中国学校卫生

Release report of the Eighth National Survey on Student Physical Fitness and Health

Department of Physical Health and Arts Education Ministry of Education

2021, 42(9): 1281-1282. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.001

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In 2019 the Ministry of Education and other departments launched the Eighth National Survey on Student Physical Fitness and Health in accordance with the National Student Physique and Health Survey System approved by the State Council in 1987.The general improvement student physical and health in China has been made and the primary factors enhaneing students' physical fitness and health have been put forward.In terms of the findings in this survey the following relevant arrangements are proposed comprehensively strengthening and improving school physical education implementing school health and health education policy requirements continuing comprehensive prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents and implementing the national plan for the construction of healthy schools.

Accurate and scientific implementation and significance of the Eighth National Survey on Students Physical Fitness and Health

MA Jun

2021, 42(9): 1283-1284,1287. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.002

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In 2019, the Eighth National Survey on Students Physical Fitness and Health was conducted in 1 258 schools in 93 prefectures and cities in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). The National Survey of Students' Physical Fitness and Health has ensured the scientificity of the survey design from the aspects of sample composition and survey content, and formed a systematic organization and coordination and quality control system. It is an important part of school physical education, health and health education, and it can timely, dynamically, comprehensively and scientifically master students' physical fitness and health, and serve the needs of the country and social and economic development, to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of National Child and adolescent health-related policies.

Actively promoting research on health effects of children's multi-source environmental exposure

SHI Xiaoming

2021, 42(9): 1285-1287. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.003

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Children are at a critical stage of growth and development, with immature organ and system development, and are a vulnerable population to environmental pollution. Exposure to environmental hazards during childhood is an important risk factor for adult diseases, and assessing health risks posed by environmental pollutants to children and taking proactive interventions to reduce the risks are of great importance in the early prevention and control of diseases. Environmental factors affecting children's health include environmental pollution, meteorological factors, blood lead and environmental allergens in children, and the results are expected to provide scientific reference for formulating targeted interventions to reduce damage to children's health. Given wide range of environmental pollutants and emergence of new pollutants, we should strengthen research on impact of multi-source environmental exposure of emerging pollutants on children's health and its possible mechanisms in future. On the basis, intervention studies should be carried out to reduce damage of environmental factors on children's health.

Design and construction of exercise prescription teaching mode in school physical education curriculum

XING Cong

2021, 42(9): 1288-1292. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.004

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Objective Based on the teaching goal of "self-designed exercise prescription plans that meet their own characteristics", the teaching content and perfermance evaluation system are built, and the teaching implementation path is designed. The teaching mode of exercise prescription takes four aspects as the main contents of PE course teaching, namely, the cognition of students' physical state, the monitoring of physical state, the design of exercise prescription and the implementation of exercise prescription.According to Bloom's learning classification, five implementation steps of health care knowledge learning, prescription preparation, prescription implementation, effect feedback and prescription adjustment were set up.With the help of "Internet+teaching" approach, the teaching efficiency of abstract sports technology and health care theory is promoted, and the in-class and after-class connection is made to expand the space-time conditions of physical education teaching. In order to enhance the fairness and accuracy of performance evaluation, an evaluation system should be established with the main contents of mastering and applying health care knowledge, making and implementing sports prescription, and cultivating sports interest and habits. Exercise prescription teaching mode has the characteristics of health education leading, sports and health care knowledge system, new teaching methods and means integration, sports performance evaluation fairness, respect for students' individuality and subjectivity.

Risk factors for children's blood lead levels in one city of Jiangsu

XU Ning, YU Chuanchuan, LYU Xifang, DING Zhen, SUN Hong, WU Kang, ZHANG Yuqing, WANG Qiang

2021, 42(9): 1293-1296,1301. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.005

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Objective To understand the level and risk factor of lead exposure among children in one city of Jiangsu. Methods In northern Jiangsu Province, 373 children from 2 primary schools were enrolled and were tested for blood lead and heavy metal exposure. Lead exposure was tested in household dust of 46 children. A multivariate Logistic regression was used for lead exposure risk analysis. Spatial distribution of lead contamination in household dust was conducted and compared with the location of industrial enterprises. Results The geometric mean of blood lead in 373 children was 25.80 mg/L, the blood lead of 3 children (0.8%) was more than 100 mg/L. Pencil biting (OR=4.26, 95%CI=1.61-10.68, P < 0.05) and lead contamination in surrounding environment (OR=2.93, 95%CI=1.24-7.34, P=0.02) was positively related to high blood lead level in children. The geometric mean household dust lead concentrations in 46 children was 302.27 μg/mg, and household with high dust lead levels were mainly located around manufacturing enterprises. Conclusion Environmental factors correlate with blood lead level in children. Efficient strategies and public health policies are urgently needed to control and prevent environmental lead pollution. Families and schools should actively carry out health education to engourage children good hygiene habits, and effectively reduce lead exposure.

Effects of high temperature on children's emergency admissions during summer from 2016 to 2018 in Beijing

ZHONG Yu, CHEN Chen, WANG Qing, LI Tiantian

2021, 42(9): 1297-1301. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.006

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Objective To explore the adverse effects of high temperature on emergency admissions of children during the summer in Beijing. Methods Child emergency admissions was collected from 30 hospitals in Beijing during the summer of 2016-2018, as well as data related to meteorological factors and air pollutant concentrations. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between the daily mean temperature and emergency admissions of children due to total non-accidental diseases, circulatory diseases, and respiratory diseases during the summer in Beijing. Results During the summer of 2016 to 2018 in Beijing, the daily mean temperature was (24.06±3.59)℃, and the daily mean relative humidity was (65.08±17.45)%. Every 1 ℃ increase in the daily mean temperature on the day of exposure had a significant effect on emergency admissions of children, aged 0-14 years old, due to total non-accidental diseases and respiratory diseases in Beijing, such that the risk of emergency admissions increased by 0.21, 0.64 times, respectively. The effect of high temperature on emergency admissions due to circulatory diseases was not significant. High temperature had inconsistent effects on emergency admissions of children from different age groups. Among them, the largest increase in the risk of emergency admissions due to total non-accidental diseases was observed among children aged 5-9 years old, while children aged 0-4 were vulnerable to emergency admissions for respiratory diseases, and emergency admissions for circulatory diseases were the highest among children aged 10-14. Conclusion High temperature had a significant effect on emergency admissions of children during the summer in Beijing. Pediatric respiratory diseases are sensitive diseases that are associated with a high temperature in summer, and greater attention should be given to this issue.

