2018 Vol. 39, No. 7

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2018, 39(7)
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To attach importance to the prevention and control of visual display terminal syndrome in children and adolescents
MA Le
2018, 39(7): 961-964. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.001
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With computer and smartphone use being an inevitable part of life, children and adolescents are becoming vulnerable to visual display terminal (VDT) syndrome, which associates with adverse physical health outcomes.It is of great significance to pay attention to VDT syndrome among children and adolescents in order to improve overall physical and mental health of the whole population.This editorial reviews the prevalence, severity and preventive measures of VDT syndrome among children and adolescents, and then puts forward intervention strategies in society-, school-, family-and individual-level.In this context, this editorial aims to provide the basis for the formulation of VDT syndrome prevention and control among children and adolescents.
Tuberculosis epidemic situation, and prevention and control strategies in schools
WANG Wenqin, LIANG Richeng, YU Xiaohua, LIANG Shaojuan
2018, 39(7): 965-966,971. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.002
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Analyzing the present epidemic status of tuberculosis epidemic in schools, and discussing the problems existed in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in schools, proposing the strategies for TB prevention and control: establish and improve the system for TB prevention and control in multi-sectoral participation, give full play to the importance of students volunteer organizations in the prevention and control of tuberculosis, strengthen the students' health education work against tuberculosis, improve the students' knowledge level for TB prevention and control, control the prevalence of disease and prevent the spread of disease on campus.
Analysis of the influencing factors of video display terminal syndrome among college students in Xi'an
FAN Mengnan, LIN Jing, QI Bingjie, FENG Junqiao, MA Le
2018, 39(7): 967-971. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.003
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Objective To investigate the related influencing factors of video display terminal (VDT) syndrome risk among college students in Xi'an, thereby providing theoretical evidence for its comprehensive prevention and treatment.Methods Totally1 491 subjects, randomly selected from Xi'an by multi-stage cluster sampling method, were surveyed in the questionnaire investigation consisting of lifestyle, dietary assessment and symptoms of VDT.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models was used to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and VDT symptom risk.Results Among college students, the overall prevalence of VDT syndrome was 73.6%.Eye symptoms such as dry eye, eye pain, eye swelling, and vision loss (69.4%, 62.6%, 62.4%, 59.0%, 56.1%) were the highest among self-reported health problems related to VDT operations.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal vision, bad eating habits, poor physical status, poor VDT operation habits were significantly associated with a higher risk of VDT syndrome, the OR values (95%CI) were as follows: 1.14 (1.01, 1.29), 1.15 (1.01, 1.30), 1.51 (1.33, 1.71) and 1.18 (1.04, 1.33).In addition, the results of multivariable analysis also supported a slightly protective effect of good sleep and mental state and suitable working conditions, with the corresponding OR values (95% CI) being 0.68 (0.60, 0.77) and 0.67 (0.59, 0.76).Conclusion The prevalence of VDT syndrome is fairly high among college students.Ocular factors, dietary habits, sleep and mental state, environmental conditions, physical fitness and habit of computer usage are all involved in the development of VDT syndrome.Relevant health education should be strengthened to effectively curb the occurrence of VDT syndrome.
Investigation of computer use among five universities in Xi'an
FAN Mengnan, GUO Fang, ZHANG Jian, HUANG Hongwei, LIN Jing, MA Le
2018, 39(7): 972-975. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.004
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Objective To investigate computer use among college students in Xi'an, and to explore differences in sex, grade and major.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted among 1 491 college students from 5 universities in Xi'an.Time spent in daily computer use, as well as content and purpose of computer use was collected.Results The average time spent in daily computer use time of students was (3.05±2.22) h, and average years spent in computer use ranged from 1 to15 years, with an average of (4.98±2.76) years; About 80.9% students reported watching movies or listening to music was the primary purpose of computer use, followed by for study (76.6%), for chatting (68.9%) and for games (57.7%).The differences between gender, grade and major were significant in time spent in daily computer use (P<0.05); and in ranking of computer use purposes.Conclusion Most of college students in Xi'an use computer for leisure and study.Considering too much time spent in computer use, it' s necessary to inform those students on health implications of rational computer use.
