中国学校卫生

Strengthen sexuality education for children and adolescents by using localized technical guideline

LIU Wenli

2024, 45(11): 1521-1525. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024350

Abstract(252) HTML (80) PDF(59)

Abstract:
The development of the Comprehensive Sexuality Education Technical Guideline: Adaptation of Global Standards for Potential Use in China (First Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Guidelines) is an important work in meeting the urgent needs of Chinese families, schools, and society for comprehensive sexuality education, in order to implement the requirements of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors which requires kindergartens and schools to provide sexuality education appropriate to the age of minors. A comprehensive introduction to the basic features of the Technical Guideline, an in-depth analysis of its local characteristics and a detailed description of its application propects can help to expand its adoption, enhance comprehensive sexuality education, and improve the sexual health of children and adolescents.

Interpretation and implication of the U.S. health education curriculum analysis tool

JIANG Jiajun, YIN Zhihua, LIU Haohui, ZHOU Mei

2024, 45(11): 1526-1530. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024321

Abstract(161) HTML (55) PDF(32)

Abstract:
To develop a health education curriculum model with Chinese characteristics, literature method and comparative analysis method are used to interpret the U.S. health education curriculum analysis tool (HECAT). HECAT consists of an access component, a design component and an implementation component, which is able to provide a clear and complete analysis of health education curricula, and assists localities in selecting or developing health education curricula. HECAT is characterized by diversified participating entities, structured analysis content, scientific indicator establishment, and systematic practice process. Based on the experience of developing HECAT and building a systematic health education model in the United States, structured thinking to promote the analysis of health education courses, emphasizing the systematic and scientific development of health education courses and establishing an open system for promoting school health education should be applied in China.

Analysis of the relevant contents of comprehensive sexual education in the current compulsory education curriculum standards of China

GUO Shihao, ZHU Fan, ZHU Guiyin, ZHAO Tianjie, QI Tiantian, YANG Shuang, MA Yinghua

2024, 45(11): 1531-1535. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024332

Abstract(202) HTML (90) PDF(54)

Abstract:
Objective To analyze and evaluate the comprehensiveness and reliability of the content related to comprehensive sexuality education in 16 subject curriculum standards in the current compulsory education system, and the feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality education teaching practice. Methods Based on the textbook analysis model, a curriculum standard analysis model was established, and the interpretive structure model was used to analyze and evaluate the content related to comprehensive sexual education in the curriculum standards of 16 subjects in the current compulsory education system, including Ethics and Rule of Law, Chinese, History, Mathematics, English, Japanese, Russian, Geography, Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Information Technology, Physical Education and Health, Arts, Labor. Results There were 7 subject curriculum standards including Ethics and Rule of Law, Chinese, English, Science, Biology, Information Technology, Physical Education and Health reflecting 5 core concepts and 12 themes of comprehensive sexuality education, and the most frequent core concept was Violence and Staying Safe and the Human Body and Development, as well as the most frequent theme was "Puberty". History, Mathematics, Japanese, Russian, Geography, Physics, Chemistry, Art and Labor didn't include content related to comprehensive sexuality education. The content related to comprehensive sexuality education in the curriculum standard of compulsory education presented three characteristics: it was closely related to the subject content, partial content was consistent with the teaching goal of the subject, and the content depth increased with the growth of grade. The comprehensiveness and reliability of comprehensive sexual education in the current compulsory education curriculum standards of China needed to be improved. Conclusion The comprehensiveness, reliability, feasibility and effectiveness of teaching practice of comprehensive sexuality education in 16 subject curriculum standards in the current compulsory education stage need to be improved.

Analysis of the current situation and related factors of the knowledge, behavior and educational attitude of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students in Luzhou City

LI Mao, CHEN Xiaoxue, YANG Wenxiu, XU Sijia, LIAO Maoxu, ZHANG Rong, YE Yunli

2024, 45(11): 1536-1540. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024340

Abstract(204) HTML (74) PDF(39)

Abstract:
Objective To assess the current situation and related factors of the knowledge, attitude and behavior toward sexual abuse prevention among primary school students in Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, so as to provide a reference basis for the development of sexual abuse prevention education for primary school students. Methods A total of 4 563 primary school students in Luzhou City were sampled from December 2023 to January 2024 by stratified cluster sampling, and self-administered questionnaires were conducted. The binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze related factors of the knowledge, attitude and behavior toward sexual abuse prevention. Results The qualified rates of knowledge, behavior and attitude among primary school students towards sexual abuse prevention in Luzhou were 76.2%, 21.3%, and 90.2%, respectively. The binary Logistic regression showed that males (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.56-0.78), attending rural schools (OR=0.77, 95%CI=0.64-0.92), left-behind status (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.53-0.81), and household registration in Lu County (OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.46-0.70) and Gulin County (OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.57-0.86) had lower qualified rates of the knowledge of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students (P < 0.05); while qualified knowledge of sexual abuse prevention was positively associated with grade (OR=3.05-18.81); attending rural schools (OR=0.82, 95%CI=0.70-0.95) and not having received education on prevention of sexual abuse (OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.47-0.64) had lower qualified rates of the behavior of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students (P < 0.05); household registration in Lu County (OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.58-0.92) and not having received education on prevention of sexual abuse (OR=0.33, 95%CI=0.26-0.40) had lower qualified rates of the educational attitudes of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students (P < 0.05). Conclusions The qualified rates of knowledge and behavior of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students in Luzhou City needs to be improved. Health education regarding sexual abuse prevention might help enhance primary school students' awareness and skills of sexual abuse prevention.

Preliminary construction of Professional Standards for Sexuality Education Teachers in Kindergarten in China

LI Jiayang, LIU Wenli, LI Yiyang

2024, 45(11): 1541-1544. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024336

Abstract(214) HTML (97) PDF(16)

Abstract:
Objective To establish the Professional Standards for Sexuality Education Teachers in Kindergarten in China, so as to provide a basis for strengthening the construction of the sexuality education teacher team in kindergartens and promoting the smooth implementation of sexuality education in kindergartens. Methods According to the Professional Standards for Kindergarten Teachers (Trial), combined with the existing research and practice results in the field of sexuality education at home and abroad and the development status of kindergarten sexuality education in China, the indicators and specific contents of Professional Standards for Sexuality Education Teachers in Kindergarten in China were selected. In September 2021, two rounds of Delphi expert consultation method were adopted to collect suggestions on professional standards from 34 experts in the field of sexuality education in China, and modifications were made according to the importance scores assessed by experts and specific suggestions until expert opinions converged. Then, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to assign weights to each indicator at each level, based on the relative importance between each two indicators at the same level as assessed by experts. Results The Professional Standards for Sexuality Education Teachers in Kindergarten in China were initially established, including 3 primary indexes (professional concept, professional ability and professional knowledge), 7 secondary indexes and 27 tertiary indexes. The recovery rate of the two rounds of consultation documents was 100%, indicating that the experts were highly motivated. The authority coefficient of 2 rounds of expert consultation were both greater than 0.70, proving that the consultation results were reliable. The index weights of the three dimensions of professional concept, professional knowledge and professional ability were 0.44, 0.32 and 0.25, respectively. Conclusion The content of the Professional Standards for Sexuality Education Teachers in Kindergarten in China is complete, and the minimum qualified standard for kindergarten teachers engaged in sexuality education is determined.