Risk factors for bronchial asthma in children with allergic rhinitis

YE Maoxin, LIU Chuanhe, SHA Li, GU Qinglong, ZHAO Jing

2021, 42(9): 1302-1305,1310. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.007

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Objective To explore the risk factors of bronchial asthma in children with allergic rhinitis, and to provide evidence for the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis. Methods Children with allergic rhinitis and children with allergic rhinitis and asthma, who attended the Allergy Clinic of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from November 2019 to October 2020, were recruited for the study. Medical history, clinical characteristics, allergen types and risk factors were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 117 children with allergic rhinitis and 111 children with allergic rhinitis that subsequently developed into asthma were included. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis was associated with the course of rhinitis, severity of rhinitis, type of rhinitis, seasonal onset, history of pet contact, family history of allergic diseases, mold, ragweed, dermatophagoides culinae and dust mite sensitization(χ²=6.15, 8.79, 3.99, 9.44, 5.17, 4.43, 8.48, 10.38, 6.18, 5.31, P < 0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that rhinitis severity(OR=7.03), family history of allergic diseases(OR=8.24), mold(OR=5.19), and household dust mite sensitization (OR=25.25) were positively correlated with the occurrence of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis(P < 0.05), and dust mite sensitization was the strongest risk factor. Conclusion The development of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis is affected by many factors, among which the severity of rhinitis, family history of allergic diseases and dust mite sensitization are the most important factors.

Continuous monitoring of fine particulate matter in school classrooms and assessment of students' exposure level

YANG Wenjing, FAN Lin, YE Dan, WANG Jiao, ZHANG Yujing, YAN Xu, WANG Yu, BAO Mingjia, WANG Lin, WANG Xianliang

2021, 42(9): 1306-1310. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.008

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Objective To explore the status of PM_2.5 pollution in school classrooms and the student exposure level, and to provide basic data to safeguard the health of students. Methods This study continuously monitored the PM_2.5 levels of 16 naturally ventilated classrooms in eight primary and secondary schools in Jiamusi for one academic year using an online environmental monitoring instrument. At the same time, outdoor PM_2.5 data was captured for comparative research, and student exposure to PM_2.5 during school hours was evaluated. Results The average concentration of PM_2.5 in the classroom in the spring and autumn semesters was (26.93±24.7) and (31.85±30.37)μg/m³, respectively, and the indoor/outdoor ratio (I/O) was 0.92 and 0.95, respectively, which indicated a strong correlation between them. The daily average concentration of all classrooms during both semesters was (28.93±26.85)μg/m³, which was slightly higher than the average concentration of (27.53±26.53)μg/m³ during the daytime when students were in school. In addition, the concentration on workdays was higher than that observed on weekends, and this was termed the "weekend effect". The indoor PM_2.5 concentration was lower on higher floors. The comprehensive exposure concentration of students during school was 28.48 μg/m³ in spring semester and 31.87 μg/m³ in autumn semester. Conclusion PM_2.5 levels in the classrooms varied according to time, the horizontal space, and the vertical space, and the level of indoor PM_2.5 pollution largely depended on outdoor pollution sources. Differences in PM_2.5 exposure were observed between.

Meta analysis of the effect of physical activity intervention on physical fitness in Chinese children aged 3-6 years

GAO Weizhen, WANG Huan

2021, 42(9): 1311-1317,1322. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.009

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Objective To systematically review the efficacy of organized physical activity intervention from 1992 to 2020 on physical fitness of young children aged 3-6 in China. Methods Studies were searched in databases of CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, EBSCO Sports and Web of Science. The randomized controlled trials of physical fitness of young children aged 3-6 in China were selected by using Chinese and English keywords: (preschool OR kindergarten OR young children OR nursery) AND (physical fitness) AND (randomized controlled trial) AND (Chinese OR China). Results Twenty-three studies were included, involving 2 386 young children. Meta-analysis showed that physical activity had a moderate-to-high effect on young children's standing long jump (SMD=0.61, 95%CI=0.46-0.76), sit and reach (SMD=0.53, 95%CI=0.36-0.70), 10-meter shuttle run (SMD=-0.84, 95%CI=-1.08- -0.61), continuous jumping on two feet (SMD=-0.74, 95%CI=-0.90- -0.58), and walking the balance beam (SMD=-0.54, 95%CI= -0.70- -0.39). On the other hand, physical activity had a small effect on young children's throwing ball (SMD=0.39, 95%CI=0.26-0.51). Conclusion Physical activity intervention shows significant effects on physical fitness of young children in China. Effecs on physical fitness indicated by different types of indicators depends on physical activity content, duration, frequency, child age and other factors.

Dietary intake and nutritional status of children with autism spectrum disorders in Tianjin

SHI Rui, HAN Yu, GAO Lei, WANG Gengfu, ZHANG Xin

2021, 42(9): 1318-1322. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.010

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Objective To investigate the dietary nutrient intake and nutritional status of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD), and provide evidence for developing scientific and effective nutrition intervention measures for children with ASD. Methods Nutrient intake of 90 children with ASD were investigated by using 3-day 24-hour dietary survey, and the anthropological indexes were measured. Results Among the 90 ASD children aged 3-9, 31 of them were overweight and obese, accounting for 34.4%, three children were underweight, accounting for 3.3%, and one child was stunted, accounting for 1.1%. Dietary intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin D, vitamin B₆, folic acid, calcium and iodine in all age groups of ASD children were insufficient, but the dietary intakes of copper, phosphorus and zinc exceeded the recommended intake level. More than 10% of the ASD children consume copper and magnesium more than the tolerable upper intake level. There were significant differences in the dietary intake of energy, fat and vitamin A among normal, overweight, obese and thin ASD children(χ²=9.24, 10.03, P<0.05). Conclusion Overweight and obesity, as well as the combination of insufficient and excessive nutrition in children with ASD is common. Personalized dietary nutrition intervention towards ASD children should be developed and implemented.

