Volume 42 Issue 9
Sep.  2021
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
XU Ning, YU Chuanchuan, LYU Xifang, DING Zhen, SUN Hong, WU Kang, ZHANG Yuqing, WANG Qiang. Risk factors for children's blood lead levels in one city of Jiangsu[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(9): 1293-1296,1301. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.005
Citation: XU Ning, YU Chuanchuan, LYU Xifang, DING Zhen, SUN Hong, WU Kang, ZHANG Yuqing, WANG Qiang. Risk factors for children's blood lead levels in one city of Jiangsu[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(9): 1293-1296,1301. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.005

Risk factors for children's blood lead levels in one city of Jiangsu

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.005
  • Received Date: 2021-02-27
  • Rev Recd Date: 2021-07-20
  • Available Online: 2021-09-24
  • Publish Date: 2021-09-24
  •   Objective  To understand the level and risk factor of lead exposure among children in one city of Jiangsu.  Methods  In northern Jiangsu Province, 373 children from 2 primary schools were enrolled and were tested for blood lead and heavy metal exposure. Lead exposure was tested in household dust of 46 children. A multivariate Logistic regression was used for lead exposure risk analysis. Spatial distribution of lead contamination in household dust was conducted and compared with the location of industrial enterprises.  Results  The geometric mean of blood lead in 373 children was 25.80 mg/L, the blood lead of 3 children (0.8%) was more than 100 mg/L. Pencil biting (OR=4.26, 95%CI=1.61-10.68, P < 0.05) and lead contamination in surrounding environment (OR=2.93, 95%CI=1.24-7.34, P=0.02) was positively related to high blood lead level in children. The geometric mean household dust lead concentrations in 46 children was 302.27 μg/mg, and household with high dust lead levels were mainly located around manufacturing enterprises.  Conclusion  Environmental factors correlate with blood lead level in children. Efficient strategies and public health policies are urgently needed to control and prevent environmental lead pollution. Families and schools should actively carry out health education to engourage children good hygiene habits, and effectively reduce lead exposure.
  • loading
  • [1]
    WHO. Children's environmental health[EB/OL]. [2021-01-05]. https://www.WHO.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/children's-environmental-health.
    [2]
    KARRARI P, MEHRPOUR O, ABDOLLAHI M. A systematic review on status of lead pollution and toxicity in iran guidance for preventive measures[J]. Daru, 2012, 20(1): 2. doi: 10.1186/1560-8115-20-2
    [3]
    JUSKO T A, HENDERSON C R, LANPHEAR B P, et al. Blood lead concentrations 10 g/dL and child intelligence at 6 years of age[J]. Environ Health Persp, 2008, 116 (2): 243-248. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10424
    [4]
    LANPHEAR B P. Childhood lead poisoning prevention[J]. JAMA, 2005, 293(18): 2274. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.18.2274
    [5]
    CECIL K M, BRUBAKER C J, ADLER C M, et al. Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure[J]. PLoS Med, 2008, 5(5): e112. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050112
    [6]
    LANPHEAR B P, HORNUNG R, KHOURY J, et al. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis[J]. Environ Health Persp, 2005, 113(7): 894-899. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7688
    [7]
    王冰, 张金良, 刘玲, 等. 我国禁用含铅汽油后儿童血铅水平的变化[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2013, 30(5): 377-384. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJYJ201305001.htm

    WANG B, ZHANG J L, LIU L, et al. The changes of children's blood lead levels after the ban of leaded gasoline in China[J]. J Environ Health, 2013, 30(5): 377-384. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJYJ201305001.htm
    [8]
    丁春光, 潘亚娟, 张爱华, 等. 中国八省份一般人群血和尿液中铅、镉水平及影响因素调查[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2014, 48(2): 91-96. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2014.02.004

