艾滋病致孤儿童膳食营养状况

阿斯木古丽·克力木; 阿迪拉·阿不来提; 努尔妮赛姆·塔什; 张羽珊; 阿比达·阿不来提

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.007

艾滋病致孤儿童膳食营养状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.007

1.
新疆医科大学公共卫生学院, 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室, 新疆特殊环境与健康研究重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
2.
新疆阿克苏地区妇幼保健院
3.
新疆医科大学儿科学院

基金项目:

新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目 2017D01C225

详细信息

作者简介:
阿斯木古丽·克力木(1973-), 女, 新疆人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为儿童心理与健康

中图分类号: R153.2 R151 R512.91
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-23
- 修回日期: 2021-06-08
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-25

Dietary nutritional status of AIDS orphans

1.
Department of Child and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Key Laboratory of Special Environment and Health Research in Xinjiang, Urumqi (830011), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解乌鲁木齐市7~12岁艾滋病致孤儿童(艾滋孤儿)膳食营养状况，为促进其生长发育与健康状况提供科学依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法，抽取乌鲁木齐市7~12岁艾滋孤儿(98名)和同龄普通孤儿(66名)及一般儿童(145名)共309名进行营养状况调查。采用24 h膳食回顾法记录3组儿童一日三餐的饮食情况，按中国居民每日膳食营养素推荐摄入量(recommended nutrient intake, RNI)分析儿童能量及营养素摄入及达标情况。结果艾滋孤儿组消瘦检出率为44.9%，高于普通孤儿组(40.9%)和一般儿童组(28.2%)；艾滋孤儿组和普通孤儿组超重率分别为3.1%，3.0%，均低于一般儿童组(8.3%)；艾滋孤儿组能量及膳食营养素的每日平均摄入量低于其余两组，且钙、铁、锌和维生素A、维生素B₂、维生素B₆、叶酸以及维生素C、维生素D摄入量均未达标；艾滋孤儿组粮谷类、蔬菜类、水果类、蛋类、奶类、油类的日均摄入量均低于一般儿童组和普通孤儿组，除粮谷类、蛋类外，其余3组间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为3.02，5.23，27.86，16.59，P值均＜0.05)，而艾滋孤儿组和普通孤儿组儿童蔬菜类、水产类、蛋类、奶类的摄入均低于推荐摄入量。结论乌鲁木齐市7~12岁艾滋孤儿消瘦检出率较高，膳食营养摄入不均衡、营养状况欠佳。应改善艾滋孤儿的膳食结构以满足儿童青少年生长发育和健康的需要。
- 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 /
- 膳食 /
- 营养状况 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand the dietary nutritional status of AIDS orphans aged 7-12 in Urumqi, and to provide a scientific basis for promoting growth, development and health. Methods Using a random sampling method, a total of 309 children aged 7-12, from Urumqi were selected. The sample included 98 orphans with AIDS, 66 orphaned children not affected by AIDS, and 145 cases of non-orphaned children. A 24-hour diet review method was used to record the diet of all three groups of children who received three meals per day, energy levels and the nutrient intake of AIDS orphans and their attainment were analyzed according to the daily recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of Chinese residents. Results The detection rate of wasting in the AIDS orphans group was 44.9%, which was higher than that in the orphans without-AIDS group (40.9%) and the non-orphaned group (28.2%); the overweight rates of AIDS orphans and orphans without AIDS were 3.1% and 3.0%, respectively, which were both lower than those of non-orphaned children (8.3%); the average daily intake of energy and dietary nutrients in the AIDS orphans group was lower than that in the other two groups, and the intake of vitamin A, vitamin B₂, vitamin B₆, vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, zinc, and iron was seriously insufficient, the intake of food grains, vegetables, fruit, eggs, milk and dairy products, and the average daily intake of oil was lower among AIDS orphans than orphans without AIDS and non-orphaned children, additionally, except for food grains, eggs, there were significant differences between the three groups (F=3.02, 5.23, 27.86, 16.59, P < 0.05), and the daily intake of vegetables, aquatic products, eggs and milk in AIDS orphans and orphans was lower than the recommeded intake. Conclusion A higher rate of wasting, unbalanced nutrient intake, and poor nutritional status was found among AIDS orphans aged 7-12 in Urumqi. Therefore, there is a need to improve the dietary structure of AIDS orphans with the aim of promoting healthy development.
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome /
- Diet /
- Nutritional status /
- Child

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表 1 不同性别不同年龄儿童BMI各组间比较(x±s, kg/m², n=309)

Table 1. Comparison of Body Mass Index (BMI) of children of different sexes and different ages among each group (x±s, kg/m², n=309)

性别	年龄/岁	艾滋孤儿组	普通孤儿组	一般儿童组	F值	P值
男	7	15.00±1.37	14.19±1.66	15.89±2.87	1.99	0.19
	8	14.86±0.71	15.82±1.64	15.32±1.61	0.33	0.72
	9	14.11±10.20	15.59±1.58	15.80±1.80	2.32	0.12
	10	15.89±1.51	15.09±2.08	15.12±1.50	0.64	0.54
	11	15.95±2.07	16.65±2.01	17.69±2.87	1.38	0.27
	12	16.67±1.67^a	17.03±1.70	18.01±1.66	2.39	0.11
	小计	15.85±1.66^a	15.94±1.94^a	17.19±2.38	6.94	< 0.01
女	7	14.15±7.37	13.98±0.98	15.20±1.29	2.92	0.08
	8	15.04±1.09^a	15.26±1.08	16.57±1.41	3.57	0.05
	9	15.69±1.34	15.88±0.91	16.38±2.02	0.29	0.75
	10	15.82±1.29	17.80±1.46	17.65±2.42	2.25	0.14
	11	16.88±3.05	17.43±2.17	17.88±2.87	0.45	0.64
	12	15.80±1.17^a	17.10±1.30	17.28±1.91	2.27	0.11
	小计	15.67±1.91^a	16.32±1.93	17.09±2.22	7.06	< 0.01
注： a表示与一般儿童组比较，P < 0.05。