Effects of traditional Wuqinxi on physical fitness and mental health of female college students

JIAO Xiaoxia, JI Hong, CHEN Jing

2021, 42(9): 1323-1327. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.011

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Objective In order to promote health management of female college students, and to provide effective fitness training program for female college students to promote physical and mental health. Methods A total of 80 female college students from Bengbu College in 2018 were selected and were randomly divided into an experimental group and control group, with 40 students each. The experimental group received a 16-week traditional Wuqinxi intervention, and the control group maintained original sports exercises practice. Results The weight of the experimental group significantly decreased from (52.45±7.35)kg to (50.05±6.89)kg (P < 0.01); body mass index, waist circumference and other indicators also improved significantly. Step test scores of the experimental group significantly increased from (45.28±4.27) to (50.38±4.26) (P < 0.01); Vital capacity/body mass index, grip strength/body mass index, and sit-up/body mass index were also significantly improved (P < 0.01). In the experimental group. Balance scores assessed through standing in one foot with eyes closed significantly increased from (28.84±9.42)s to (30.61±10.26)s (P < 0.01); Standing long jump test (P < 0.01) and 800 meter running test (P < 0.05) also showed significant improvement. Mental health problems of the experimental group showed a decreasing trend, six dimensional scores including interpersonal sensitivity and depression all showed significant decreases compared with before the experiment (P < 0.01). In the control group, except for 800 meter running test, there was no significant differences in all the indicators before and after the intervention (P>0.05). Conclusion The traditional Wuqinxi shows a positive effect on physical fitness and mental health among female college students, and it is indeed a practical and effective training program for fitness improvement.

Knowledge, attitude and behavior among parents of school-aged children towards snack in Shenzhen

XIE Fengzhu, XIONG Jingfan, LIU Xin

2021, 42(9): 1328-1331. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.012

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Objective To investigate knowledge, attitude and purchase behavior for snack nutrition among parents of school-aged children in Shenzhen, so as to provide support and scientific basis for developing targeted intervention program for child healthy dietary behavior. Methods Through cluster random sampling method, a total of 4 517 parents of students graded in 2 from 116 primary schools in Shenzhen were invited to participate into a self-administered questionnaire survey. Results Parental cognition towards snack nutrition varied substantially. The majority of parents were worried about the health and safety issues of snack and were aware of the risk of eating disorder of consistent snakc consumption in children. Only 21.18% of parents reported frequent snack-purchasing behaviors. Children's snacks, mainly included milk, dairy products, vegetable, fruit, bread and cake, are mostly purchased by parents, and the snack choices were related to nutrition, hygiene and taste. In addition, most parents paid attention to the production date whereas less than one-third of them read the nutrition facts labels. Parents with different knowledge level towards snack nutrition differed in eating attitude and behavior. Conclusion Parents should be further educated about nutrition and food safety knowledge to improve nutritional literacy, as well as attitude towards healthy diet and snack-purchasing ehavior to better guide their children to develop good eating habits.

Effect of 12-week aerobic exercise on microcirculation function of sedentary college students

ZHOU Shufeng, XIAO Zhe, ZHU Huan, ZHOU Huimin, YANG Mei, PENG Yong, LIU Xiaoli, HU Qinghua.

2021, 42(9): 1332-1335,1339. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.013

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Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of aerobic exercise on the microvascular function of habitually sedentary college students. Methods A total of 69 students from Hubei Minzu University were recruited and divided into sports group A, sports group B and control group, with 23 students in each group (12 boys and 11 girls). The exercise group received 12 weeks of aerobic exercise intervention, in which group A exercised 1-2 times a week, group B exercised≥3 times a week, and the control group did not carry out any systematic sports. Microvascular response, Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen(TcpO₂), Nitric oxide, Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and En-dothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured before and after the test. Results After the test, the microvascular reactivity showed group and time interaction(P<0.01), in which exercise group B was greater than that of control group and exercise group A (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between exercise group A and control group (P>0.05), but the percutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (P=0.53) had no time interaction with other groups; NO(F=6.32) and NOS(F=7.91) had group and time interaction, in which exercise group B was greater than control group and exercise group A (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between exercise group A and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion There is a "dose-effect" relationship between aerobic exercise and microcirculatory blood perfusion and endogenous NO. Continuous aerobic exercise ≥3 times a week for 12 weeks improved microcirculatory blood perfusion and promoted endogenous NO production in sedentary college students, but doing aerobic exercise for 1-2 times a week had no significant effect on microcirculatory blood perfusion and endogenous NO.

Compliance and associated factors of smartphone application usage in child dietary and exercise intervention

LI Wenhao, FENG Xiangxian, LIN Yi, GAO Aiyu, ZHANG Fang, ZHOU Shuang, XU Liqun, WU Na, LIU Zheng, WANG Haijun

2021, 42(9): 1336-1339. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.014

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Objective To study the compliance and associated factors of smartphone application (APP) usage in childhood dietary and exercise intervention. Methods Based on one childhood intervention of diet and exercise in Beijing, Changzhi of Shanxi Province and Urumqi of Xinjiang Province, 694 children (and their primary caregivers) in the intervention group were investigated regarding usage of APP during the intervention. Compliance of APP usage was evaluated by the click times of APP, and Logistic regression models were used to analyze influencing factors of the compliance. Results The median (inter-quartile range) click times of APP in the four modules (information dissemination, behavior monitoring, homework uploading and feedback) were 10 (5, 21), 20 (14, 26), 7(4, 10), 26 (15, 53), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that compliance of APP usage was higher among subjects in Changzhi region (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.12-2.48), whose primary caregiver was mother (OR=1.55, 95%CI=1.09-2.22), or whose mother did not work (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.31-0.74). Conclusion Compliance of APP usage was generally high in the childhood intervention of diet and exercise. Some factors are associated with compliance of APP usage. Findings of the study provide a scientific basis for better implementation of APP-based childhood interventions of diet and exercise in the future.

Relationship between aggressive behavior and emotion management of middle school students in Bengbu

JIN Qiu, HAN Hui, CHENG Yaohui

2021, 42(9): 1340-1343. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.015

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Objective To explore the relationship between aggressive behavior and emotional management of middle school students. Methods A total of 1 046 middle and high school students in Bengbu were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Information was collected through the Children's Emotion Management Scales and Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Results The scores of emotional management of male students (11.74±2.25, 9.29±1.98) were higher than that of female students(11.19±2.11, 8.76±1.95)(t=4.06, 4.29, P < 0.01), and the scores of anger management of grade 8 students (8.55±2.13) were lower than that of grade 9, grade 10 and grade 11 students(9.21±2.06, 9.14±1.73, 9.16±1.85)(F=3.53, P < 0.01). The score on anger (18.42±5.71) was high among male students (16.32±5.06) (t=6.27, P < 0.01) and the total score (78.48±16.39) was high among female students(75.78±17.79)(t=-2.55, P < 0.01). The aggression level in grade 8 students (82.09±19.21) was significantly higher than grade 9, grade 10 and grade 11 students(76.57±16.83, 75.05±15.34, 74.42±13.09)(H=25.16, P < 0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that sadness management was negatively correlated with physical aggression, angry behavior, hostility and aggressive behavior(r=-0.10, -0.18, -0.08, -0.12, P < 0.01), anger management was negatively correlated with physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior(r=-0.25, -0.09, -0.36, -0.15, -0.29, P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed, anger management was negatively associated with aggressive behaviors in both boys(B=-2.48, 95%CI=-3.17-1.79) and girls(B=-2.93, 95%CI=-3.67-2.20), sadness management was negatively associated with girl's hostility(B=-0.26, 95%CI=-0.54-0.01)(P < 0.01). Conclusion Higher level of emotional management, less aggressive behavior. Emotional management improvement among middle school students can effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of aggressive behavior.

