Correlation between children and adolescents' behavioral habits and the occurrence of myopia in Qamdo

XIA Jiuyi; YANG Xin; ZHENG Shijie; YI Shenglan; SHI Kai; ZHANG Qi; JI Yan; DU Fang; SUN Kexin; XIANG Yongguo; ZHANG Tong; WAN Wenjuan; HU Ke

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.003

Volume 43 Issue 3

Mar. 2022

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH > 2022 > 43(3): 328-332

XIA Jiuyi, YANG Xin, ZHENG Shijie, YI Shenglan, SHI Kai, ZHANG Qi, JI Yan, DU Fang, SUN Kexin, XIANG Yongguo, ZHANG Tong, WAN Wenjuan, HU Ke. Correlation between children and adolescents' behavioral habits and the occurrence of myopia in Qamdo[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2022, 43(3): 328-332. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.003

Citation:

XIA Jiuyi, YANG Xin, ZHENG Shijie, YI Shenglan, SHI Kai, ZHANG Qi, JI Yan, DU Fang, SUN Kexin, XIANG Yongguo, ZHANG Tong, WAN Wenjuan, HU Ke. Correlation between children and adolescents' behavioral habits and the occurrence of myopia in Qamdo[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2022, 43(3): 328-332. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.003

Citation:

XIA Jiuyi, YANG Xin, ZHENG Shijie, YI Shenglan, SHI Kai, ZHANG Qi, JI Yan, DU Fang, SUN Kexin, XIANG Yongguo, ZHANG Tong, WAN Wenjuan, HU Ke. Correlation between children and adolescents' behavioral habits and the occurrence of myopia in Qamdo[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2022, 43(3): 328-332. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.003

PDF( 413 KB)

Correlation between children and adolescents' behavioral habits and the occurrence of myopia in Qamdo

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.003

1.
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing (400016), China

Received Date: 2021-12-16
Rev Recd Date: 2022-01-20

Available Online: 2022-03-29

Publish Date: 2022-03-25

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To investigate the current status of myopia in children and adolescents in Qamdo, Tibet, and analyze related influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of adolescents in plateau areas. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 959 children and adolescents randomly selected from one district and two counties in Qamdo (from the fourth grade of elementary school to the second grade of high school) for visual acuity and refraction tests and filled out a vision-related behavior questionnaire to analyze the incidence of myopia among adolescents in the region and its associated factors. Results The myopia rate of adolescents in grades 4-11 was 54.43%, the rate of undercorrection of refractive errors was 85.25%, and the percentage of students wearing eyeglasses was 34.67%, fully vision correction rate was 42.54%. The myopia rate of students in grades 4-6 was 35.14%, 64.71% in grades 7-9, and 73.48% in grades 10-11. The myopia rate increased with grades(χ²=101.18, P < 0.01). The myopia rate (70.40%) of urban students (grades 4-9) was higher than that of county level(41.45%), and the myopia rate of students with myopia from either parent (68.24%) was higher than that of students without myopia (51.91%), the myopia rate of girls (59.96%) was higher than that of boys (48.36%)(χ²=53.19, 13.46, 12.98, P < 0.01). Use electronic products for more than 2.5 hours per day, electronic devices usage after bedtime, the light low indoor brightness when studying on a sunny day, and only use one of the table lamps or roof lights when studying at night, preference for fried food, poor sleep quality, in the morning the students who still feel tired are at higher risk of myopia(χ²=10.35, 10.91, 6.87, 4.25, 4.97, 5.71, 12.11, P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the occurrence of myopia was related to region, grade, gender, parental myopia, time spent on electronic products every day in the past 5 months, and sleep quality(P < 0.05). Conclusion The high rate of myopia in children and adolescents in Qamdo may be related to the quality of sleep, the length of time electronic products are used, the eye environment, and the frequency of eating fried foods. Outdoor activities do not show significant differences.
- Behavior,
- Habits,
- Myopia,
- Regression analysis,
- Child,
- Adolescent

FullText(HTML)

References(47)