Dietary patterns and its relationship with video display terminal syndrome among undergraduate students in Xi'an
CAI Jiahui, FAN Mengnan, YANG Min, FENG Junqiao, LIN Jing, MA Le
2018, 39(7): 976-979. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.005
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Objective To investigate the relationship between different dietary patterns among undergraduate students in Xi'an and video display terminal (VDT) syndrome and to provide effective nutritional precaution and scientific guidelines.Methods Totally 1 469 subjects were surveyed in the questionnaire investigation consisting of lifestyle, dietary assessment and symptoms of VDT by multistage stratified cluster sampling.Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis based on validated food frequency questionnaires.We used multivariate unconditional Logistic regression models to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and VDT symptom risk using the lowest tertile of the dietary patterns scores as the reference category.Results Four major dietary patterns emerged from factor analysis, which were identified fast food pattern, meat pattern, plant pattern and balanced pattern, respectively.The accumulative contribution rate of the total factors accounts for 51.24%.In multivariable Logistic regression models with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, physical activity, hours of sleep and computer using, fast food pattern was found to be strong predictors of increasing the occurrence of VDT syndrome.The risk of VDT syndrome in the students at highest levels of factor score were 1.47 (95%CI = 1.08-1.99, P = 0.013) times than those whose factor score was in lowest tertile.However, the subjects who were closer to having balance dietary pattern, were under less risk of suffering from VDT syndrome.Compared to the lowest levels of factor score, the highest tertile had lower risk of VDT syndrome (OR = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.52-0.95) for the balanced pattern.Conclusion The intake of high-fat and high-sugar fast food is associated with an increased risk of VDT syndrome.In contrast, a nutritionally balanced diet can moderately reduce the risk of it.
Association between sleep duration and video display terminal vision syndrome
FAN Mengnan, CAI Jiahui, GUO Fang, JIANG Hong, LIU Yan, MA Le
2018, 39(7): 980-983. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.006
Abstract(417) PDF(8)
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Objective To examine the association between sleep duration with video display terminal (VDT) vision syndrome.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted among 1 477 college students from 5 universities in Xi'an.Data on daily sleep duration, VDT vision syndrome and related visual problems.Relation between sleep duration and incidence of VDT vision syndrome was explored by using factor analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results Daily sleep duration ranged from 4.0 to 13.0 hours, with an average of (7.53±1.02) hours.About 13.4% of all participants reported sleep duration less than 6 hours.Factor analysis showed that shorter sleep duration associated with higher symptoms except for ocular symptoms.The visual symptoms differed among participants with different sleep duration (χ2= 26.094, P<0.01).Compared with those whose sleep duration higher than 8 hours and those between 7 to 8 hours, more visual symptoms were reported among students with sleep duration less than 6 hours (Z =-2.814, -4.944, P<0.01).No significant differences were found in psychopathological symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms, ocular symptoms, gastrointestinal symptom and psychotic symptoms (P>0.05).Conclusion Shorter sleep duration is closely related with an elevated risk of adverse visual problems such as ghosting, blurred vision, and vision loss.Sufficient sleep might help reducing the risk for video display terminal vision syndrome.
Association between health literacy and unhealthy diet behaviors among junior high school students in three areas
WANG Yuqing, YU Xiaoming, HUANG Sizhe, GUO Shuaijun, WANG Lu
2018, 39(7): 984-986. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.007
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Objective To analyze the relationship between health literacy and unhealthy diet behaviors among junior high school students, and to provide scientific evidence for strategies development of adolescent healthy diet behaviors and physique.Methods A total of 2 565 students from 16 junior high schools selected from Beijing, Guangdong and Jilin Province by multi-stage cluster sampling method were investigated for their health literacy and diet behavior (choosy in food/dietary bias, eating westernstyle fast food).Results The average score of middle schools students' health literacy in Beijing, Guangdong, Jilin Province was (72.45±8.99), and the proportion of having basic health literacy among junior high students was 19.5%, 10.0%, 26.2% in Beijing, Guangdong, Jilin Province.Incidence of preference for food was 34.1%, eating western fast food was 42.9%.Binary Logistic analysis showed that lack of health literacy and inadequate health literacy would increase the risk of preference for food (OR = 2.022, 95%CI = 1.598-2.559; OR = 3.614, 95% CI = 2.472-5.080) and eating western fast food (OR = 1.494, 95% CI = 1.205-1.853; OR =3.614, 95%CI = 2.472-5.080).Conclusion The possess of health literacy may decrease the incidence of preference for food and eating western fast food, the improvement of health literacy should be emphasized in the design of adolescent diet behaviors improvement.