Association of the interaction effect of milk tea and takeaway consumption on overweight and obesity among college students

LI Hua, WANG Sai, SUN Fucai, SONG Jiancai

2024, 45(11): 1545-1550. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024325

Abstract(254) HTML (94) PDF(64)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the correlation between the consumption of milk tea and takeaway on overweight and obesity of college students, so as to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity among college students. Methods A questionnaire survey and physical test were conducted among 14 379 college students from 7 universities in Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hubei and Shanxi provinces from October to November 2023 by the convenient sampling method. The self-designed questionnaires on milk tea consumption and takeaway consumption were used to investigate the consumption of milk tea and takeaway among college students. The χ² test was used to compare the distribution difference of the detection rate of overweight and obesity among college students in different groups and different consumption frequency of milk tea and takeaway. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the consumption of milk tea takeaway and overweight and obesity. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among college students was 24.29%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among college students was statistically significant among gender, grade, single child or not and family economic status (χ²=308.72, 38.83, 15.49, 16.82, P < 0.01). In addition, there were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity with different takeaway consumption frequency and milk tea consumption frequency among college students (χ²=21.32, 46.32, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that different consumption frequency of milk tea (1-3, 4-5, ≤6 times for every week) were positively correlated with overweight and obesity(OR=1.62, 1.75, 2.39), and eating takeaway every day was also positively correlated with overweight and obesity (OR=1.32)(P < 0.01). Interaction analysis showed that frequent joint consumption of milk tea and takeaway was positively correlated with overweight and obesity of college students (OR=3.00, P < 0.01). Conclusions The consumptions of milk tea and takeaway are associated with overweight and obesity among college students. Colleges and relevant departments should take effective measures to intervene in overweight and obesity among college students.

Analysis of the current status and associated factors of nutritional literacy among primary and secondary school students in Beijing

GUO Dandan, HE Hairong, YU Bo, MA Rui, HUANG Liyu, ZHANG Yan, YAO Yihong, YU Xiaohui, DUAN Jiali, YU Yingjie

2024, 45(11): 1551-1554. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024333

Abstract(197) HTML (76) PDF(48)

Abstract:
Objective To understand the nutritional literacy level and associated factors of primary and secondary school students in Beijing, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving student nutrition. Methods From October 2022 to May 2023, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was employed to select a total of 14 568 primary, junior and senior high school students from 16 districts (ecluding the Economic-Technological Development area) in Beijing. Through a survey questionnaire on nutritional literacy and dietary hehavior of school-age children, basic information as well as data on nutritional literacy levels across four dimensions: nutrition related knowledge concepts, food selection, food preparation, and food intake dimensions were obtained. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression were used for the analysis. Results The median total score of nutritional literacy among primary and secondary school students in Beijing was 68.8. Approximately 26.0% of primary and secondary school students achieved nutritional literacy standards. The median scores and rates of meeting the standards for nutrition related knowledge concepts, food selection, food preparation and food intake dimensions were 23.0, 42.1%; 17.0, 27.4%; 6.5, 33.5%; 23.0, 33.3%, respectively. There were positive correlations between all pairs of the four dimensions (r=0.33-0.49, P < 0.05). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students, junior high school students, female students, suburban students, caregivers with a college education level and a bachelor's degree or above were the positive arrelation factors that promoted the achievement of nutritional literacy standards (OR=2.21, 1.39, 1.18, 1.27, 1.42, 1.66, P < 0.05). Conclusion The literacy level of primary and secondary school students in Beijing needs to be significantly improved. School stage, gender, region and caregiver's education level are associated factors.

Analysis of bullying prevalence and associated factors among middle school students in Shanghai

LI Shuman, ZHOU Xinyi, YAN Qiong, ZHANG Zhe, ZHAI Yani, LUO Chunyan, SUN Lijing

2024, 45(11): 1555-1559. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024322

Abstract(140) HTML (39) PDF(32)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the current status and associated factors of bullying behavior among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a reference basis for carrying out bullying intervention work. Methods From May to June 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 19 000 middle school students from 63 schools in 16 districts of Shanghai, and the Shanghai Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey of enrolled students. Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression analysis were employed to investigate the associated factors of bullying among middle school students. Results The prevalence of bullying behaviors in Shanghai was 15.5%, with males and junior high school students exhibiting the higher reporting rate(19.5%, 17.2%). And malicious teasing or name-calling had the highest reported rate at 9.4%. The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that fighting (OR=5.02), attempting to smoke (OR=3.22), having a feeling of sadness and hopelessness (OR=2.50) and getting drunk(OR=1.72) were positively associated with bullying behavior among middle school students. Fighting (OR=3.83-8.97), attempting to smoke (OR=2.92-5.52), having a feeling of sadness and hopelessness (OR=2.40-4.34), and getting drunk (OR=1.66-2.34) were positively correlated with 6 forms of bullying (malicious teasing or name-calling, intentionally damaging someone else's belongings, deliberately excluding someone from activities or isolating someone, threatening or intimidating others, hitting, kicking, or pushing someone, and verbally harassing or attacking someone online) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Bullying behavior of middle school students in Shanghai primarily presents as verbal harassment. In the future, greater attention should be directed towards bullies, and it should recognize potential hazards promptly and implement precise intervention measures.