References

[1]	SAW S M, GAZZARD G, SHIH-YEN E C, et al. Myopia and associated pathological complications[J]. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2005, 25(5): 381-391. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00298.x
[2]	LI Q, YANG J, HE Y, et al. Investigation of the psychological health of first-year high school students with myopia in Guangzhou[J]. Brain Behav, 2020, 10(4): e01594.
[3]	RAMAMURTHY D, LIN CHUA S Y, SAW S M. A review of environmental risk factors for myopia during early life, childhood and adolescence[J]. Clin Exp Optom, 2015, 98(6): 497-506. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12346
[4]	REPKA M X. Prevention of myopia in children[J]. JAMA, 2015, 314(11): 1137-1139. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.10723
[5]	ENTHOVEN C A, TIDEMAN J W L, POLLING J R, et al. The impact of computer use on myopia development in childhood: the Generation R study[J]. Prev Med, 2020, 132: 105988. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.105988
[6]	SHERWIN J C, REACHER M H, KEOGH R H, et al. The association between time spent outdoors and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(10): 2141-2151. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.04.020
[7]	WONG T Y, FOSTER P J, HEE J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in adult Chinese in Singapore[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2000, 41(9): 2486-2494.
[8]	EDWARDS M H. Do variations in normal nutrition play a role in the development of myopia?[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 1996, 73(10): 638-643. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199610000-00002
[9]	GESSESSE S A, TESHOME A W. Prevalence of myopia among secondary school students in Welkite Town: South-Western Ethiopia[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2020, 20(1): 176. doi: 10.1186/s12886-020-01457-2
[10]	CHEBIL A, JEDIDI L, CHAKER N, et al. Epidemiologic study of myopia in a population of schoolchildren in Tunisia[J]. Tunis Med, 2016, 94(3): 216-220.
[11]	SCHUSTER A K, ELFLEIN H M, POKORA R, et al. Prävalenz und risikofaktoren der kurzsichtigkeit bei kindern und jugendlichen in deutschland-ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie prevalence and risk factors of myopia in children and adolescents in germany-results of the KiGGS survey[J]. Klin Padiatr, 2017, 229(4): 234-240. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-102938
[12]	PAN C W, DIRANI M, CHENG C Y, et al. The age-specific prevalence of myopia in Asia: a Meta-analysis[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2015, 92(3): 258-266. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000516
[13]	YOTSUKURA E, TORII H, INOKUCHI M, et al. Current prevalence of myopia and association of myopia with environmental factors among schoolchildren in Japan[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2019, 137(11): 1233-1239. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3103
[14]	LIM H T, YOON J S, HWANG S S, et al. Prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of myopia in Korean children: the 2005 third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES Ⅲ)[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2012, 56(1): 76-81. doi: 10.1007/s10384-011-0090-7
[15]	YANG Y F. Effective results have been achieved in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents[N]. People's Daily, 2021-07-14(013).
[16]	WANG G Q, BAI Z X, SHI J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for eye diseases, blindness, and low vision in Lhasa, Tibet[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2013, 6(2): 237-241.
[17]	QIAN X, LIU B, WANG J, et al. Prevalence of refractive errors in Tibetan adolescents[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2018, 18(1): 118. doi: 10.1186/s12886-018-0780-8
[18]	HASHEMI H, REZVAN F, OSTADIMOGHADDAM H, et al. High prevalence of refractive errors in a rural population: 'Nooravaran Salamat' mobile eye clinic experience[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 41(7): 635-643.
[19]	陶芳标. 《儿童青少年近视防控适宜技术指南》专题解读[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020, 41(2): 166-168, 172. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.02.002 TAO F B. Expert interpretation on appropriate technical guidelines for prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Sch, 2020, 41(2): 166-168, 172. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.02.002
[20]	WANG W, ZHU L, ZHENG S, et al. Survey on the progression of myopia in children and adolescents in Chongqing during COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Front Public Health, 2021, 9: 646770. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.646770
[21]	WANG M, GAN L, CUI J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error in Qinghai, China: a cross-sectional study in Han and Tibetan adults in Xining and surrounding areas[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2021, 21(1): 260. doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-01996-2
[22]	YAO L, QI L S, WANG X F, et al. Refractive change and incidence of myopia among a group of highly selected senior high school students in China: a prospective study in an aviation cadet prerecruitment class[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2019, 60(5): 1344-1352. doi: 10.1167/iovs.17-23506
[23]	PÄRSSINEN O, KAUPPINEN M. Risk factors for high myopia: a 22-year follow-up study from childhood to adulthood[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2019, 97(5): 510-518. doi: 10.1111/aos.13964