Effect of different health education approaches on dietary behavior among students in medical schools
QIAN Jiajia, LIU Chunfang, WANG Ying, ZOU Shaowei, XI Aodeng, QIAO Rui
2018, 39(7): 987-989. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.008
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Objective To evaluate the recent dietary behavior among medical school students after health education intervention.Methods Junior and senior nursing students of a medical school in Baotou were selected and randomly divided into different health education approach groups, including posters group, lecture group, We Chat group, Rain class group and control group.Dietary behaviors among students in different groups were evaluated before and 30 days after health education.Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate associated factors of dietary behavior.Results Before health education, no difference in dietary behaviors among students of different education groups, in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, knowledge chronic diseases, and dietary behaviors, which were comparable.After health education, the dietary knowledge scores were highest in poster group, followed by lecture, We Chat and rain classes and control group.Dietary behaviors of all health education groups increased.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, We Chat and rain classrooms health education and dietary knowledge associated with dietary behaviors, while family members suffering from chronic diseases, boarding school students, BMI, family residence, gender, ethnicity and chronic disease status were irrelevant with dietary behaviors.Conclusion Dietary health education of chronic disease prevention and control have positive effect on dietary behaviors among medical school students.Social media for health promotion including We Chat and rain classes are superior compared with traditional approaches including posters and lectures.Dietary behavior increases with age, acceptance of health education and improvement of dietary knowledge.
Application of Baidu map API for the study on obesogenic food environment among middle school students
YANG Shuyi, XIE Runsheng, DENG Yusheng, ZONG Yinan, LIU Li, GAO Yanhui, LIANG Jianping, YANG Jiewen, YANG Yi
2018, 39(7): 990-992. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.009
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Objective To explore the association between the food environment around school and the obesity rates among middle school students with Baidu map application program interface (API), and provide new ideas for the study on adolescent obesity.Methods Relying on Guangzhou Health Care Promotion Center for Primary and Middle Schools, 30 middle schools students' height and weight were measured.The number of fast food restaurants and convenience stores around the schools were searched by Baidu map API, to analyze their association with the rates of obesity among middle school students.Results Among the 15 231 students, the rate of obesity was 5.58%, 7.46% among boys and 3.70% among girls.The median numbers (IQR) of fast food restaurants within walking path distances of 1 000 m, 1 200 m and 1 500 m among 30 middle schools were 35.5 (20-78), 54.5 (28-105) and 92 (57-161), respectively; and 29 (14-48), 41 (23-63), 69.5 (42-94) for convenience stores.The rates of obesity among girls were positively correlated with the number of fast food restaurants and convenience stores around their schools (fast food restaurants: r = 0.372, 0.434, P<0.05; convenience stores: r = 0.369, 0.450, 0.415, P<0.05).There were no significant associations between the rates of obesity among boys and the number of fast food restaurants and convenience stores around their schools.Conclusions Obesity is associated with the number of fast food restaurants and convenience stores around school among female students in middle schools.Baidu map API can provide geographical information support for obesity research in middle school students.
Assessment of physical activity level and the influencing factors among middle school students in the main urban area of Beijing
LI Xin, LI Xiaotong, WANG Zhengzhen
2018, 39(7): 993-996,1000. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.010
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Objective To evaluate the physical activity (PA) level and the influencing factors of middle school students in main urban area of Beijing, and to provide the data support for physical health of middle school students.Methods A total of1 670 middle school students in 3 schools of Haidian and Dongcheng District in Beijing were selected by cluster sampling method, and PA was evaluated with Chinese Version of Adolescent Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A).Results The average PA score was 2.68±0.81 for all the students, and 2.95± 0.84 for boys, 2.44± 0.69 for girls.PA level of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (t = 6.41, P<0.01), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of boys was also higher than girls' (P<0.01).The average daily screen time was 100 minutes for boys and girls, and there was no significant difference.Total PA and MVPA were higher in junior school students compared with the senior school students (P<0.01), but the screen time of senior school students was significantly higher than that of junior school students (P<0.01).Grade, gender and father's education level could significantly affect PA.Senior school (OR = 2.244, 95%CI = 1.75-2.88) and girls (OR = 3.42, 95%CI = 2.73-4.28) were risk factors for low PA.What' s more, compared with father with the postgraduate degree, the father at the educational level below the junior school (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.13-3.64), senior school (OR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.32-2.99), with polytechnic and college degree (OR= 1.56, 95%CI = 1.12-2.16) were also the risk factors for the children's PA deficiency.Conclusion Compared with the junior school students, the senior school students' PA is lower and the screen time is longer.PA of boys is higher than that of girls.PA of the children with father with low education level is also low.