Association of adverse childhood experiences with cumulative health risk behaviors among college students

ZHANG Fangfang, ZHANG Wencui, YANG Siyi, SHEN Ke, XI Chao

2024, 45(11): 1560-1564. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024341

Abstract(191) HTML (123) PDF(31)

Abstract:
Objective To understand cumulative health risk behaviors among college students and the association with adverse childhood experiences, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of health risk behaviors in this population. Methods From November to December 2022, four universities in Shanghai were selected using convenience sampling, and 3 039 students were selected for a questionnaire survey using random cluster sampling. The questionnaire covered general basic information, adverse childhood experiences and health risk behaviors. A latent class analysis was carried out to explore the latent classes of health risk behaviors among the college students and multivariate Logistic regression was performed to analyze the association between adverse childhood experiences and cumulative health risk behaviors. Results The health risk behaviors of college students were classified into three latent classes: a low-risk group (84.60%), a high-risk group for smoking and alcohol consumption (10.37%), and an excessive sugar intake group (5.03%). The proportion of three latent classes of health risk behaviors varied significantly by childhood neglect and abuse, family functioning and other adverse childhood experiences (χ²=210.67, 106.55, 104.41, P < 0.01). The results of the multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that childhood neglect and abuse, poor family functioning, and other adversities increased the risk in the high-risk group for smoking and alcohol consumption among college students (OR=6.24, 3.80, 3.68), as well as an childhood neglect and abuse increased the risk of the excessive sugar intake group among college students (OR=2.18) (P < 0.01). Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences are associated with clustered health risk behaviors. Proactive measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of negative childhood experiences, which would contribute to reduce the occurrence of health risk behaviors among college students.

A cross-lagged analysis of the co-occurrence of health-risk behaviors and school connectedness among junior high school students

XU Tao, ZHOU Xianwei, ZHANG Tiancheng, YANG Xuejing

2024, 45(11): 1565-1569. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024335

Abstract(127) HTML (44) PDF(22)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the causal relationship between adolescent school connectedness and the co-occurrence with health risk behaviors among junior high school students, so as to provide the reference for reducing the occurrence of adolescents' health risk behaviors among junior high school students. Methods A total of 924 students from two junior high schools in Jishou City were selected by the convenience sampling and cluster sampling methods, and two follow-up surveys were conducted at 6-month intervals in April (T1) and October (T2) of 2023 using the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Questionnaire and the School Connection Scale. The scores of the co-occurrence of school connectedness and health risk behaviors among junior high school students were compared by different survey periods and genders using the t-test, and cross-lagged analyses were performed using Mplus 8.3 software. Results School connectedness scores among junior high school students in T1 and T2 surveys were (38.86±7.46) (37.87±7.71) and co-occurrence of health risk behaviors scores were (1.64±0.68) (1.83±0.53), respectively, and the differences between the scores of the 2 surveys were statistically significant (t=4.24, -4.14, P < 0.05). The correlation between school connectedness and co-occurrence of health risk behaviors were statistically significant in both surveys (r=-0.46 to -0.33, P < 0.05). Cross-lagged analyses showed that school connectedness in T1 negatively predicted the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors in T2 (β=-0.08), and the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors in T1 negatively predicted the school connectedness in T2 (β=-0.15) (P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a longitudinal causal relationship between school connectedness and co-occurrence of health risk behaviors among junior high school students. School connectedness should be improved through various ways to reduce the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors.

Analysis of the current situation of sexting and its related factors among college students in Jiangxi Province

HUANG Duoqin, CHEN Jiangqing, WANG Hong, LI Li, ZHENG Yanan, GONG Xi

2024, 45(11): 1570-1574. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024352

Abstract(309) HTML (320) PDF(39)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of sexting among college students in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide a reference for sexual education interventions in colleges. Methods A combined method of random cluster sampling and convenience sampling was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey on 13 042 students from 14 colleges in Jiangxi Province in October 2023. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on sexting among students, and Chi-square tests and binary Logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the factors associated with sexting among college students in Jiangxi Province. Results The reported rate of sexting among college students in Jiangxi Province was 11.5%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that female students, non-only children, and those who do not view pornographic novels/videos/films had a lower likelihood of engaging in sexting (OR=0.72, 0.83, 0.23, P < 0.05). Students who identified as homosexual, lacked knowledge about AIDS, did not mind premarital sex, and had indifferent attitudes towards multiple sexual partners were more likely to engage in sexting (OR=1.66, 1.53, 1.25, 2.26, 1.78, P < 0.05). Students who smoke, drink, and report a history of high-risk sexual behavior were more likely to engage in sexting behavior (OR=1.38-12.20, P < 0.05); night owls showed a negative correlation with sexting behavior (OR=0.24-0.58, P < 0.05). Conclusions A significant proportion of college students in Jiangxi Province engage in sexting. It is recommended that colleges and universities strengthen their sexual education efforts and focus on cultivating internet literacy to promote the physical and mental health development of college students.

Influence of electronic screen teaching on college students' visual health

HE Wei, YE Miao, SONG Zhiyang

2024, 45(11): 1575-1578. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024320

Abstract(172) HTML (76) PDF(24)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the influence of classroom space environment on students' visual health under the teaching mode of electronic screen, so as to provide a scientific reference for establishing a classroom space environment that adapts to the development of teaching informatization. Methods In January 2024, 48 college students aged 18-21 were recruited from Neijiang Normal University. And visual fatigue evaluation indexes were used to assess the effects of brightness, brightness contrast, visual distance, visual task duration and glare on visual fatigue among college students. The relationship between different indexes and visual fatigue was obtained through multiple linear regression analysis, and the influence weights of different indexes were determined by the objective weighting method of criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC). Results The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that brightness, brightness contrast, visual distance, visual task duration and glare had significant effects on visual fatigue among college students (R²=0.91, 0.94, 0.99, 0.99, 0.98, P < 0.05). When the screen brightness was 200-400 cd/m² and the brightness contrast was 6∶1, the visual fatigue degree was the lowest. The visual distance of the third row-fifth row area had a better visual comfort. The longer the visual task time, the higher the visual fatigue degree became. In terms of weight, screen glare caused by classroom lighting had a greatest impact on visual fatigue, accounting for 24.09%, followed by visual task duration (23.41%), visual distance(20.80%), brightness contrast (17.81%), and screen brightness (13.89%). Conclusion The change of classroom space environment caused by electronic screen teaching is closely related to students' visual fatigue.