[24]	RUDNICKA A R, KAPETANAKIS V V, WATHERN A K, et al. Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2016, 100(7): 882-890. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307724
[25]	WANG J, YING G S, FU X, et al. Prevalence of myopia and vision impairment in school students in Eastern China[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2020, 20(1): 2. doi: 10.1186/s12886-019-1281-0
[26]	WANG S K, GUO Y, LIAO C, et al. Incidence of and factors associated with myopia and high myopia in Chinese children, based on refraction without cycloplegia[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2018, 136(9): 1017-1024. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.2658
[27]	RESNIKOFF S, PASCOLINI D, MARIOTTI S P, et al. Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004[J]. Bull World Health Organ, 2008, 86(1): 63-70. doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.041210
[28]	ROBAEI D, KIFLEY A, ROSE K A, et al. Refractive error and patterns of spectacle use in 12-year-old Australian children[J]. Ophthalmology, 2006, 113(9): 1567-1573. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.066
[29]	LI S M, LI S Y, LIU L R, et al. Full correction and undercorrection of myopia evaluation trial: design and baseline data of a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 41(4): 329-338. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02884.x
[30]	MA X, ZHOU Z, YI H, et al. Effect of providing free glasses on children's educational outcomes in China: cluster randomized controlled trial[J]. BMJ, 2014, 349: g5740. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g5740
[31]	GUAN H, WANG H, DU K, et al. The effect of providing free eyeglasses on children's mental health outcomes in China: a cluster-randomized controlled trial[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018, 15(12): 2749. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122749
[32]	LOGAN N S, WOLFFSOHN J S. Role of un-correction, under-correction and over-correction of myopia as a strategy for slowing myopic progression[J]. Clin Exp Optom, 2020, 103(2): 133-137. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12978
[33]	COOPER J, TKATCHENKO A V. A review of current concepts of the etiology and treatment of myopia[J]. Eye Contact Lens, 2018, 44(4): 231-247. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000499
[34]	CAI X B, SHEN S R, CHEN D F, et al. An overview of myopia genetics[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2019, 188: 107778. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107778
[35]	DONG L, KANG Y K, LI Y, et al. Prevalence and time trends of myopia in children and adolescents in China: a systemic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Retina, 2020, 40(3): 399-411. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002590
[36]	CZEPITA D, MOJSA A, ZEJMO M. Prevalence of myopia and hyperopia among urban and rural schoolchildren in Poland[J]. Ann Acad Med Stetin, 2008, 54(1): 17-21.
[37]	WONG C W, TSAI A, JONAS J B, et al. Digital screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic: risk for a further myopia boom?[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2021, 223: 333-337. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.034
[38]	ALVAREZ-PEREGRINA C, SÁNCHEZ-TENA M Á, MARTINEZ-PEREZ C, et al. The relationship between screen and outdoor time with rates of myopia in spanish children[J]. Front Public Health, 2020, 8: 560378. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.560378
[39]	WANG J, LI M, ZHU D, et al. Smartphone overuse and visual impairment in children and young adults: systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. J Med Int ResÁ, 2020, 22(12): e21923.
[40]	LISSAK G. Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: literature review and case study[J]. Environ Res, 2018, 164: 149-157. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015
[41]	FOREMAN J, SALIM A T, PRAVEEN A, et al. Association between digital smart device use and myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Digit Health, 2021, 3(12): e806-e818. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00135-7
[42]	MORGAN I G, FRENCH A N, ASHBY R S, et al. The epidemics of myopia: aetiology and prevention[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 62: 134-149. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004
[43]	XIONG S, SANKARIDURG P, NADUVILATH T, et al. Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2017, 95(6): 551-566. doi: 10.1111/aos.13403
[44]	CHENG C Y, HUANG W, SU K C, et al. Myopization factors affecting urban elementary school students in Taiwan[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2013, 90(4): 400-406. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3182873449
[45]	LIM L S, GAZZARD G, LOW Y L, et al Dietary factors, myopia, and axial dimensions in children[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(5): 993-997. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.10.003
[46]	PENG W, LIU Y, LIU Y, et al. Major dietary patterns and their relationship to obesity among urbanized adult Tibetan pastoralists[J]. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2019, 28(3): 507-519.
[47]	NICKLA D L. Ocular diurnal rhythms and eye growth regulation: where we are 50 years after Lauber[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2013, 114: 25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.12.013