Analysis of pollution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in children's bedrooms caused by using solid-fuels and the influencing factors

ZHENG Ping; SHI Chunli; XIN Shuzhi; CHEN Shunqiang; SHEN Yue; ZHANG Bei; XU Ning; WANG Qiang

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025213

Volume 46 Issue 7

Jul. 2025

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH > 2025 > 46(7): 932-936

ZHENG Ping, SHI Chunli, XIN Shuzhi, CHEN Shunqiang, SHEN Yue, ZHANG Bei, XU Ning, WANG Qiang. Analysis of pollution of PM2.5 in children's bedrooms caused by using solid-fuels and the influencing factors[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(7): 932-936. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025213

Citation:

ZHENG Ping, SHI Chunli, XIN Shuzhi, CHEN Shunqiang, SHEN Yue, ZHANG Bei, XU Ning, WANG Qiang. Analysis of pollution of PM_2.5 in children's bedrooms caused by using solid-fuels and the influencing factors[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(7): 932-936. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025213

Citation:

PDF( 986 KB)

Analysis of pollution of PM_2.5 in children's bedrooms caused by using solid-fuels and the influencing factors

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025213

1.
National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China

Received Date: 2024-12-02
Rev Recd Date: 2024-12-25

Available Online: 2025-08-02

Publish Date: 2025-07-25

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To investigate the indoor fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution and its influencing factors in children's bedrooms using solid fuel, so as to provide evidence for effective strategy to reduce PM_2.5 pollution. Methods From December 2019 to November 2020, 198 households (108 in the north, 90 in the south) from two pilots in the north(Jiamusi in Heilongjiang Province) and south of China (Mianyang in Sichuan Province) were selected, and status of solid fuels using were obtained through home visits, dynamic changes in PM_2.5 concentrations in children's bedrooms were monitored by using real-time online instruments, and the influencing factors of PM_2.5 pollution were analyzed by using a mixed-effects model. Results During the monitoring period, the daily PM_2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 78.33 (40.50, 154.80) and 38.54(26.20, 58.46) μg/m³, respectively, exceeding standard rates of 44.57% and 33.22%. During the heating period, the daily PM_2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 212.50(133.60, 244.10) and 104.42(73.97, 134.90) μg/m³, respectively, with over standard rates of 96.75% and 86.96%. The mixed-effects model analysis results showed that children's bedroom PM_2.5 concentrations were associated with solid fuel usage duration, window opening time, room layout (shared entrance door between kitchen and bedroom), indoor smoking, indoor humidity, and solid fuel use in the bedroom (β=0.19, -0.05, 1.20, 0.43, 0.02, 0.35, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Solid fuel combustion significantly comtributes to PM_2.5 pollution in children's bedrooms, with more pronounced impacts observed in northern China compared to southern regions.
- Fossil fuels,
- Particulate matter,
- Environmental pollution,
- Linear models,
- Child

FullText(HTML)

References(13)

References

[1]	International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, United Nations Statistics Division, et al. Tracking SDG 7: the energy progress report[M]. Washington DC: World Bank, 2024.
[2]	ALI M U, YU Y, YOUSAF B, et al. Health impacts of indoor air pollution from household solid fuel on children and women[J]. J Hazard Mater, 2021, 416: 126127.
[3]	YANG Y, LIU Y, PENG L, et al. Cooking or heating with solid fuels increased the all-cause mortality risk among mid-aged and elderly people in China[J]. Environ Health, 2022, 21(1): 91-99.
[4]	张松, 陈晓芳, 陈小芳, 等. 取暖固体燃料暴露及其时长对30~79岁居民呼吸系统疾病发病风险影响的前瞻性研究[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2024, 45(4): 490-497. ZHANG S, CHEN X F, CHEN X F, et al. A prospective study on the relationship between exposure to solid fuels for heating and its duration and the risk of morbidity of respiratory diseases among residents aged 30-79 years[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2024, 45(4): 490-497. (in Chinese)
[5]	YIN P, BRAUER M, COHEN A J, et al. The effect of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across China and its provinces, 1990-2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. Lancet Planet Health, 2020, 4(9): e386-e398.
[6]	HAYES R B, LIM C, ZHANG Y, et al. PM_2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality[J]. Int J Epidemiol, 2020, 49(1): 25-35.
[7]	WANG Q, LIU S. The effects and pathogenesis of PM_2.5 and its components on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2023, 18: 493-506.
[8]	HU Y, JI J S, ZHAO B. Deaths attributable to indoor PM_2.5 in urban China when outdoor air meets 2021 WHO air quality guidelines[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2022, 56(22): 15882-15891.
[9]	QIU S, CHEN X, CHEN X, et al. Solid fuel use, socioeconomic indicators and risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study in a rural area of Sichuan, China[J]. Int J Epidemiol, 2022, 51(2): 501-513.
[10]	United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. Global annual results report 2019: communication for development[EB/OL]. (2020-06)[2024-11-01]. https://www.unicef.org/reports/global-annual-results-2019-communication-for-development.
[11]	国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 室内空气质量标准: GB/T 18883—2022[S]. 2023-02-01. State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the PRC. Standards for indoor air quality: GB/T 18883-2022[S]. 2023-02-01. (in Chinese)
[12]	DEGOIS J, VEILLETTE M, POULIN P, et al. Indoor air quality assessment in dwellings with different ventilation strategies in Nunavik and impacts on bacterial and fungal microbiota[J]. Indoor Air, 2021, 31(6): 2213-2225.
[13]	CHEN C F, HSU C H, CHANG Y J, et al. Efficacy of HEPA air cleaner on improving indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 9(18): 11517.