Random forest model analysis of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and fear of negative evaluation among college students

WANG Xingyu, MENG Sha, WANG Ying, CHANG Hongjuan

2024, 45(11): 1579-1583. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024342

Abstract(137) HTML (44) PDF(18)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the impact of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on fear of negative evaluation among college students using a random forest algorithm in order to provide empirical evidence to support mental health improvements. Methods In March 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to conduct an online survey with 5 750 college students from three universities in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A least squares regression model was employed to analyze whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies significantly influenced fear of negative evaluation. A random forest model was also constructed to identify predictors and rank the importance of various factors affecting fear of negative evaluation. Results The least squares regression model indicated that cognitive emotion regulation strategies significantly impacted fear of negative evaluation among college students (β=4.25, 95%CI=3.81-4.68, P < 0.05). Family support, including mild impairment (β=-2.71, 95%CI=-3.36 to -2.06, P < 0.05) and severe impairment in the domain (β=-1.64, 95%CI=-2.27 to -1.01, P < 0.05), were associated with increased fear. The random forest model further revealed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies, family support index, and academic ranking were the main factors affecting the fear of negative evaluation among college students. Conclusions Cognitive emotion regulation strategies are key factors influencing fear of negative evaluation among college students. Universities should provide enhanced mental health resources, offer training to strengthen cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and offer additional support to students with low family support.

Association of childhood maltreatment with physical and mental health among junior high school girls

XIE Qianru, HUANG Xiaoman, WEN Xue, WANG Gengfu

2024, 45(11): 1584-1588. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024296

Abstract(167) HTML (54) PDF(39)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the association of childhood maltreatment with physical and mental health in junior high school girls, so as to provide a basic data for the prevention of adolescent physical and mental health. Methods From April to June 2023, a total of 5 083 junior high school girls in six cities in Anhui Province were selected by a stratified cluster random sampling method and surveyed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Somatic Symptom Scale-8, 7-tiem Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Chi-quare test was used for inter group comparison, and Logistic regression analysis and Chi-quare trend test were used to explore the association of childhood maltreatment with physical and mental health of junior high school girls. Results About 34.3% of junior high school girls experienced at least one type of childhood maltreatment in elementary school and before, and the reporting rates of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect were 13.9%, 27.1%, 7.3%, 7.0% and 12.5%, respectively. Different types of childhood maltreatment were positively correlated with the detection of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and somatic symptoms (OR=2.53-6.90, P < 0.01). And as the number of childhood maltreatment increased, the detection possibilty of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and somatic symptoms in girls also increased (χ_trend²=446.42, 679.10, 396.36;1 type of childhood maltreatment: OR=2.20, 3.17, 2.72; more than 4 types of childhood maltreatment: OR=7.10, 15.60, 8.47, P < 0.01). Conclusion Childhood maltreatment is closely related to the physical and mental health of junior high school girls, and strengthening the prevention and control of childhood maltreatment can help alleviate the negative physical and mental health impacts on junior high school girls.

Latent profile analysis of academic burnout among primary and middle school students in Wuxi City

XIONG Chang, BAO Yebo, WANG Jihong, LI Zhijuan, QIAN Hongdan

2024, 45(11): 1589-1593. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024328

Abstract(169) HTML (91) PDF(25)

Abstract:
Objective To understand the current situation of academic burnout among primary and middle school students and to explore its associated factors, so as to provide a scientific guidance and preventing and amelioration academic burnout among primary and middle school students. Methods Between September and October 2023, a total of 10 474 primary and middle school students residing in Wuxi City participated in a questionnaire survey and physical examination conducted through stratified cluster random sampling. Latent profile analysis was used to classify academic burnout among primary and middle school students. Furthermore, differences in the types of academic burnout among children and adolescents with varying characteristics were examined using the Chi-square test. Additionally, multinomial Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the associated factors for academic burnout. Results The academic burnout of primary and middle school students was divided into 4 categories: no/light academic burnout group(43.6%), physical and mental exhaustion group (32.9%), low achievement group(15.0%), high physical and mental exhaustion/high academic burnout group(8.5%). Middle and high school students, boys, not living with parents, smoking, daily screen time ≥2 hours, suffering from campus bullying, sometimes/often subjected to cyber attacks, abused by parents were more likely to have high physical and mental exhaustion/high academic alienation among primary and middle school students (OR=1.70, 1.42, 1.56, 1.56, 2.31, 1.48, 2.94, 3.03, 5.94, 2.08, P < 0.01). Conclusions The phenomenon of academic burnout among primary and middle school students is prominent. And targeted intervention measures shoould be actively taken to prevent and reduce the occurrence of academic burnout among primary and middle school students.

Network analysis of campus bullying and anxiety symptoms among rural middle school students

ZHU Yiran, WANG Yuhao, WANG Yingxue, WANG Yihan, CAI Jialin, YAN Na, LUO Yunjiao, WANG Wei

2024, 45(11): 1594-1598. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024343

Abstract(188) HTML (73) PDF(35)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the network structure characteristics and core items of rural middle school students suffering from campus bullying and anxiety symptoms, so as to provide a reference basis for the precise prevention and intervention of the comorbidity of campus bullying and anxiety symptoms. Methods From September 2021 to March 2022, a multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 920 rural middle school students from Xuzhou. The Chinese version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used to investigate the situation of campus bullying, and the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms. The network analysis method was used to construct the network between suffering from campus bullying and anxiety symptoms of rural middle school students to evaluate the centrality, bridge strength, stability and accuracy of each item. Results The total score of suffering from campus bullying symptoms of rural middle school students was (10.42±3.26) points, and the total score of anxiety symptoms was (11.47±4.93) points. The symptom with the highest strength and expected influence was "unable to stop or control one's worry emotions", and the node strength and expected influence value was 1.041 7. The nodes "feel nervous, anxious or irritable" and "unable to stop or control one's worry emotions" were most closely related. The symptoms with the highest bridge strength were "others give me ugly nicknames to scold me or make fun of and satirize me" and "unable to stop or control one's worry emotions". Conclusions Rural middle school students' suffering from campus bullying is related to anxiety symptoms. Accurate intervention according to the intervention targets may minimize the negative impact of suffering from campus bullying and anxiety symptoms on rural middle school students.

Role of parenting style in the relationship between parental involvement and aggressive behavior in nursery child

XIE Xinran, ZHANG Xiaomei

2024, 45(11): 1599-1603. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024316

Abstract(301) HTML (129) PDF(40)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the moderating effect of parenting style on parental involvement in education and aggressive behavior of nursery child, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting the healthy development of nursery child behavior. Methods From March 2023 to February 2024, through a stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 509 parents from 12 kindergartens in Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces were investigated by using Parental Involvement Questionnaire, Parental Reported Aggression Behavior Subscale of Child Behavior Checklist, Parenting Styles, and Dimensions Questionnaire. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for group comparison, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between parental involvement, aggressive behavior in nursery child and parenting style. Stratified linear regression analysis was used to investigate the moderating effect of parenting style on parental involvement and aggressive behavior in young children. Results There was a significant positive correlation of aggressive behavior in nursery child with authoritarian parenting styles and indulgent parenting styles (r=0.53, 0.52, P < 0.01). Aggression behavior in nursery child was negatively associated with authoritative parenting styles, home communication, in-school participation, and in-home participation (r=-0.15, -0.12, -0.09, -0.10, P < 0.01). The regulatory effect results showed that authoritative and authoritarian parenting style had a statistically significant moderating effect on parental involvement and aggressive behavior in nursery child (β=0.12, -0.11, P < 0.01), while permissive parenting styles had no statistically significant moderating effect on parental involvement and aggressive behavior (β=-0.01, P>0.05). Conclusions Parents' involvement in education is closely related to nursery child's aggressive behavior. The authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles moderate the relationship between parental involvement and aggressive behavior in nursery child, while the permissive parenting styles does not.