Association between sleep disorders and behavioral problems in preschool children

HE Haiyan, NING Man, WANG Rui, WANG Shougui, YU Min, ZHU Min

2021, 42(9): 1344-1347. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.016

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Objective To investigate the association between sleep with emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children in Wuhu City. Methods A cluster sampling survey was conducted among senior class of 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, a total of 1 158 preschool children were investigated. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general situation and sleep characteristics. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Sleeping Quality Questionnaire for Children Aged 2-5 years were used to investigate their emotional behavior and sleep disorders. Results About 44.21% of respondents had emotional and behavioral problems, among which peer interaction was the most prominent. There were gender differences in sleeping alone and the need of comforters for sleep. 41.97% of preschool children detected at least one type of sleep disorder, and the detection rate of disturbed sleep was 33.83% in girls, which was higher than that of boys(25.97%). Abnormal sleep and disturbed sleep increased the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool girls(OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.25-4.34; OR=4.92, 95%CI=1.28-19.00), adequate sleep reduced the risk(OR=0.46, 95%CI=0.27-0.77). Abnormal sleep increased the risk of boys' emotional and behavioral abnormalities(OR=1.86, 95%CI=1.08-3.19), while sleeping alone reduced the risk(OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.37-0.95). Conclusion Sleep behaviors are associated with the occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children in a sex-specific manner.

A longitudinal study on the influence of students' relationships with teachers, peers students and school attitude on externalizing behaviors among migrant children

XIE Qili, ZHANG Hongyi

2021, 42(9): 1348-1350, 1355. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.017

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Objective To explore the impact of teacher-student relationship and peer relationship on externalizing behaviors among migrant children, and to investigate the mediating role of school attitude. Methods A longitudinal follow-up study was designed among 378 migrant children from Hubei, Guizhou and Chongqing city with the teacher-student relationship, peer relationship questionnaire, school attitude and the externalizing behavior collected through questionnaire survey. Results After controlling covariates and baseline (T1) externalized problem behaviors, baseline (T1) teacher-student relationship and peer relationship negatively predicted externalizing behavior at T3 (β_{teacher-student}=-0.12, P=0.08; β_classmate=-0.20, P < 0.01), The mediating effect of school attitude at T2 on the association between externalizing behaviors with teacher-student relationship (-0.11) and peer relationship(-0.05). Conclusion Teacher-student relationship and peer relationship affect externalizing behaviors among migrant children through school attitude. High quality teacher-student relationship and peer relationship might help to reduce externalizing behaviors among migrant children.

Anxiety and associated factors among medical college students during COVID-19 epidemic

MA Shaoyong, CHEN Yan, WANG Fangfang, WANG Huihui, JIN Yuelong, YAO Yingshui

2021, 42(9): 1351-1355. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.018

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Objective To analyze anxiety and its influencing factors of medical college students during the epidemic of COVID-19, so as to provide theoretical basis for targeted mental health promotion. Methods Participants were selected through convenient sampling in 2 medical colleges, and general situation questionnaires, anxiety self-rating scale(SAS), were csuected through questionnaire stars among to 6 276 medical college students anonymously through online platforms such as WeChat and QQ during the COVID-19 epidemic. Results SAS scores of medical students was(38.52±7.76), anxiety detection rate was 8.9%. Anxiety detection rate varied significantly by gender, the frequency of protection alerting by the counselor, college level, residence, self-reported health status, confirmed cases in the community, personal attention, disinfection, perceived risk of infection, as well as panic in the outbreak of COVID-19 (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that undergraduate(OR=1.25), high perceived risk of infection(OR=1.71); extreme panic (OR=2.75) were associated with high detection rate of anxiety. Female students(OR=0.62), rural residents(OR=0.80), moderate health status(OR=0.06), in good health(OR=0.11), in excellent health(OR=0.30); know or don't know there were COVID-19 patients in their residential areas(OR=0.67), close attention to COVID-19 1-2 times/d(OR=0.47), or frequently(OR=0.38); moderate inevitable disinfection(OR=0.53), few inevitable disinfection (OR=0.32) were associated with low detection rate of anxiety. Conclusion During the epidemic of COVID-19, anxiety among the medical college students was high, which varies by gender and college level. Psychological adjustment, appropriate attention and positive attitude towards COVID-19 should be promoted among medical college students. School counsellors should pay more attention and care to students while providing COVID-19 information through various ways.

Dynamic developmental trajectory of problem eating behavior among students from one university of Jiangsu Province

ZHANG Jinjian, CHEN Hong

2021, 42(9): 1356-1358, 1363. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.019

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Objective To explore the dynamic developmental trajectory of problem eating behavior among college students, and to provide evidence for the early prevention and intervention of eating problems. Methods A cluster sample of 5 372 freshmen from a university in Jiangsu Province were included and followed up for 4 years by using the eating behavior problems scale. Results The problem eating behavior of college students in Jiangsu Province showed a decreasing after increasing trend(5.17±1.36, 5.39±1.53, 5.14±1.42, 4.96±1.37)(F=112.12, P < 0.01), and prevalence of problem eating behavior was highest among sophomores. The developmental trajectory of eating behavior problems in college students could be divided into slow decreasing (86.7%) and slow increasing (13.3%) groups. In addition, sex-specific developmental trajectory of problem eating behavior was observed, with initial mean level and change speed of female students were signicantly higher than that of male students. Conclusion There are group heterogeneity and sex-specific effect in problem eating behavior of college students, which needs specific intervention strategies provided from colleges.

