Excessive Internet and game use among children with different household registration in Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市小学四年级至初中二年级不同户籍儿童的网络过度使用、游戏过度使用状况及相关因素，为营造儿童数字媒体使用良好环境提供参考。 方法 采用多阶段抽样方法抽取上海市4所小学、4所初中的2 324名学生及家长进行问卷调查，内容包括基本人口学特征、网络成瘾诊断量表、游戏过度使用量表、家庭关怀度指数问卷等。 结果 儿童网络过度使用率为16.1%，游戏过度使用率为9.4%。家庭经济地位较低(OR=2.07)、网络使用动机为维持情绪唤醒型(OR=5.44)或满足社会功能型(OR=8.72)、好友一直打游戏(OR=2.21)、好友约打游戏(有时、经常、一直OR值分别为1.85, 2.56, 2.53)、家庭关怀度中度以上障碍(中度、严重OR值分别为2.62, 2.68)等与儿童网络过度使用均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。学生对学习缺乏信心(不大有信心、没有信心OR值分别为2.11, 4.14)、网络使用动机为维持情绪唤醒型(OR=4.82)或满足社会功能型(OR=6.09)、好友经常(OR=2.84)或一直打游戏(OR=3.92)、家庭关怀度中度以上障碍(中度、严重OR值分别为2.57, 2.16)与儿童游戏过度使用均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 不同户籍儿童网络及游戏过度使用状况差别不明显。建议重视同伴影响、家庭功能等因素，倡导学校、家庭共同营造儿童数字媒体使用的良好环境，促进儿童的健康发展。 Abstract:Objective To explore the status and related factors of excessive Internet and game use among primary and junior high school students with different household registration in Shanghai, and to provide a reference for creating healthy digital media usage family environment among children. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 324 students and their parents from 4 primary schools, 4 middle schools in Shanghai. The sociodemographic characteristics, Internet Addiction Test, Game addiction scale and Family APGAR Index were investigated. Results Excessive internet use rate and the excessive game use rate was 16.1% and 9.4%, respectively. Low family economic status(OR=2.07), motivation type of Internet use to maintain emotional arousal (OR=5.44) or to satisfy social function(OR=8.72), peer all the time gaming use(OR=2.21), peer gaming invitation(OR=1.85, 2.56, 2.53), family dysfunction above moderate(OR=2.62, 2.68) were positively associated with excessive internet use(P < 0.05). Lack of confidence in their studies(OR=2.11, 4.14), motivation type of Internet use to maintain emotional arousal(OR=4.82) or to satisfy social function(OR=6.09), peer often(OR=2.84) or all the time gaming use(OR=3.92), family dysfunction above moderate(OR=2.57, 2.16) were associated with excessive game use(P < 0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference in the excessive Internet and game use among children with different household registration.It is suggested that should attach importance to peer influence and family function, advocate schools and families to create a good environment for children's digital media use, and promote children's healthy development. -
Key words:
- Internet /
- Video games /
- Behavior, addictive /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
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表 1 不同户籍儿童家庭社会经济特征分布比较
Table 1. Comparison of the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents among children with different household registration