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表 2 3组儿童主要营养素日均摄入量比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of the average daily intake of major nutrients among 3 groups of children(x±s)

组别	人数	能量/kcal	蛋白质/g	脂肪/g	碳水化合物/g	维生素A/μgRE	维生素B₁/mg	维生素B₂/mg	维生素B₆/mg	维生素E/mg
艾滋孤儿组	98	1 456.38±318.19^ab	61.80±11.39^a	42.26±20.32^ab	254.45±51.26	127.20±118.47^ab	1.38±0.49	0.59±0.37^a	0.33±0.14	16.78±8.59^ab
普通孤儿组	66	1 724.30±411.44	60.70±20.89^a	50.99±13.63	257.73±70.53	203.44±97.53	1.47±0.55	0.67±0.30	0.28±0.16^a	21.35±9.16^a
一般儿童组	145	1 756.63±494.79	68.62±18.58	53.51±17.14	272.69±83.43	213.75±114.06	1.62±0.64	0.76±0.35	0.35±0.24	24.26±10.49
F值		14.40	6.92	12.34	2.18	18.64	5.16	7.02	3.23	17.59
P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.11	＜0.01	0.01	＜0.01	0.04	＜0.01

组别	人数	维生素C/mg	维生素D/μg	烟酸/mg	叶酸/mg	钙/mg	铁/mg	碘/μg	锌/mg	铜/mg
艾滋孤儿组	98	25.94±16.55^ab	0.28±0.41^a	10.01±2.59^ab	91.16±30.95^a	258.55±112.18^ab	9.34±3.99^ab	17.57±2.14	4.04±2.09^ab	0.98±0.84^ab
普通孤儿组	66	31.73±13.69	0.39±0.43	11.60±5.12	90.90±25.68^a	344.38±271.16	13.62±10.76	16.01±8.01	5.40±2.91	1.18±0.55
一般儿童组	145	34.36±15.56	0.50±0.82	12.19±4.51	102.28±32.38	372.41±213.64	14.87±11.91	20.45±4.85	5.48±2.45	1.21±0.50
F值		8.68	3.38	8.22	5.17	9.43	6.62	0.56	11.14	3.80
P值		＜0.01	0.04	＜0.01	0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.57	＜0.01	0.02
注： a表示与一般儿童组比较，P < 0.05；b表示与普通孤儿组比较，P < 0.05；1 kcal=4.18 kJ。

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表 3 3组儿童主要营养素摄入量达标率比较

Table 3. Comparison of compliance rates of main nutrient intake among 3 groups of children

组别	人数	能量	蛋白质	碳水化合物	维生素A	维生素B₁	维生素B₂	维生素B₆	维生素E
艾滋孤儿组	98	35(35.7)	62(62.8)	98(100.0)	8(8.2)	72(73.5)	17(17.3)	0	85(86.7)
普通孤儿组	66	33(50.0)	49(74.2)	65(98.5)	6(9.1)	56(84.8)	22(33.3)	0	63(95.5)
一般儿童组	145	65(44.8)	118(81.4)	140(96.6)	11(7.6)	133(91.7)	34(23.4)	0	134(92.4)
χ²值		3.94	10.54	5.32	1.39	13.33	7.64		4.22
P值		0.14	< 0.01	0.07	0.93	< 0.01	0.02		0.12

组别	人数	维生素C	维生素D	烟酸	叶酸	钙	铁	锌	铜
艾滋孤儿组	98	13(13.3)	0	59(60.0)	0	3(3.1)	22(22.4)	0	88(89.8)
普通孤儿组	66	18(27.3)	0	49(74.2)	0	3(4.5)	17(25.8)	0	64(97.0)
一般儿童组	145	22(15.2)	1(0.7)	104(71.7)	0	10(6.9)	61(42.1)	0	140(96.6)
χ²值		9.93		5.61		1.68	11.96		6.12
P值		< 0.01		0.06		0.43	< 0.01		0.05
注： ()内数字为达标率/%。

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表 4 3组儿童各类食物日均摄入量比较(x±s，g)

Table 4. Comparison of the average daily intake of various foods among 3 groups of children(x±s, g)

组别	人数	粮谷类	蔬菜类	水果类	畜禽肉类	水产类	蛋类	奶类	油类
艾滋孤儿组	98	324.63±83.17	210.48±45.30	166.84±134.43	37.58±25.30	20.08±4.01	10.20±20.15	85.12±49.29	15.26±12.11
普通孤儿组	66	338.59±107.33	219.86±48.74	220.91±137.26	43.06±35.69	21.58±3.93	15.76±22.05	154.55±112.58	23.48±11.73
一般儿童组	145	360.45±117.83	229.98±73.89	230.90±176.62	46.41±33.37	22.49±3.06	16.62±32.23	160.00±140.63	24.69±13.96
F值		3.01	3.02	5.23	1.68	0.94	1.78	27.86	16.59
P值		0.05	< 0.05	0.01	0.19	0.39	0.17	＜0.01	＜0.01

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