Effect of pregnancy-related anxiety on executive function of preschool children and gender difference

XIE Jingjing, WANG Xiaoxu, YAN Shuangqin, XU Yeqing, ZHU Peng, HAO Jiahu, TAO Fangbiao, HUANG Kun

2021, 42(9): 1359-1363. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.020

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Objective To understand the effect of pregnancy-related anxiety on preschool children's executive functions(EFs) and gender difference in order to optimize the early development environment of offspring life. Methods This study was based on the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study. Pregnant women from Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Ma'anshan, Anhui province between October 2008 and October 2010 were recruited. The general information of pregnant women and the pregnancy-related anxiety were collected prospectively in the first trimester of pregnancy. A cohort of 3 556 children aged 3-5 were followed up and their basic characteristics were collected. Executive function of preschool children was assessed by Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version(BRIEF) (parent version). Results In boys compared with the control group pregnancy￣related anxiety in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with the risk of abnormality in working memory planning/organization and GEC[OR(95%CI) = 1.40(1.06-1.85), 1.64(1.06-2.54), 1.89(1.27-2.82)]. Anxiety in the both trimesters of pregnancy was as-sociated with the risk of abnormality in inhibition working memory planning/organization and GEC[OR(95%CI) = 2.60(1.45-4.67), 2.45(1.69-3.57), 2.23(1.28-3.88), 3.27(2.03-5.28)] . In girls pregnancy-related anxiety in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with the risk of abnormality in inhibition and working memory [OR(95%CI) = 1.79(1.13-2.83), 1.45(1.07-1.98)] . Anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with the risk of abnormality in inhibition [OR(95%CI) = 2.26(1.17-4.38)] . Anxiety in both trimesters of pregnancy was associated with the risk of abnormality in inhibition and working memory [OR(95%CI) = 2.45(1.40-4.28), 2.02(1.35-3.01)] . Conclusion Pregnancy-related anxiety significantly affected the executive function of preschool children, and there was a significant dose-response relationship. Pregnancy-related anxiety primarily affects working memory, planning/organization and GEC function in boys, and the working memory, inhibition function in girls.

Effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy for adolescents with family post-traumatic stress disorder

ZHI Licong, ZHANG Han

2021, 42(9): 1364-1368. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.021

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Objective To investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy(SFBT) for adolescents with family post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), and to provide a reference for the mental intervention for adolescents of PSTD. Methods From January 2017 to June 2018, 42 cases of PTSD adolescents with family trauma were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 21 cases in each group; 21 healthy adolescents were enrolled as healthy group. The scores of Essen Trauma Inventor for children and adolescents(ETI-CA), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES), Self-Consistency and Congruence Scale(SCCS) and Mental Health Test(MHT) were evaluated. The observation group received SFBT intervention 6 times, the control group received no special intervention. The scores of the three groups were compared. Results Before the intervention, the RSES scores of the observation group and the control group were(26.68±3.12) and(27.58±3.72), significantly lower than(31.25±6.73) of the healthy group(F=13.63, P < 0.05); the SCCS score was(109.89±21.85) and(108.60±20.46), significantly higher than(78.21±15.71) of the healthy group(F=12.69, P < 0.05); The ETI-CA scores was(28.10±8.12) and(27.98±7.89), significantly higher than(12.02±2.13) of the healthy group(F=13.62, P < 0.05); The MHT scores was(25.20±6.81) and(25.03±6.64), significantly higher than(17.55±4.69) of the healthy group(F=11.90, P < 0.05). After intervention, the RSES score of the observation group was(31.31±4.65), significantly higher than(28.04±4.11) of the control group(P < 0.05); The ETI-CA, SCCS and MHT scores of the observation group were respectively(14.95±2.03)(96.66±17.02) and(18.55±5.17), significantly lower than(26.57±7.34)(111.29±21.71) and(25.81±7.12) of the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion SFBT intervention can reduce PTSD level in adolescents with family PTSD, improve self-esteem, self-harmony and mental health.

Evaluation of fear in college student with social anxiety

ZHONG Youjie, LIN Shujuan, LI Yanhua, WU Meixia

2021, 42(9): 1369-1372. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.022

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Objective To explore the fear of evaluation in college student with social anxiety, in order to reveal the existence of implicit fear of evaluation and its relationships with explicit fear of evaluation. Methods A total of 490 college students, selected from Fuzhou University by using convenience cluster sampling method, were surveyed with Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS). Finally, 65 valid subjects have completed the Implicit Association Test. Results Social anxiety students' explicit fear of evaluation was significantly higher than those of non-social anxiety college students, including positive and negative (t=7.03, 5.66, P < 0.01). There were significant differences between self-positive evaluation of college students' social anxiety (1 019.26±124.44 ms) and self-neutral evaluation (909.78±175.20 ms)(t=5.67, P < 0.05). In two groups of college students, there were significant differences between self-negative evaluation and self-neutral evaluation (t=9.17, 12.33, P < 0.01). Implicit fear of evaluation were found to exist among students with social anxiety and without social anxiety. There was a low correlation between explicit and implicit fear of evaluation between social anxiety students and non-social anxiety students(P > 0.05); There was no significant gender difference between implicit and explicit fear of evaluation(P > 0.05). Conclusion Social anxiety college students have explicit and implicit fear of evaluation, with separate and independent effects.

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2019

SHANG Yue, Akida, ZHANG Tiantian, WANG Zhaofen, LI Bin, MA Binzhong, WANG Weijun, MA Yongcheng, HUANG Qiuli, LIU Kuangyi, LIANG Da

2021, 42(9): 1373-1375, 1379. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.023

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Objective The study aims to explore the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among students in Qinghai Province, to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of students' tuberculosis. Methods Data on tuberculosis among students from 2016 to 2019 in Qinghai province were collected and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed, the spatial distribution map were drawn by using ArcMap 10.8. Results During 2016-2019, there were 2 691 reported cases of tuberculosis among students in Qinghai Province the reporting rate were 46.10/10⁵, 68.50/10⁵, 73.49/10⁵, 85.96/10⁵, increased year by year(χ²=116.45, P < 0.01). With a high incidence from March to September each year. The tuberculosis patients were mainly aged 18 years and above, with more reported female cases than male cases and more Tibetan cases. Most of students' tuberculosis cases were reported in southern Qinghai, especially in Yushu and Guoluo areas, and sharp increase was observed in Xining during 2018 to 2019. Conclusion Students' tuberculosis in Qinghai is still serious. Schools should strengthen education on tuberculosis prevention, especially those in southern Qinghai and Xining.

Suicidal ideation of freshmen in one university of Tianjin from 2013 to 2020

ZHAN Qisheng, WANG Qin, LI Chengze, LIU Xinying

2021, 42(9): 1376-1379. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.024

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Objective To understand the current situation of suicidal ideation in college students of Tianjin, and to provide reference for suicide prevention, early warning and emergency intervention. Methods A total of 31 596 freshmen from one university in Tianjin were selected to participate in the mental health survey during 2013 to 2020. Results A total of 1 349 freshmen reported suicidal ideation. The incidence of suicidal ideation varied from 2.60% to 6.18% across the years (the overall average annual incidence of suicidal ideation was 4.27%). Significant differences were observed in the incidence of suicidal ideation among freshmen of different origin (4.11% in urban areas, 4.74% in rural areas; χ²=6.01, P < 0.01), whether the only children in the family (4.10% in only children, 4.60% in non-only children; χ²=4.38, P < 0.01). During the past five years, the in-depth interview showed that the proportion of those with suicidal attempt ranged from 17.09%-33.73% (the total annual average proportion of those with suicidal attempt was 24.84%). Results from electroencephalonquadrantography varied significantly between college students with and without suicidal ideation and those with and without suicidal attempt. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the screening of college students for suicidal ideation and to identify the risk of students with suicide attempt, so as to provide a better reference for the prevention and intervention of psychological crisis.