Developmental trajectory and interaction between loneliness and social support among middle school students

CHEN Ziyi, ZHANG Tiancheng, ZHANG Fulan, ZHOU Xianwei, LIU Yang, MA Yuanyuan, CHEN Yiyi, WANG Aolun, GUO Shuyuan

2024, 45(11): 1604-1608. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024327

Abstract(147) HTML (75) PDF(22)

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the developmental trajectories of middle school students' loneliness and social support, as well as to explore the interaction between loneliness and social support, so as to provide the evidence-based support for the mental health development of adolescents. Methods A total of 989 first-year students from four public middle schools in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province were selected for three follow-up surveys by a cluster random sampling method (T1:March 2023, T2:June 2023, T3:December 2023). The UCLA Loneliness Scale-20 (ULS-20) and Social Support Scale for University Students (SSSUS) were employed for questionnaire data collection. The growth mixture modeling was utilized to test the developmental trajectories of loneliness and social support among middle school students, while the cross-lagged analysis was performed to investigate their mutual influence. Results The scores for loneliness and social support in T1, T2 and T3 were (43.1±5.8, 42.5±6.8, 42.0±6.9; 55.9±12.0, 60.7±15.7, 60.4±16.7), respectively. Correlational analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between loneliness levels (T1, T2, T3) and social support (T1, T2, T3) (r=-0.47 to -0.36, P < 0.01). Growth mixture modeling indicated a linear declining trend of middle school students' loneliness, and the developmental trajectory of social support showed a linear increasing trend, with significant individual differences in initial levels and rates of change (P < 0.05). Cross-lagged analyses revealed that loneliness levels at T1 negatively predicted social support scores at T2 (β=-0.16), and loneliness levels at T2 negatively predicted social support scores at T3 (β=-0.12) (P < 0.05). Additionally, prior loneliness positively predicted its subsequent levels, with path coefficients of 0.58 and 0.47, respectively (P < 0.05). Social support scores at T1 negatively predicted loneliness levels at T2 (β=-0.10), while scores at T2 negatively predicted loneliness levels at T3 (β=-0.15) (P < 0.05). Prior loneliness also positively predicted its subsequent levels, with path coefficients of 0.43 and 0.44, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion The developmental trajectory of middle school students' loneliness demonstrates a decreasing trend, while that of social support exhibits a linear increasing trend, indicating a longitudinal causal relationship between loneliness and social support.

Association of tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage and insufficient sleep with depressive symptoms among middle school students

BAO Xiaoyan, HUANG Yuting, DU Wei, LUO Chunyan, YANG Dongling, ZHANG Zhe, FAN Lijun, ZHANG Fengyun

2024, 45(11): 1609-1613. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024334

Abstract(162) HTML (84) PDF(30)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the association of tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage and insufficient sleep with depressive symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide a reference for improving mental health of middle school students. Methods In accordance with the cluster random sampling method, a total of 18 484 middle school students in Shanghai were surveyed from September to November 2022. Tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage and sleep duration with depressive symptoms were assessed using the relevant scale items included in the questionnaire of Surveillance for Common Disease and Health Risk Factors among Students. The χ² test was used for inter group comparison, Logistic regression analysis and likelihood ratio test were used to analyze the independent and aggregated associations of tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet use and insufficient sleep wiht depressive symptoms. Results Self-reported rates of tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage, insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms among adolescents were 14.7%, 73.5% and 16.3%, respectively. Tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage (OR=2.69, 95%CI=2.44-2.97) and insufficient sleep (OR=1.76, 95%CI=1.58-1.95) were associated with depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Compared to middle school students with no tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage and sufficient sleep, those with both tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage and insufficient sleep showed the higher rate of depressive symptoms (OR=4.71, 95%CI=4.08-5.44, P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis results showed that, compared to the boys and the high school students, the separate and joint association of tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage and insufficient sleep with depressive symptoms were more pronounced in the girls and the middle-school students [OR(95%CI) for tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage were 3.09 (2.68-3.56) and 4.74 (3.86-5.83), respectively; OR(95%CI) for insufficient sleep were 1.86 (1.60-2.17) and 2.00 (1.58-2.53), respectively; and the OR(95%CI) for the joint association were 6.05 (5.01-7.31) and 9.15 (6.98-11.99), respectively, P < 0.05]. Conclusions Tobacco/alcohol-excessive Internet usage and insufficient sleep are associated with depressive symptoms in middle school students. Prevention and control strategies for adolescent mental health should be developed with consideration of health-related behaviors, and also need to be tailored by focusing on gender and grade differences.

Relationship of parental control and peer relationship with pro-social behavior among junior high school students

QI Zhiyuan, QI Zhenghao, HAN Wengeng, HAN Mei, HAN Hui

2024, 45(11): 1614-1618. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024326