户籍 父亲文化程度 母亲文化程度 家长自评经济状况 人数 初中及以下 高中或中专 大专及以上 人数 初中及以下 高中或中专 大专及以上 人数 比较好 中等 比较差 外地农村 937 586(62.5) 253(27.0) 98(10.5) 930 702(75.5) 171(18.4) 57(6.1) 903 41(4.5) 726(80.4) 136(15.1) 外地城镇 360 135(37.5) 103(28.6) 122(33.9) 358 159(44.4) 94(26.3) 105(29.3) 356 31(8.7) 300(84.3) 25(7.0) 上海 857 126(14.7) 253(29.5) 478(55.8) 855 166(19.4) 228(26.7) 461(53.9) 879 50(5.7) 761(86.6) 68(7.7) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。 
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表 2 不同户籍类型曾上网儿童家庭网络设备环境报告率比较
Table 2. Comparison of the network and electronic device accessibility at home among children with different household registration
户籍 自己有电脑 自己有智能手机 自己有平板电脑 人数 报告人数 人数 报告人数 人数 报告人数 外地农村 826 159(19.2) 826 468(56.7) 824 197(23.9) 外地城镇 345 68(19.7) 346 196(56.6) 346 99(28.6) 上海 845 218(25.8) 845 524(62.0) 845 360(42.6) 合计 2 016 445(22.1) 2 017 1 188(58.9) 2 015 656(32.6) χ2值 11.77 5.82 69.37 P值 < 0.01 0.05 < 0.01 注： ()内数字为报告率/%。部分应答项目存在缺失值。
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表 3 不同户籍类型儿童网络使用偏好类型与动机类型分布情况
Table 3. Comparison of characteristics of network usage among children with different household registration
户籍 网络使用偏好类型 网络使用动机类型 人数 娱乐型 社交型 信息型 交易型 不明显型 人数 维持情绪唤醒型 满足社会功能型 不明显型 外地农村 834 55(6.6) 39(4.7) 68(8.2) 109(13.1) 563(67.5) 817 122(14.9) 80(9.8) 615(75.3) 外地城镇 347 16(4.6) 31(8.9) 25(7.2) 44(12.7) 231(66.6) 338 43(12.7) 33(9.8) 262(77.5) 上海 848 56(6.6) 93(11.0) 97(11.4) 91(10.7) 511(60.3) 836 147(17.6) 97(11.6) 592(70.8) 合计 2 029 127(6.3) 163(8.0) 190(9.4) 244(12.0) 1305(64.3) 1 991 312(15.7) 210(10.5) 1 469(73.8) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 4 儿童网络过度使用与游戏过度使用的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=2 324)
Table 4. Multiple stepwise Logistic regression analysis of children's excessive Internet use and excessive game use (n=2 324)
自变量 网络过度使用 游戏过度使用 OR值(OR值95% CI) P值 OR值(OR值95% CI) P值 家庭经济地位 较高 1.00 0.02 — — 中等 1.52(0.95~2.44) 0.08 — — 较低 2.07(1.24~3.47) 0.01 — — 家庭关怀度 良好 1.00 < 0.01 1.00 < 0.01 中度障碍 2.62(1.72~3.99) < 0.01 2.57(1.53~4.33) < 0.01 严重障碍 2.68(1.54~4.66) < 0.01 2.16(1.12~4.16) 0.02 好友打游戏 从来不 1.00 < 0.01 1.00 < 0.01 有时 0.87(0.42~1.78) 0.70 1.27(0.48~3.31) 0.63 经常 1.95(0.93~4.10) 0.08 2.84(1.10~7.33) 0.03 一直 2.21(1.02~4.79) 0.05 3.92(1.54~10.01) < 0.01 好友约打游戏 从来不 1.00 0.01 — — 有时 1.85(1.12~3.04) 0.02 — — 经常 2.56(1.36~4.80) < 0.01 — — 一直 2.53(1.23~5.20) 0.01 — — 网络使用动机类型 不明显型 1.00 < 0.01 1.00 < 0.01 维持情绪唤醒型 5.44(3.49~8.47) < 0.01 4.82(2.87~8.10) < 0.01 满足社会功能型 8.72(5.30~14.37) < 0.01 6.09(3.43~10.80) < 0.01 学习成绩 差/中下 1.00 0.04 — — 中等 0.61(0.37~1.01) 0.05 — — 中上/优良 0.55(0.34~0.89) 0.02 — — 学习信心 非常有信心 — — 1.00 < 0.01 比较有信心 — — 1.10(0.60~2.03) 0.76 不大有信心 — — 2.11(1.12~3.97) 0.02 没有信心 — — 4.14(1.86~9.20) < 0.01 性别 男 — — 1.00 女 — — 0.46(0.28~0.75) < 0.01
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