Comparison of mental health status between freshmen with and without disabilities

YAN Ru, GU Xueying

2021, 42(9): 1380-1383, 1387. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.025

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Objective To explore the differences in mental health between freshmen with and without disabilities. Methods A comparative analysis of 6 114 freshmen with and without disabilities from an undergraduate college in Nanjing from 2018 to 2020 was measured by the SCL-90 Mental Health Symptom Self-Rating Scale. Results The positive detection rate of SCL-90 was 23.29%, and the positive rate of disabled students was significantly higher than healthy students(χ²=28.35, P < 0.01); Disabled freshmen were significantly higher than healthy freshmen in the levels of all factors(P < 0.05); A longitudinal comparison of the positive detection rate of SCL-90 between the two groups of freshmen in three years, there was no statistical difference between the disabled freshmen(χ²=5.82, P=0.06), there was a statistical difference in healthy freshmen(χ²=29.43, P < 0.01); After interview with positive factor students, the composition ratio of freshmen with disabled of A and B was higher than that of healthy freshmen(χ²=7.09, P < 0.05). Conclusion Mental health level of freshmen with disabled is lower than that of healthy freshmen. Mental health among freshmen without disabilities is worsening. The mental health of disabled freshmen is relatively stable, however, the proportion of students with psychological problems is relatively high, which requires attention.

Abnormal spinal curvature in primary and secondary school students in Tibet

LI Shangle, ZHANG Qiang, RONG Xia

2021, 42(9): 1384-1387. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.026

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Objective To monitor the incidence of spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in Tibet, and to analyze the factors influencing spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in Tibet. Methods This study was based on the surveillance and intervention of common diseases among students in Tibet in 2019, involving Lhasa, Shigatse, Nagqu, Chamdo, Shannan and Ali regions, using stratified random sampling, with one urban area and one county selected in each prefecture-level city, and a total of 19 023 primary and secondary school students were monitored. The spinal curvature of primary and secondary school students was statistically analyzed, and the influencing factors were analyzed by dichotomous Logistic regression. Results The number of detected spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and secondary school students was 223, with a detection rate of 1.17%. From the results of the χ² test, the differences in detection rates among students of different districts and gender varied significant (χ²=18.01, 8.07, both P < 0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that monitoring site, school section, gender, height, desk and chair allocation compliance rate, and average illumination of blackboard surface were associated with spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and secondary school students (OR=5.44, 2.17, 2.46, 1.62, 1.02, 0.11, 1.00, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Multiple measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and secondary school students, starting from the influencing factors.

Association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms of UGT1A1 with NAFLD and serum lipids in children

ZHANG Pingping, SONG Jieyun, WANG Hui, WANG Haijun

2021, 42(9): 1388-1391, 1395. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.027

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Objective To investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms of UDP glucuronosyltransferase Family 1 Member A1 (UGT1A1) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and levels of serum lipids in Beijing children, and to provide scientific evidence for the study of genetic mechanism. Methods In total, 1 027 children aged 7-18 years were recruited from two primary schools and three middle schools from Haidian district of Beijing, who were randomly assigned to case group (n=162) and control group (n=865). General condition and medical history were collected by trained field health workers. Height, weight and liver ultrasound were examined. Additionally, fasting venous blood were collected to detect serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UGT1A1 were genotyped. Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression were applied to analyze the associations between three SNPs of UGT1A1 and NAFLD, ALT and levels of serum lipids. Results The SNP rs10929303 (C > T) of UGT1A1 was negatively associated with NAFLD(OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.32-0.83, P=0.01), while the SNP rs4148323 (G > A) was negatively associated with the serum level of TC (B=-0.10, 95%CI=-0.19--0.02, P=0.02); in addition, results were consistent regardless of whether the TC level was measured using a categorical variable or continuous variable. Conclusion The SNP rs10929303 of UGT1A1 is associated with NAFLD, and the SNP rs4148323 of UGT1A1 is associated with TC levels in Beijing children.

School environment and campus bullying behavior of hunior high school students

LI Xiaoxiao, ZHOU Dongyang, XU Shuijing, LIU Luchan.

2021, 42(9): 1392-1395. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.028

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Objective To understand the relationship between school environment and campus bullying behavior of junior high school students, and to provide scientific basis for the intervention of campus bullying behavior. Methods Based on the data of "China Education Panel Survey" from 2014 to 2015, the school environment and self-reported campus bullying behaviors of 9 300 junior high school students were analyzed. Results The two-level mixed effect linear regression model showed that the frequency of boys' campus bullying behavior was higher than girls(B=0.356, P < 0.01). Junior high school students in the school with higher student teacher ratio and school average class status had higher frequency of campus bullying behavior(B=-0.007, -0.004, P < 0.05). The negative correlation between school average class status and the frequency of bullying behavior of boys was greater than girls(B=-0.006, P < 0.01). Conclusion Prevention and treatment of junior high school students' campus bullying not only needs to start from the individual students, families and peer groups, but also needs to pay attention to the school environment, reduce the school socioeconomic segregation, and pay more attention to boys' campus bullying behavior.

Current status and parental awareness regarding children's first permanent molar in Harbin

ZHAO Yu, WANG Haiyue, HAO Chunxiu, ZHANG Xiaodan, YUAN Jie

2021, 42(9): 1396-1399. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.029

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Objective To understand current status of children's first permanent molar in Harbin, to investigate parental awareness regarding children's first permanent molar as well as Pit-and-Fissure sealant, and to provide new ideas for caries prevention in the first permanent molar and Pit-and-Fissure sealant. Methods In October 2019, 11 540 children in the region were examined and their parents were given questionnaires. Results The prevalence of dental caries was 37.72%. The DMFT was 1.11, the germination rate was 86.98%, and Pit-and-Fissure sealants rate was 36.93%. About 16.8% of the parents were aware of the eruption time of first permanent molar, and 35.33% didn't know first permanent molar, 19.39% of the parents had a clear understanding of Pit-and-Fissure sealants time and 32.77% of the parents were not aware of Pit-and-Fissure sealants. The prevalence of caries was higher in children (35.55%, 32.77%) whose parents did not know the first permanent molar and the pit and fissure sealants.High income level, high education level and urban parents had a higher degree of knowledge about fossa closure(χ²=98.35, 192.16, 172.31, P < 0.05). Conclusion Prevalence of dental caries is higher in children in Harbin, and the awareness of Pit-and-Fissure sealants is lower in parents. Relevant organizations should strengthen the publicity and education of oral health knowledge for parents.