Associated factors for knowledge attitude behavior of HIV/AIDS among technical school students in Guangzhou
LUO Linfeng, CHEN Jianwei, SUN Ai, XU Xinhong
2018, 39(7): 997-1000. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.011
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Objective To investigate knowledge, attitude and behavior on HIV/AIDS among technical school student in Guangzhou, and to provide evidence for HIV/AIDS health education.Methods A total of 991 students from 10 technical schools were investigated with a questionnaire about HIV/AIDS knowledge through cluster sampling.Results Score of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior was 18.46 ± 4.62, 2.98 ± 1.09 and 9.39 ± 2.48, respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, monthly living expenses and family atmosphere associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS (P<0.05).Age and parental marital quality associated with attitude of HIV/AIDS (P<0.05).Gender, age, monthly living expenses and family atmosphere correlated with HIV/AIDS related behaviors (P<0.05).Conclusion HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior among technical school students is insufficient, which calls for further HIV/AIDS health education and promotion in school settings according to the cognitive, physiological and psychological characteristics of students.
Influencing factorial analysis of death anxiety among middle school students in Guizhou Province
WANG Xiaobin, WANG Junhua, CHEN Xiong
2018, 39(7): 1001-1003,1007. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.012
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Objective To understand death anxiety among middle school students in Guizhou province, and to provide basic information for psychological crisis prevention.Methods By using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 5 092 middle school students from three areas in Guizhou province were investigated with self-made questionnaire and the Chinese version of Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS).Data was analyzed by factor analysis and structural equation models using SPSS 17.0 and Amos 21.0.Results Average score of death anxiety was (7.28±3.02).About 2 702 (53.06%) reported afraid of death, 3 126 (62.16%) fearing pressure and pain due to death, 2 890 (56.76%) reported frequent thoughts on short life and 2 248 (44.15%) reckoned death as tremendous trouble.Death anxiety score differed in gender, nationalities, grade and region (P < 0.05).Results from AMOS showed that the strongest risk factor for death anxiety was social bullying (total effect: 0.10), followed by near-death experience (total effect:0.01).Protective factors for death anxiety included school-based life education and intimate family environment, both effect sizes for death anxiety was 0.06.Conclusion Death anxiety is high among middle school students in Guizhou Province.Considering the significant impact of social bullying on death anxiety, schools should pay attention to peer bullying prevention as well as life education.It's also important for parents to provide a supportive family environment.
Analysis of the prevalence of screen time behavior among the local and migrant children in Beijing and its influencing factors
HE Li, ZHANG Xiaojie, WANG Haipeng, LIANG Siyuan, WEN Ming, LIN Danhua
2018, 39(7): 1004-1007. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.013
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Objective To compare and analyze the prevalence of screen time behavior among the local and migrant children in Beijing during weekends and weekdays and its influencing factors, and to provide reference for follow-up health education and prevention.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 621 students of grade 1 in the 2014-2015 academic year from 4 common public middle schools in Haidian District of Beijing, and questionnaire was performed on them.Results On average, screen time of participants spent on weekday and weekend were 1.04 h/d and 2.56 h/d, respectively.Participants spent more screen time during weekends than weekdays, and spent more than recommended 2 hours per day of screen time on weekends.Migrant children (weekday: 1.19 h/d, weekend: 2.81 h/d) were disadvantaged in terms of screen time compared to local children (weekday: 0.88 h/d, weekend: 2.31 h/d) in Beijing.During weekdays, migrant children with poor self-regulation had a higher risk of non-complicance with screen time recommendations than those with good self-regulation (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.12-4.36), no matter of weekdays or weekends, local children with less family support were less likely to meet recommended screen time (weekday: OR = 3.42, 95%CI = 1.32-8.89; weekend: OR = 2.74, 95%CI = 1.49-5.03).Conclusion Both migrant and local children in Beijing are at risk for excessive screen time.Given that factors significantly associated with behaviors for local and migrant students were different, targeted health education and interventions should be applied.