Abstract(176) HTML (74) PDF(21)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the relationship of parental control and peer relationship with pro-social behavior among junior high school students, so as to provide methods and strategies for promoting pro-social behavior among junior high school students. Methods From June to July 2022, a combination of convenience sampling and cluster random sampling methods was used to select three junior high schools from Suzhou and Xuancheng in Anhui Province. A total of 2 564 students from the first to the third year of junior high school were administered questionnaires, including the Parental Control Questionnaire, the Pro-social Scale, and the Adolescent Peer Relationship Scale. Measurement data was analyzed by t-test or ANOVA, correlation analysis by Pearson correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis by Process analysis. Results Boys (185.31±27.49, 21.65±7.43, 21.77±8.18, 69.50±11.41, 72.39±11.53) scored higher than girls (178.21±25.13, 20.08±7.09, 20.61±7.62, 66.56±11.14, 70.95±11.84) in the parental control and four dimensions of father psychological control, mother psychological control, father behavioral control and mother behavioral control (t=6.83, 5.47, 3.70, 6.60, 3.12), and girls scored higher than boys on peer relationship (48.41±11.26, 47.13±10.84)(t=-2.95) (P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in scores for parental control, parental psychological control, maternal psychological control, paternal behavioral control, maternal behavioral control, peer relationships, and pro-social behavior among junior high school students of different grades (F=9.44, 12.87, 13.61, 6.84, 4.12, 42.85, 2.98, P < 0.05). Parental control scores were positively correlated with pro-social behavior scores, and pro-social behavior scores were negatively correlated with peer relationships scores (r=0.32, -0.19, P < 0.01). Peer relationships partially mediate between parental control and pro-social behavior, with a mediation effect value of -0.02, accounting for 6.79% of the total effect.And there was a masking effect between parental psychological control and pro-social behavior. Conclusions Excessive parental control is associated with the decrease of pro-social behaviors among junior high school students, while good peer relationship acts as a mediator to increase pro-social behavior among junior high school students. Therefore, good family parenting styles and guiding adolescents to positive peer interactions are conducive to promoting the development of behavioral norms and socialization and fostering pro-social behavior.

Current status and associated factors of high blood pressure among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang in 2023

DENG Xixi, LIN Qin, PAN Kai, DANIEL Abduweli, XIA Rongxiang, ZHE Wei

2024, 45(11): 1619-1624. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024351

Abstract(162) HTML (73) PDF(43)

Abstract:
Objective To analyze and assess the current status of high blood pressure and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang in 2023, so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control decision-making of high blood pressure among students. Methods From September to November 2023, a total of 94 205 primary and secondary school students aged 8-17 from 14 prefectures and cities in Xinjiang, were selected for physical measurement and questionnaire survey using a stratified clustering random sampling method. The χ² test was employed to compare differences in high blood pressure rates among students with varying characteristics. Additionally, a Logistic regression model was developed to analyze associated factors with high blood pressure among primary and secondary school students. Results The overall high blood pressure rate among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang was 8.18%, with simple systolic hypertension being the main type at 52.16%. By educational stages, high blood pressure rates for elementary school (grades 4-6), middle school, high school and vocational high school were 8.04%, 8.59%, 7.65%, and 9.72% respectively (χ²=29.16, P < 0.01). The high blood pressure rates among obese and overweight students were 9.93% and 17.88% respectively, significantly higher than 5.32% among normal weight students (χ²=1 643.14, P < 0.01). The high blood pressure rate among urban students (8.73%) was higher than that of rural students (7.15%) (χ²=71.58, P < 0.01). Logistic regression model analysis showed increased high blood pressure risk for girls than boys (OR=1.06); middle school, high school, and vocational high school students had increased high blood pressure risk compared to elementary school students (OR=1.22, 1.16, 1.70); rural students had lower high blood pressure risk than urban students (OR=0.90); the risk of high blood pressure in overweight and obese groups was higher than that in the normal group (OR=1.54, 3.00), and the risk of high blood pressure in boarding students was lower than that in non boarding students (OR=0.71)(P < 0.01). Conclusions In Xinjiang in 2023, primary and secondary school students have a certain rate of high blood pressure, mainly characterized by elevated systblood pressure lower. The main prevention and control targets are females, urban residents, those in higher academic stages, non-boarding students, as well as overweight and obese primary and secondary school students.

Role of class relationship in the influence of perceived discrimination on pro-social behavior of left-behind junior middle school students

QUAN Xiaoshan, YANG Jimei, CHAI Jieyu, QIU Tianlong, SUN Ji

2024, 45(11): 1625-1628. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024344

Abstract(119) HTML (70) PDF(23)

Abstract:
Objective To examine the Longitudinal influence of perceived discrimination on pro-social behavior of left alone junior middle school students and to explore the longitudinal mediating role of teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship, so as to provide a reference for improving pro-social behavior of left-behind junior middle school students. Methods The Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire, Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire, Classmate Relationship Questionnaire and Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire were used to conduct two follow up surveys on 930 left-behind junior middle school students in Guizhou Province at two time points, in mid-November 2021(T1) and mid-May 2022(T2). Deviation corrected Bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating effect of T2 teacher-student relationship and T2 classmate relationship on the impact of T1 discrimination perception on T2 pro-social behavior. Results The perceptions of discrimination, teacher-student relationship, classmate relationship, and pro-social behavior scores of the left-behind junior high school students were (1.98±0.94) (4.13±0.77) (3.54±0.91) (3.52±0.75) for T1, and (3.98±0.83)(3.42±0.86)(3.48±0.72) for teacher-student relationship, classmate relationships and pro-social behavior scrores of T2. After controlling for gender, age and self-assessment of family economic status, T1 perceived discrimination negatively predicted T2 pro-social behavior (β=-0.07); and T1 perceived discrimination indirectly influenced T2 pro-social behavior through T2 teacher-student relationship, and mediated effect value was -0.02(95%CI=-0.02 to -0.01); and T1 perceived discrimination indirectly influenced T2 pro-social behavior through T2 classmate relationship, mediated effect was -0.03(95%CI=-0.05 to -0.02)(P < 0.05). Conclusions Perceived discrimination not only directly reduces pro-social behavior of left-behind junior middle school students, but also indirectly and negatively affects pro-social behavior of left alone junior middle school students by reducing teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship.

A case-control study of dietary behavior and central precocious puberty among children

CHEN Xue, AN Wenhua, XIONG Zhaoying, FAN Yiwei, LIU Hongxiu, LI Ruizhen

2024, 45(11): 1629-1633. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024345

Abstract(149) HTML (46) PDF(22)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the relationship between dietary behavior, dietary frequency and central precocious puberty (CPP) among children in Wuhan, so as to provide a scientific basis for elucidating the possible and related dietary factors leading to precocious puberty. Methods From February to December 2023, 100 children with CPP and 100 healthy children were collected in Wuhan Children's Hospital for a case-control study. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect demographic information, child lifestyle, as well as dietary behavior and dietary frequency in the past six months. Conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship of children's dietary behavior and dietary frequency with CPP. Results No associations were found between three dietary behavior, including emotional eating, restrictive eating, and external eating, with CPP at baseline (P>0.05). In the association analysis of dietary frequency and CPP, the risk of CPP was higher in those who consumed red meat >5 times/week (OR=1.93, 95%CI=1.01-3.68), carbonated beverages ≥4 times/month (OR=2.70, 95%CI=1.03-7.08), fruit juices ≥4 times/month (OR=2.31, 95%CI=1.02-5.25), and nutritional supplementation (OR=2.77, 95%CI=1.47-5.22), whereas the risk of CPP was lower in those who consumed nuts ≥4 times/month (OR=0.21, 95%CI=0.08-0.57) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Consumption of higher amounts of red meat, high frequency of carbonated and juice-based sugary drinks, and nutrient supplementation may be contributing factors to the development of CPP, whereas regular consumption of nuts is less likely to be associated with the development of CPP.