Epidemiology of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection among youth aged 15-24 years in Beijing during 2010-2019

XU Min, LU Hongyan, LI Xiyao, CHEN Qiang

2021, 42(9): 1400-1402, 1406. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.030

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Objective To investigate epidemiological features of genital Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infection among youth aged 15-24 years in Beijing, so as to provide scientific basis for developing control strategies. Methods Data regarding genital Ct infection among youth aged 15-24 years were collected from the disease surveillance information reporting system in Beijing between 2010 and 2019 and were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method. Results During 2010-2019, a total of 1 871 cases of Ct infection was reported, 1 287(68.79%) of the cases were female. The reported incidence rate of genital Ct infection increased from 3.16 per 100 000 in 2010 to 25.15 per 100 000 in 2019, with an average annual increasing rate of 25.92%(χ²=836.86, P < 0.01). Increasing trends in the reported incidence were observed among males and females, females being higher than males in the year 2010 and 2012. The reported incidence rates increased annually in all age groups between 2010 and 2019, and the average annual rate of increase was highest in the group aged 15-19 years. Conclusion The reported rate of genital Ct infection showed an increasing trend among youth aged 15-24 years in Beijing, and increased rapidly among youth aged 15-24 years. More attention should be paid on sexual and reproductive health education among adolescents. Epidemic of genital Ct infection should be concerned, and its surveillance need to be improved.

Association of early-life factors with the incidence of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Guangzhou

ZHANG Jingshu, GUI Zhaohuan, TAN Kaiyun, CHEN Yajun

2021, 42(9): 1403-1406. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.031

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Objective To investigate the associations between early-life factors and the incidence of overweight and obesity and to provide a reference for childhood overweight and obesity prevention. Methods A total of 5 172 children aged 6-11 years from 5 primary schools in Guangzhou were enrolled using stratified random cluster sampling method. After two-years follow up, 3 315 children were included in the final analysis. Questionnaire was used to collect children's early-life factors. Height and weight were measured objectively at baseline and follow-up. Results The incidence of overweight and obesity was 8.7% in children. After adjustment for confounders, Results from the Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal pre-pregnancy underweight was negatively associated with the incidence of childhood overweight and obesity(OR=0.54, 95%CI=0.38-0.76)(P < 0.05). While excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy(OR=1.55, 95%CI=1.14-2.10) and caesarean section (OR=1.30, 95%CI=1.00-1.68) were positively associated with the incidence of childhood overweight and obesity(P < 0.05). Conclusion Both excess gestational weight gain and caesarean section would increase the risk of the overweight and obesity of their offspring, while maternal pre-pregnancy underweight would reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity.

Maximum fat oxidation intensity of obese female college students

LI Yingying, HUANG Li, PENG Li

2021, 42(9): 1407-1410, 1414. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.032

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Objective To explore the relationship between the adiposity index and the maximum fat oxidation intensity (Fat_max) of obese female college students, and to provide a composite indicas for formulating exercise prescriptions. Methods Fifty-four obese female college students without sports background in Chongqing from June 2017 to March 2018 were selected as subjects. Fat_max was measured through an incremental load exercise test on a sports treadmill in all participants. Differences of fat_max among pariticipants with different body fat percentage(BFP), waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), and skinfold thickness of different parts (abdomen, lower scapula, upper arm and humerus) were compared. Associations between different body fat percentage(BFP), waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), skinfold thickness of different parts (abdomen, lower scapula, upper arm triceps) and Fat_max were analyzed. Results Fat_max (MET, %VO_2max) of female college students classified as obese by BFP, WHR, abdominal, upper arm triceps, and lower scapula indicators were lower than the control group. Fat_max of female college students with abdominal obesity was significantly lower than that of the control group, all the differences were statistically significant (t=2.48, 2.61, P < 0.05). Fat_max of female college students with obesity under the scapula was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=2.50, P < 0.05), and negative correlation was found(r=-0.27, P < 0.01). Conclusion The obesity indicas are closely related to Fat_max among obese female college students, and the skinfold thickness of the abdominal and back show prominent impact on the Fat_max of obese female college students.

Pneumonia mortality in children aged 0-14 years in China during 2005 to 2019

DAI Mengna, XI Yan, YIN Wenqiang, CHEN Zhongming, HU Jinwei, FENG Zhiqiang, TANG Changhai.

2021, 42(9): 1411-1414. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.033

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Objective To understand pneumonia mortality in children aged 0-14 years in China in recent 15 years, and to provide reference for child pneumonia prevention and treatment. Methods Based on the death data from China Statistical Yearbook 2005-2019, pneumonia mortality in urban and rural children aged 0-14 was extracted and the standardized mortality was calculated, and the trend of mortality was fitted by Joinpoint regression model. Results The crude mortality rate of child pneumonia in urban and rural areas showed an increasing trend, while the standardized mortality rate showed a fluctuating downward trend. Joinpoint regression showed that the mortality rate of pneumonia in urban and rural children showed a monotonous downward trend, and there was no turning point. The overall APC of pneumonia mortality of urban children was -3.4, that of boys and girls were both -3.5. Trend for annual changes in urban areas were found significant among total sample and boys (both P < 0.05). The overall APC of pneumonia mortality in rural children was -7.8, that of boys and girls were -7.1 and -7.8, respectively. Trend for annual changes in rural areas were found significant among total sample and boys(both P < 0.05). There was no significant differences in the trend of mortality between urban and rural groups. Conclusion During 2005 to 2019, child pneumonia mortality in urban and rural areas in China shows a downward trend, which is relatively balanced in urban and rural areas. Further strengthened pediatric pneumonia treatment and management are expected to reduce the pneumonia mortality.

School physician in primary and secondary schools in Yichang of Hubei Province during 2019-2020

WANG Wenjing, LIU Jiheng, YU Hang, SUN Chao, DU Xiaoan, FU Binbin, FANG Min, ZHAO Lu, TAN Xiaodong, LIU Xiaojun.