Study on the body composition of healthy children aged 6-8 in Songjiang District, Shanghai
WEN Xinfei, LIU Jinyan
2018, 39(7): 1008-1010. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.014
Abstract(425) PDF(10)
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Objective To understand the children body composition characteristics of Songjiang District of Shanghai, body composition standards developed for 6-8 yeras old children to provide data support, and for the research and control children's nutrition and health level to provide a certain basis.Methods By random cluster sampling, 903 children were selected for body composition detection, including height, weight, body fat, protein, bone mass and so on.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS20.0.Results The overweight rate for these children was 3.9%, the obesity rate was 1.9%.The height of children aged 6-8 in Song Jiang district increased by about 5 cm each year, and the weight increased by about 3 kg each year, and the bone mass and protein level increased year by year (P<0.05).There was no difference between fat weight, bone mass and protein content in boys and girls of the same age (P>0.05).In the age of 8 years, the muscles of the body content showed significant difference (P<0.01) except for the trunk area.The fat-free mass, bone mass and protein content of the same age had no significant difference between the same age (P>0.05).The boy's FM% increase with age, and the FM% of girls increased with age between 6 to 7 (P<0.01), whereas between 7-8 basic remains unchanged, at the age of 7, girls FM% was higher than boys (P<0.05), while at the age of eight, boys body fat rate was higher than girls (P < 0.05).Conclusion In the age of 6-7, children's body composition increases with age, but the gender difference is small, and the gender difference in body composition changes is obvious at the age of 8 years.It suggests that we need to pay attention to the age difference for while research and formulate policies for 6-8 years old children.
Comparison of bullying behavior among secondary school students in Liaoning Province in 2017 and 2008
WANG Hongwei, WEN Yonghong, LI Rui, ZHAO Li, XU Xiaodong, BAO Xin, HUANG Lidong, XU Pinliang
2018, 39(7): 1011-1013. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.015
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Objective To compare the changes of bullying behavior among secondary school students in 2017 and 2008, and to provide a basis for relevant prevention and control.Methods The questionnaire survey was conducted in shenyang, anshan and fuxin cities of liaoning province in 2017 and 2008 respectively, with 2 842 students surveyed in 2017 and 3 052 in 2008.Results Compared with 2008, boys dropped only "be maliciously teasing" in 2017 (P>0.05), "threatened/intimidated" obviously increased (P<0.05), "beaten/kicked/pushed/squeezed/closed ", "be laughed at by physical defects/looks", "asked for property", "intentionally excluded/isolated" all have risen, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); In 2017, the decline of girls was " maliciously teasing " (P> 0.05), " beaten/kicked/pushed/squeezed/closed " slightly decreased (P> 0.05); and " be laughed at by physical defects/looks", " intentionally excluded/isolated ", "threatened/intimidated", "asked for property" has increased, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion Except for "maliciously teasing", the report rate of other 5 kinds of bullying behaviors among urban secondary school students in Liaoning province have generally increased, especially the " threatened/intimidated " of boys.
Correlation between peer victimization and behavioral problems among preschool children in Huangshan city
HONG Huaying, LI Zhen, WU Xiaochen, HAN Azhu, ZHANG Guobao, XU Nuo, SU Puyu
2018, 39(7): 1014-1017. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.016
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Objective To examine the prevalence of peer victimization among preschool children in Huangshan, and to explore the relationship between behavior problems and peer victimization, so as to provide a reference for prevention and controlling work of peer victimization in the preschool stage.Methods The parents of 2 395 preschool children were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire to research on the preschool children' s demographics, peer victimization and behavior problems.Results The prevalence rates of verbal peer victimization, relationship peer victimization and physical peer victimization in recent 2 months were 7.7%, 14.9% and 28.3%, respectively.Approximately 36.9% of preschool children were reported to be engaged in at least one type of peer victimization.As the age growth, the prevalence of verbal peer victimization and relationship peer victimization were increased (P<0.01), however, the prevalence of physical peer victimization was decreased (P = 0.001).According to the seven subscale of the behaviour problems internalizing/externalizing problems and total scores of behaviour problems in this study, the prevalence of each three peer victimization among preschool children with behaviour problems was much higher than those who without behaviour problems (P<0.05).Preschool children's anxiety, somatization symptoms, aggressive behaviour, attention, and hyperactivity were associated with verbal victimization with odds ratios (ORs) at least 1.6; the relationships between aggressive behaviour and attention and relationship victimization had been found in this study with ORs above 2.3; somatization symptoms and aggressive behaviour were related to physical victimization with ORs no less than 1.4.Conclusion It is common to see the peer victimization among preschool children in China.These findings suggest a strong relationship between behaviour problems and being bullied in preschool children.