Analysis of gender differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among high school students

MIAO Zhipeng, WANG Yijin, YUAN Hanyan, SONG Meifang, JIN Zican, WU Yifei, CHEN Xinyi, CHENG Qinglin

2024, 45(11): 1634-1637. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024339

Abstract(157) HTML (74) PDF(23)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the current status of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding tuberculosis(TB)prevention and control among high school students, and to compare differences between male and female students, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted TB prevention and control measures in high schools. Methods From April to May 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey among 1 912 students from 10 high schools using a-compiled questionnaire on KAP towards TB prevention and control. The AMOS 26.0 software was utilized to construct structural equation modeling (SEM) and compared the difference among genders. Results The overall awareness rate of core TB knowledge among high school students in Gongshu District was 76.62%. Additionally, core knowledge about TB (6.28±1.44), prevention attitudes (6.02±1.84), and prevention practices (6.38±2.11) scores of female students were higher than those of male students (5.96±1.74, 5.59±2.21, 6.15±2.23) (t=4.31, 4.64, 2.25, P < 0.05). The SEM showed that knowledge had a strong positive impact on practices and attitudes among boys, with total effect values of 0.963 and 0.819, respectively; while the positive influence of attitudes on practices was relatively weak, with a total effect value of 0.186. Among girls, attitudes had a positive impact on practices and knowledge, with total effect values of 0.479 and 0.222, respectively. Conclusions The pathways and strengths of influence of KAP in the SEM of TB prevention and control differ between male and female high school students. Therefore, differentiated strategies should be implemented for TB health education targeting male and female high school students.

Association of cysteine level and bone mineral density among children with cerebral palsy

YANG Jiewen, HUANG Shaoyi, HUANG Shan, DENG Haorong, CHEN Yajun

2024, 45(11): 1638-1643. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024346

Abstract(87) HTML (37) PDF(13)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the association between cysteine level and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) among children with cerebral palsy, so as to provide a basis for bone health enhancement among children with cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 149 children aged 10-18 with cerebral palsy who were admitted to the G city Social Welfare Institute (Luogang District) from January 2023 to January 2024. Basic demographic characteristics of children with cerebral palsy were extracted from medical records system. Cysteine levels were measured using the enzyme cycling method. LS BMD of the children was determined by specialized rehabilitation physicians using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the corrected BMD Z-scores for LS were calculated. Non-restrictive cubic splines and segmented multiple linear regression were employed to analyze the correlation between cysteine levels and age-specific height Z-scores (HAZ-scores) for LS BMD in children with cerebral palsy. Results The median cysteine concentration in children with cerebral palsy was 9.13(8.42, 10.30)μmol/L, with significantly higher levels in spastic type children [9.28(8.53, 10.49)μmol/L] compared to non-spastic types [8.64(7.89, 9.66)μmol/L](Z=-2.46, P < 0.05). The median LS BMD HAZ-score was -1.07(-2.10, -0.16), and the detection rate of decreased bone mass was 29.5%. There was an "L"-shaped association between serum homocysteine concentration and LS BMD HAZ-score in children with cerebral palsy. When serum homocysteine concentration was below 8.7 μmol/L, a significant negative correlation was observed between LS BMD HAZ-score and serum homocysteine concentration (B=-0.32, 95%CI=-1.06 to -0.15, P < 0.05). Conclusions The significant negative correlation between cysteine levels and LS BMD in children with cerebral palsy at lower cysteine concentrations, which suggests a potentially higher sensitivity to the influence of homocysteine than healthy children and adolescents, warranting attention even if not reaching the standard of hyperhomocysteinemia.

Correlation of milk tea consumption with comorbid overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among college students

LI Shengpeng, LIANG Dingxiong, SU Fan, SONG Yongjing, SHA Mian, XU Jiali, SONG Jiancai, GONG Ling

2024, 45(11): 1644-1647. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024337

Abstract(135) HTML (83) PDF(32)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the association of milk tea consumption with comorbid of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among college students, so as to provide a reference for promoting the physical and mental health of college students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted from August to October 2023 using convenience sampling among 13 920 students from nine universities in Shanghai, Jiangxi, and Hubei provinces (municipality directly under the central government). Information on college students' demographic characteristics, milk tea consumption, overweight/obesity status, and depressive symptoms was collected. Chi-square tests were used to compare the association between different demographic characteristics and milk tea consumption with comorbid overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to infer the strength of the association. Results The detection rate of comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms was 5.8% among college students. The univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the detection rate of comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among various groups, including gender, grade, parents' education level, only child status, family economic status, meeting moderate to high levels of physical activity standards, sleep quality, and frequent fast food consumption (χ²=82.10, 23.07, 8.91, 10.87, 4.56, 47.60, 17.60, 386.74, 96.61, P < 0.05). There were also statistically significant differences between groups based on milk tea consumption frequency and quantity (χ²=42.12, 38.76, P < 0.01). Compared with the group of without consuming milk tea, Logistic regression analysis showed that college students who consumed milk tea 4-5 times and ≥6 times had higher risk of comorbid overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms (OR=1.98, 2.46), and college students who consumed 1-1 500 mL and ≥3 000 mL of milk tea also had higher comorbidity risk (OR=1.52, 1.22) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Frequent and excessive milk tea consumption among college students may increase the risk of comorbid of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms. It is recommended to reduce the frequency and quantity of milk tea consumption to improve college students' physical and mental health.

