.8) 499(14.2) 115(3.3) 115(15.7) 40(1.1)
    χ2 36.74 41.85 30.07 652.68 334.40
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01* < 0.01* < 0.01* < 0.01 < 0.01
    组别 人数 被孤立/被有意排挤在集体活动之外 被威胁恐吓 被踢/打/推/挤或关屋里 吸烟 饮酒 不健康减肥 玩电子游戏超时
    受欺凌郁闷组 1 004 333(33.2) 166(16.5) 135(13.5) 46(4.6) 380(37.9) 555(55.3) 370(36.9)
    电子游戏超时及不健康饮食组 1 585 90(5.7) 42(2.7) 48(3.0) 50(3.2) 575(36.3) 708(44.7) 842(53.1)
    低吸烟饮酒组 3 503 210(6.0) 86(2.5) 86(2.5) 13(0.4) 0 1 360(38.8) 1 082(30.9)
    χ2 669.89 358.84 233.12 101.46 88.45 230.15
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01* < 0.01 < 0.01
    注:*为Fisher精确概率法;()内数字为报告率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  上海市中学生不同特征构成在各健康危险行为组间比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of different types of homeowners among different health risk behavior group among middle school students in Shanghai City

    特征 选项 受欺凌郁闷组(n=1 004) 电子游戏超时及不健康饮食组(n=1 585) 低吸烟饮酒组(n=3 503) χ2 P
    性别 463(46.1) 984(62.1) 1 787(51.0) 77.13 < 0.01
    541(53.9) 601(37.9) 1 716(49.0)
    学段 初中 478(47.6) 528(33.3) 2 078(59.3) 348.22 < 0.01
    普高 415(41.3) 669(42.2) 910(26.0)
    中职 111(11.1) 388(24.5) 515(14.7)
    兄弟姐妹个数 0 723(72.0) 1 201(75.8) 2 591(74.0) 5.10 0.28
    1~2 268(26.7) 370(23.3) 872(24.9)
    ≥3 13(1.3) 14(0.9) 40(1.1)
    母亲文化程度 初中及以下 197(19.6) 316(19.9) 638(18.2) 26.95 < 0.01
    高中/中专 215(21.4) 431(27.2) 781(22.3)
    大专 229(22.8) 344(21.7) 794(22.7)
    本科 311(31.0) 426(26.9) 1 090(31.1)
    研究生及以上 52(5.2) 68(4.3) 200(5.7)
    父亲文化程度 初中及以下 180(17.9) 290(18.3) 520(14.8) 27.81 < 0.01
    高中/中专 218(21.7) 424(26.8) 837(23.9)
    大专 208(20.7) 325(20.5) 803(22.9)
    本科 325(32.4) 445(28.1) 1 070(30.6)
    研究生及以上 73(7.3) 101(6.4) 273(7.8)
    是否住校 156(15.5) 290(18.3) 389(11.1) 51.13 < 0.01
    848(84.5) 1 295(81.7) 3 114(88.9)
    家庭类型 非重组 936(93.2) 1 493(94.2) 3 352(95.7) 11.93 < 0.01
    重组 68(6.8) 92(5.8) 151(4.3)
    家庭社会经济地位满意度 不满意 293(29.2) 316(19.9) 520(14.8) 169.92 < 0.01
    一般 363(36.2) 633(39.9) 1 163(33.2)
    满意 348(34.7) 636(40.1) 1 820(52.0)
    注:()内数字为构成比/%。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-12-23
  • 修回日期:  2023-04-11
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-08-26
  • 刊出日期:  2023-08-25

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