Association of abnormal behavior with brain structure in first-episode childhood schizophrenia
ZHU Junjing, GUO Suqin, LIANG Yinghui, SHAO Rongrong
2018, 39(7): 1018-1021. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.017
Abstract(288) PDF(3)
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Objective To explore the relation of behavior characteristics and brain structure in the first-episode childhood schizophrenia.Methods Totally 96 children with schizophrenia meeting with the criterion of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) and 49 healthy children were selected as control group one, and another 100 healthy children were selected as control group two.The brain structure of 96 children and 49 healthy children were detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Achenbach 's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess social competence and behavioral characteristics of all participants.Results The schizophrenia group had higher transverse diameter of third ventricle, lateral ventricle anterior horn (t = 3.00, 2.13, P<0.05) and lower corpus callosum thickness, caudate head width, hippocampus thickness than the control group (t =-2.44, -7.68, -5.07, P<0.05).Schizophrenia children had higher scores in behavioral problem, social withdrawal, cleavage coercion and offensive factor (Z = 3.00, 2.56, 2.75, 3.67, P<0.05) and lower social competence and school situation compared with control group (t =-4.30, Z = 4.85; P<0.01).Social competence was significantly positively correlated with corpus callosum thickness, gyrus cingulatus, caudate length, the width of the hippocampus and hippocampus thickness.Behavioral problem total scores were inversely correlated with caudate length and the width of the hippocampus.Conclusion The first-episode childhood schizophrenia have lower social competence and more behavioral problems in pre-symptom period.Ventricle enlargement and brain structural abnormalities following onset of the disease are observed.Behavioral problem and the social competence get worse with significant ventricle enlargement and brain structural abnormalities.
Investigation on behavior problems and influencing factors of urban left behind and non left behind children in Harbin
MA Long, YU Deli, WANG Zhe, XIN Zhiyu, CUI Jing, WANG Miao, WANG Yijun
2018, 39(7): 1022-1025. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.018
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Objective To determine the differences and influencing factors of the behavior problem among left-behind children and non-left-behind children aged 4-5 years and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention intervention in Harbin.Methods In November-December 2016, a case-control study was conducted to select 208 left-behind children aged 4-5 years from 12 kindergartens in Harbin and 208 non-left-behind control subjects frequency were matched by class, gender and birth date (within 3 months), the selected 416 child guardians conducted a questionnaire survey.The questionnaire includes: general information about children, Achenbach, Child Behavior Checklist, Family Assessment Device and so on.Results The detection rates of behavioral problems of children in left-behind group and non-left-behind group were respectively 20.2% and 15.9% (χ2= 1.32, P = 0.25); but in left-behind group girls' behavior problem detection rate (26.7%) was higher than the boys ' behavioral problems detection rate (13.6%) (χ2= 5.515, P = 0.019).There was no significant difference in behavior problem scores between left-behind group (26.78±30.22) and non-left-behind group: (26.78±30.22) (t = 1.73, P = 0.085); but the differences in thinking problem and aggressive behavior scores were statistically significant (Thinking Problem: t = 2.23, P = 0.023; Aggressive Behavior: t = 2.30, P = 0.02).There was a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of the family function and the children's thinking and aggressive behavior in the left-behind group; the role function had a significant positive correlation with the aggressive behavior.The regression coefficients of communication dimension and role dimension on left-behind children 's thinking problems were respectively 0.203 and0.238.The regression coefficients of the family function role dimension and the behavior control dimension on the aggressive behavior of left-behind children were respectively 0.269 and 0.175; The regression coefficient of the family function role dimension on aggressive behavior of non-left-behind children were 0.172.Conclusion Left-behind group of child thinking problem and aggressive behavior problems are more serious than non-left-behind, the behavior problems occur between left-behind and non-left-behind children is related to family dysfunction.