Relationship of outdoor activities and sedentary behaviors and sleep with poor vision among primary and secondary school students

XU Xing, ZHU Yi, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Yaxin, TAO Fangbiao, XU Shaojun

2024, 45(11): 1648-1652. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024347

Abstract(206) HTML (112) PDF(46)

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the effects of outdoor activities, sedentary behaviors and sleep duration on the risk of poor vision among primary and secondary school students after replacing them with each other, so as to provide a reference for precise intervention in the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents. Methods From March to May 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 6 132 students in grades 4 to 12 in Hefei, Wuhu, Suzhou and Chizhou cities in Anhui Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the basic information, outdoor activities, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration, and a visual inspection was carried out by 5 m standard logarithmic visual acuity chart. The single activity model, segmentation model and isotemporal substitution model were used to analyze the relationship between outdoor activities, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and poor vision, and stratified analysis was performed by gender. Results The detection rate of poor vision among the 6 132 primary and secondary school students was 76.9%, and the detection rate of poor vision was higher for girls (81.1%) than for boys (72.6%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=61.37, P < 0.01). The results of the single activity model and segmentation model showed that outdoor activity and sleep duration were correlated with a reduced risk of poor vision in primary and secondary school students (OR=0.87, 0.88; 0.88, 0.91), while sedentary behavior was correlated with an increased risk of poor vision (OR=1.05, 1.03) (P < 0.05). The results of the isotemporal substitution model showed that replacing the same amount of sedentary behavior with 1 h/d of outdoor activity was associated with 15% reduction in the risk of poor vision (OR=0.85), and replacing the same amount of sedentary behavior with 1 h/d of sleep was associated with a 12% reduction in the risk of poor vision (OR=0.88) (P < 0.05). The results of the isotemporal substitution model stratified by gender showed that replacing the same amount of sedentary behavior with 1 h/d of outdoor activity and 1 h/d of sleep were associated with 22% and 8% reduction in the risk of poor vision in male students (OR=0.78, 0.92), and replacing the same amount of sedentary behavior with 1 h/d of sleep was associated with 18% reduction in the risk of poor vision in female students (OR=0.82) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Replacing sedentary behavior with 1 h/d of outdoor activity for boys and 1 h/d of sleep for girls and boys could reduce the risk of poor vision.

Health risk assessment of trichlormethane in school drinking water of Jiangsu Province

FEI Juan, YU Yang, ZHENG Hao, DING Zhen

2024, 45(11): 1653-1656. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024348

Abstract(132) HTML (71) PDF(18)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of trichlormethane in school drinking water in Jiangsu Province, and to evaluate the health risks and influencing factors of students exposed to trichlormethane, so as to provide a scientific basis for the disinfection and safety of school drinking water. Methods A total of 315 schools (123 primary schools, 142 junior high schools, 20 high schools, and 30 universities) in Jiangsu Province were selected by a stratified sampling method. Water samples in the wet period (from July to September) of 2023 and in the dry period (from January to March) of 2024 in each school were collected, and 630 drinking water samples were collected. According to the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water (GB/T 5750-2023), drinking water samples were analyzed for trichlormethane, and the health risks of trichlormethane exposure in drinking water for students were assessed using the health risk assessment method recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency. The Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to analyze concentrations and health risks of trichlormethane in school drinking water in different groups. Results The concentration of trichlormethane in school drinking water in Jiangsu Province was 8.9 (4.6, 14.0) μg/L. The carcinogenic risk of trichlormethane in school drinking water was 9.8×10^-6 (5.3×10^-6, 1.7×10^-5), which was an acceptable low risk. The amount of drinking water per unit body weight and the concentration of trichlormethane in tap water samples were important factors affecting the carcinogenic risk in drinking water for students. Comparison of carcinogenic risks exposed to trichlormethane in drinking water were as follows: primary school students in lower grades had the highest risk of carcinogenesis, with a risk of 1.2×10^-5, the wet period (1.3×10^-5) >the dry period (7.6×10^-6), river source water (1.0×10^-5) >lake source water (6.8×10^-6), liquid chlorine disinfection (1.1×10^-5) > sodium hypochlorite disinfection (9.3×10^-6), conventional treatment (1.4×10^-5) > advanced treatment (9.6×10^-6), with statistically significant differences (Z=88.1, 3.7, -3.2, -2.7, P < 0.05). The non-carcinogenic risk of trichlormethane in school drinking water was 1.4×10^-2 for less than 1, and the non-carcinogenic risk was acceptable. Conclusions The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of trichlormethane in school drinking water are acceptable in Jiangsu Province, and the primary school students in lower grades are key indicators for risk management of trichlormethane in drinking water. According to the characteristics of the source water, appropriate disinfection methods and water treatment processes are selected to reduce the content of trichlormethane and control health risk.

Research progress on the impact and intervention of early life factors on gut microbiota and childhood obesity

XIA Zhiwei, GONG Zhaolong, SUN Jing, GUO Xin, LI Yan, HUO Junsheng

2024, 45(11): 1657-1662. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024314

Abstract(105) HTML (48) PDF(21)

Abstract:
Childhood obesity is one of the major global public health challenges and has a profound impact on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. The article summarizes the establishment of gut microbiota in early life and the influences of early nutritional status and feeding patterns, maternal and infant microbiota transmission, delivery methods and the use of antibiotics on gut microbiota and childhood obesity. The paper focuses on the possibility of using the structural characteristics of gut microbiota (gene richness and evenness, relative abundance ratio and key indicator bacteria) as potential interventional targets and predictors of intervention effects in childhood obesity, and introduces the application of probiotics and other biological agents, as well as fecal microbiota transfer for the childhood obesity intervention, and briefly describes the latest progress in the mechanism of gut microbiota and childhood obesity, so as to provide the reference for the precise prevention and control of childhood obesity.

Research progress on social media exposure, appearance anxiety and media health literacy among adolescents

LI Tao, WANG Geer, FENG Hexia

2024, 45(11): 1663-1667. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024349

Abstract(367) HTML (149) PDF(74)

Abstract:
Digitalization provides adolescents with a variety of ways to entertain and socialize, but the new media environment may pose certain risks to their mental health. The paper expounds the relationship between social media exposure and social appearance anxiety, as well as the mediating role of social comparison. It also would enhance media health literacy as a potential solution. The aim is to clarify the formation mechanism of social appearance anxiety among adolescents in the digital media environment and provide governance recommendations to reduce social appearance anxiety among adolescents, so as to better help adolescents to resist risks and grow up healthy in the digital age.

Research progress on the effects of family environment on physical activity among children and adolescents

TANG Yanli, HAO Xiaocen, YANG Yuhang

2024, 45(11): 1668-1672. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024338

Abstract(282) HTML (72) PDF(50)

Abstract:
In recent years, the level of physical activity among children and adolescents in China has been gradually declining, and it is significantly impacted by the family environment. The article illustrated how physical activity level of children and adolescents is impacted by the family's natural material environment, which mainly includes the family's residential environment, economic status, screen environment, and sports facilities, as well as by the psychosocial environment which reflects the family's psychological status, intimacy, parenting style and internal structure. The aim is to provide a reference for research on the impact of the family environment on the physical activity of children and adolescents.

2024 Vol. 45, No. 11