    DING C G, PAN Y J, ZHANG A H, et al. Study of distribution and influencing factors of lead and cadmium in whole blood and urine among population in 8 provinces in China[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2014, 48(2): 91-96. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2014.02.004
    [9]
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention USA. Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals, updated tables[EB/OL]. [2018-04-03]. https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/index.html.
    [10]
    WHO. Exposure to lead: a major public health concern[EB/OL]. [2019-07-04]. https://www.WHO.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CED-PHE-EPE-19.4.7-eng.
    [11]
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention USA. Childhood lead poisoning prevention[EB/OL]. [2021-01-05]. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/about/program.htm.
    [12]
    Texas Department of State Health Services. Lead risk questionnaire[EB/OL]. [2021-01-05]. https://dshs.texas.gov/lead/providers.shtm#screening.
    [13]
    New Mexico Department of Health. Child lead exposure questionnaire[EB/OL]. [2021-01-05]. https://www.nmhealth.org/about/erd/eheb/clppp/.
    [14]
    国家卫生计生委. 学生健康检查技术规范GB/T 26343—2010[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2011.

    National Health and Family Planning Commission. Technical standard for physical examination for students GB/T 26343-2010[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2011.
    [15]
    卫生部. 关于印发《血铅临床检验技术规范》的通知[EB/OL]. [200601-20]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/wjw/gfxwj/201304/0ba1bc36b7434407b867e35937fcbe85.shtml.

    Ministry of Health of PRC. Blood lead clinical examination technical specification[EB/OL]. [200601-20]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/wjw/gfxwj/201304/0ba1bc36b7434407b867e35937fcbe85.shtml.
    [16]
    中华人民共和国司法部. 血液中铬、镉、砷、铊和铅的测定电感耦合等离子体质谱法SF/Z JD0107012—2011 [S]. 北京: 中华人民共和国司法部, 2011: 1.

    Ministry of Justice of PRC. Determination of Chromium, Cadmium, Arsenic, Thallium and Lead in Blood inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SF/Z JD0107012-2011 [S]. Beijing: Ministry of Justice of PRC, 2011: 1.
    [17]
    WHO. WHO Children Lead Poisoning [R]. Geneva: WHO, 2010.
    [18]
    WHO, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. Brief guide to analytical methods for measuring lead in paint[EB/OL]. [2020-10-05]. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/77911.
    [19]
    杨静, 董剑, 张波, 等. 重庆大足区3~6岁儿童血铅水平及其铅中毒相关因素分析[J]. 现代预防医学, 2015, 42(23): 4294-4296. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF201523023.htm

    YANG J, DONG J, ZHANG B, et al. Test of children's blood lead level in Dazu District and its risk factors [J]. Mod Prev Med, 2015, 42(23): 4294-4296. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF201523023.htm
    [20]
    梁文化, 房雅琨, 曲志彤, 等. 儿童铅中毒的危险因素分析及健康教育干预效果[J]. 工业卫生与职业病, 2020, 46(4): 306-308. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYWZ202004014.htm

    LIANG W H, FANG Y K, QU Z T, et al. Risk factors analysis of lead poisoning in children and effects of health education intervention [J]. Ind Health Occup Dis, 2020, 46(4): 306-308. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYWZ202004014.htm
    [21]
    何文兵, 李继红, 赵成顺, 等. 株洲市2016-2018年门诊儿童血铅水平及影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(12): 1852-1854. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.12.024

    HE W B, LI J H, ZHAO C S, et al. Blood lead levels and influencing factors among outpatient children from 2016 to 2018 in Zhuzhou [J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(12): 1852-1854. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.12.024
    [22]
    MIELKE H W, GONZALES C R, POWELL E T, et al. The concurrent decline of soil lead and children's blood lead in New Orleans [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2019, 116(44): 22058-22064. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906092116
    [23]
    LI M M, GAO Z Y, DONG C Y, et al. Contemporary blood lead levels of children aged 0-84 months in china: a national cross-sectional study [J]. Environ Int, 2020, 134: 105288. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105288
    [24]
    吴钧芳, 薄丹丹, 江鹏, 等. 铅冶炼企业周边0~15岁儿童血铅水平调查[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2018, 35(3): 221-224. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJYJ201803012.htm

    WU J F, BO D D, JIANG P, et al. Blood lead levels of children living around a lead smeltery [J]. J Environ Health, 2018, 35(3): 221-224. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJYJ201803012.htm
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Tables(1)

    Article Metrics

    Article views (776) PDF downloads(46) Cited by()
    Proportional views

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return