Effect and associated factors of physical exercise on the physical and mental health among college students
MENG Shuxian, SHEN Chong
2018, 39(7): 1026-1029. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.019
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Objective To explore the effect and associated factors of physical exercise on the physical and mental health among college students.Methods A total of 240 male and female students who were physically inactive were selected from a university in Nanjing, randomly divided into the intervention (160) and control group (80).Physical examination was carried out before and after the intervention, including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and lung capacity.Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and vital capacity index was calculated.The mental health condition was measured by SCL-90 scale.The students of the intervention group were matched according to clustering analysis, which was divided into the effective group and the poor effect group.Results Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in BMI, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and lung capacity in the intervention group (P<0.05), and there were statistical differences in the four dimensions of coercion, interpersonal relationship, depression and hostility in the SCL-90 scale (P<0.05).Rural origin, the weekly exercise frequency was 1, frequent colds and not afraid of sports were protective factors for better intervention effects (OR> 1.0).The students who were unable to continue to adhere the sports said the main reason was the dislike of the sports type (60.71%), dislike of the feeling of failure in sports (54.72%), or no time (36.90%).Conclusion Short-term exercise intervention in college students has a positive effect on physical and mental health.Targeted exercise prescription should be done for different population characteristics.Increasing the sports fun can improve the effect of exercise intervention.
State of psychological sub-health and influencing factors of middle school students in three regions of China
ZHANG Zhirong, LIANG Jiazhi, ZHANG Jinxin
2018, 39(7): 1030-1032. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.020
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Objective To understand their situation of sub-health by investigating the middle school students of three areas in China, and to provide the reference for relevant measures and promoting middle school students' health.Methods A multi-dimensional self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate 3 026 middle school students selected from Tibet, Shanxi and Guangzhou from 2012 to 2013 by two-stage sampling method.Results The detection rate of psychological sub-health was 11.12%in junior middle school students and 17.5% in high middle school students.Overweight burden of study, spending over 4 hours on internet, drinking, and imbalanced diet were the risk factors of psychological sub-health in junior middle school students (OR =1.942, 2.298, 1.919, 1.735).Exercise, adequate sleeping time, having a large number of friends and seeking help were the protective factors of the state of sub-health in junior middle school students (OR = 0.522, 0.189, 0.275, 0.570).Grade, lack of sleep, overweight burden of study, going home for less than one time a week, lack of exercise, smoking, drinking, lack of friends and introversion were the risk factors of psychological sub-health in high middle school students (OR = 1.728, 9.459, 2.427, 2.478, 2.472, 2.138, 2.344, 10.324, 1.547).Boy students, families in the villages and towns, seeking help were the protective factors of psychological sub-health in high middle school students (OR = 0.679, 0.588, 0.378).Conclusion It suggests that the comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken, the risk factors be excluded and the protective factors be taken, the state of the psychological sub-health can be effectively prevented and controlled, and the health growth of the middle school students can be maintained.
Correlation between sleep problems and physical and mental health among preschool children in Huangshan city
LI Zhen, HONG Huaying, WU Xiaochen, HAN Azhu, ZHANG Guobao, XU Nuo, SU Puyu
2018, 39(7): 1033-1036,1040. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.021
Abstract(300) PDF(5)
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Objective To understand the prevalence of sleep problems among preschool children in Huangshan, and to analyze the association between sleep problems and nutritional status and behavior problems, so as to provide a basic for prevention and controlling work of their sleep problems.Methods A total of 2 395 preschool children were selected in Huangshan.A self-designed questionnaire was completed by the preschool children's parents or the primary caregiver to collect the information including the preschool children's demographics, sleeping problems, behavior problems, and physical growth test and hemoglobin detection.Results About 89.0% of preschool children suffered from sleep problems.And the younger children were more inclined to have the problems of sleeping habit and prolonged sleep latency; The older children were more inclined to have the problems of sleeping duration and daytime sleeping, and the differences in different gender group were of statistical significance (P < 0.05).The children who had the problem of daytime drowsiness were more possible to have lower body weight, and the children who had sleeping duration and daytime drowsiness were more possible to have nutritional anemia, and the differences were of statistical significance (P<0.05).Except for night waking, all other subscale of CSHQ had shown that preschool students with sleeping problems had higher prevalence of internalizing/externalizing problems and total behavior problems than those who without sleeping problems (P< 0.05).Conclusion Preschool children's sleep problems are extremely common, and it is closely related to children's nutritional status, anemia and behavior problems.