2021, 42(9): 1415-1417, 1422. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.034

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Objective To understand school physician in primary and secondary schools in Yichang City, Hubei Province from 2019 to 2020, and to provide a reference for strengthening the school physician team in primary and secondary schools. Methods 149 and 102 primary and secondary schools from 6 municipal districts in Yichang City, Hubei Province, were randomly selected in November 2019 and November 2020, respectively, and were administered by questionnaire survey. Results The proportion of school physicians increased from 39.6% in 2019 to 65.7% in 2020. In the past two years, the equipment rate of school physician in both central and fringe urban areas increased, especially the fringe urban areas, number of school physician increased from 38 to 96. A total of 93 and 141 school physicians were selected to pariticipate in questionaire survey in 2019 and 2020 respectively. The survey showed that more than 90% of school physicians in primary and secondary schools in Yichang received training, and 74.5% had college education level. However, most of them lack professional qualification and medical background. Conclusion School physician of primary and secondary of Yichang is well-development over the past two years, and the proportion substantially increased. However, there is still room for improvement in the quantity and quality of school physicians, and professional qualification needs to be improved. More attention should be paid to the marginal urban areas to achieve a balance between quantity and quality.

Epidemic characteristics and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis aggregation in school in Wuhan during 2017-2020

ZHANG Zhengbin, YU Aiping, LU Zhouqin, REN Xin, TIAN Dan, CHEN Cong, WANG Jianjie, LI Yuehua, WU Gang, DUAN Qionghong.

2021, 42(9): 1418-1422. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.035

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and assoicated factors of tuberculosis (TB) aggregation in schools in Wuhan from 2017 to 2020, and to provide scientific basis for school-based TB prevention and control strategies. Methods Questionnaire star was used to collect data on tuberculosis prevention and control in various schools in Wuhan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of tuberculosis aggregation in schools. Results A total of 37 outbreaks of tuberculosis aggregation in schools were reported in Wuhan from 2017 to 2020, which involved 28 different schools, including 24 colleges and universities and 4 senior high schools, 176 cases were reported, among which 39 were positive for pathogens and 17 cases of rifampicin resistant, and the median duration of single cluster epidemic was 48 (28, 368) days, universities were more prone to cluster outbreaks than middle schools (χ²=75.27, P < 0.01), the incidence in male was higher than that of in female in cluster outbreak (χ²=22.82, P=0.00). The Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that boarding school (OR=5.12), TB screening at school entry (OR=3.27), etiology tracking and registrationin school (OR=7.28), treatment and isolation of sick students on time (OR=9.12), whether the dormitories and classrooms were often ventilated (OR=4.97), and whether the management of school suspension and return was strictly implemented (OR=4.68) were associated with the occurrence of TB cluster outbreak(P < 0.05). Conclusion Schools should actively strive for policies and funding, strictly implement TB screening and physical examination for freshmen, as well as the management of contact tracing and registeration, targeted TB health education, guidance for teachers and students for cleaning, disinfection and hand hygiene, timely treatment and reporting of suspected symptoms, to prevent the occurrence of TB clustering outbreaks.

Health supervision of school-based myopia prevention and control

YU Ling, LIU Jindong, ZHANG Jing, PAN Dehong

2021, 42(9): 1423-1425. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.036

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Objective To explore the associated factors in the implementation of the "random" sampling inspection of the lighting institutions in kindergartens, out-of-school training institutions and primary and secondary schools in 2019 (Supervision Letter [2019] No. 314 of National Health Office) (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), and to provide reference for better implementation of the Plan. Methods A survey of school-based myopia prevention and control was conducted in 23 provincial, municipal and county-level health supervision institutions in China. The main contents of the survey focused on the introduction, implementation and implementation of the program. Results The implementation of the "plan" was significantly associated with the specific work organized and coordinated by the health administrative department, clear responsibility of various departments, and collaboration with educational institutions[OR(95%CI)=1.57(1.05-2.36), 0.05(0.03-0.10), 0.31(0.19-0.52), 0.03(0.01-0.09), 0.12(0.04-0.37), P < 0.05]. It was also associated with independent school health supervision department, one and two full-time school health supervision staff equipment, on-site quick inspection of health supervision institutions, school self-examination[OR=1.87(1.33-2.62), 0.62(0.40-0.97), 2.37(1.82-3.09), 1.62(1.09-2.40), P < 0.05]. Conclusion The program needs to be implemented through multiple departments and is associated with multiple factors. It is of great importance to strengthen multi-sector collaboration and clarify the responsibility of various departments for the health supervision of school-based myopia prevention and control.

Non-medication treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children

WANG Chen, LI Yaping

2021, 42(9): 1426-1430. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.037

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psycho-behavioral disorder, the exact cause of which is currently unclear. It is generally believed that its incidence is a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological factors. In China at present, the common intervention measures for this disorder are mainly drug treatments, and non-medication treatment including EEG Biofeedback environmental Modifications and Self-regulation, is relatively inadequate. Non-medication treatment is generally targeted at the social function defects associated with this disease; its efficacy is longer-lasting and it is safer. This article analyzes the principles, methods, efficacy, shortcomings, and prospects of the non-medication treatment of ADHD.

Research progress on the effect of low concentration atropine on the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents among children and adolescents

NIE Yingying, YANG Yanrong, WANG Yin, TANG Wen, DUAN Junguo

2021, 42(9): 1431-1435, 1440. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.038

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Myopia is a common refractive error in the process of development. With the high incidence and low age of myopia in children and adolescents, it has become a worldwide public health problem, seriously endangering physical and mental health. The prevention and control of myopia has a long way to go. Low concentration atropine, as an M-type choline receptor inhibitor, has been proved by medical research to effectively delay the progress of myopia. This paper reviews the relevant studies at home and abroad in recent years. The optimal concentration of low concentration atropine, the best clinical regimen and possible potential side effects were discussed. From the point of view of school public health, this paper discusses the significance of low concentration atropine for the prevention and control of myopia among school-age students, in order to provide a reliable basis and new ideas for the follow-up clinical application of atropine and myopia prevention and control strategies for school students.

Research progress on health-related behaviors of adolescents and low-level systemic inflammation

ZHAI Shuang, TAO Shuman, TAO Fangbiao.

2021, 42(9): 1436-1440. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.039

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Abstract:
The incidence of health-related behaviors in adolescents is on the rise, directly or potentially threatening the current and future health of adolescents. Adolescents' health-related behaviors are closely related to low-level systemic inflammation. Based on relevant previous literature, this paper briefly reveals the relationship between single form and clustering of health-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, substance use, and sleep) and low-level systemic inflammation. Moreover, the role of inflammation played in health-related behaviors and mental health in adolescents is clarified. This study provides a scientific evidence for promoting the physical and mental health of adolescents.

2021 Vol. 42, No. 9