Refractive development status and longitudinal changes of primary school students in Huangpu district of Shanghai city during 2014-2016

Objective To provide a scientific basis for the early prevention and treatment of myopia,by investigating the status of myopia and refractive in the primary school students of Huangpu district,Shanghai.Methods Cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 724 students of grade 1-3 in 4 primary schools of Huangpu District in Shanghai to have a 2-year followup study.Results After the 2-year follow-up study,the prevalence rate of myopia increased from 18.91% in 2014 to 41.94% in 2016.The prevalence rate of mild myopia rose from 15.20% in 2014 to 28.16% in 2016,the rate of moderate myopia rose from 3.31% to 12.74%,and the rate of high myopia rose from 0.41% to 1.05%.The average annual incidence of myopia was 12.83%.The average annual growth value of spherical equivalent refraction of two eyes was(-0.382±0.536) D.The change of average spherical equivalent refraction of mild myopia was greater than that of non-myopic students and moderate myopia students(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia and high myopia in the elementary and middle school students in Shanghai downtown area is high,the development of myopia is fast.Refractive development monitoring should be strengthened.Early prevention for students who have strong myopic tendency and effective intervention for students with low myopia can slow down the development of myopia.