Mediation role of self-control in the association between physical exercise and aggressive behavior among college freshmen
ZHANG Zhikai, ZHU Fengshu, CAI Xianfeng, XIA Wenxue
2018, 39(7): 1037-1040. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.022
Abstract(275) PDF(11)
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Objective To examine the relationship between physical exercise and aggressive behavior among college freshmen, and to test the mediation effect of self-control in the association.Methods A total of 986 students from one university in Yangzhou were randomly selected and assessed with Physical Activity Rating (PAR-3), Self-control Scale and Aggression Questionnaire.Demographic information was also collected.Results Aggressive behavior and self-control were at a moderate level (60.81±9.56, 63.78 ± 8.79).Aggressive behavior score of male students was lower than that of female (60.13 ± 9.30, 61.40 ±9.76, t = 1.66, P < 0.05).Aggressive behavior ' s scores of non-only-child students was higher than that of only-child students (61.81±9.09, 59.76±9.93, t =-3.38, P<0.01), and students from urban areas lower than rural students (59.67±9.42, 61.68±9.59, t =-3.29, P < 0.01).The self-control in high physical exercise group was better than that of low group (68.47 ± 11.62, 63.37±8.65, 95%CI = 1.384-8.448, P < 0.01) while aggressive behavior was lower (56.21 ± 7.81, 61.23 ± 9.46, 95% CI =-8.261, -0.630, P<0.05).There is a negative correlation between self-control and aggressive behavior (r =-0.494, P<0.01).A negative correlation between the physical exercise volume and aggressive behavior was found (r =-0.118, P < 0.01).Self-control positively associated with physical exercise volume (r = 0.125, P<0.01).The structural equation modeling analysis results supported that physical exercise had direct effect on aggressive behavior of college freshmen, and it can also alleviate the aggressive behavior of college freshmen by improving self-control.Conclusion Physical exercise has positive effect on alleviating aggressive behavior.Self-control plays partial mediation effect in this relationship.
Effect of gender and exposure on PTSD among adolescents victims after Lushan earthquake
TANG Wanjie, ZHAO Jingdong, LU Yi, ZHANG Jun, XU Jiuping
2018, 39(7): 1041-1042,1046. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.023
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Objective To examine the effect of gender and exposure variables on PTSD among adolescents victims after Lushan Earthquake, and to provide the scientific reference for a long-term psychological intervention and rehabilitation for students and adolescents after earthquake.Methods Totally 3 518 students were sampled in two middle schools and two high schools in Lushan County from April 25 to May 20 in 2016.Self-report exposure questionnaire and The Children' s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) were applied to the subjects to analyze the influences of incidence of PTSD, exposure and gender.Results The prevalence of three-year PTSD of adolescents in Lushan was 13.3%.Logistic model indicated a number of risk factors included girl (OR = 1.304), feeling extremely scared (OR = 2.019); being trapped (OR = 2.019); being injured (OR = 1.690); having parents, relatives or friends who were injured (OR = 1.624); witnessing people being trapped (OR = 1.651) and witnessing death (OR = 1.307, P<0.05).Conclusion The psychological intervention after earthquake should take a long-term perspective, and should be targetedly carried out.Adolescents among female victim or those experienced extreme fear emotion, need specific intervention.
Quality of life and associated factors among secondary school students in Guangzhou
LIN Qiongfen, HUANG Ruonan, CHEN Jingyi, GUO Yangfeng
2018, 39(7): 1043-1046. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.024
Abstract(360) PDF(12)
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Objective To explore the quality of life and associated factors among secondary school students in Guangzhou.Methods By using stratified random cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey on Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents (QLSCA) and Student Stress Assessment (SSA) was conducted among 5 781 students from 14 secondary schools in Guangzhou.Results There were significant differences in quality of life in gender, school type and grade (P<0.05).Boys scored higher in living conditions, while lower in social psychological function, compared with girls.Key school students scored higher than normal school students, and junior middle school students scored higher than high school students.Significant difference was also noticed among students whose parents had different educational background (P<0.05).The quality of life of secondary school students in Guangzhou was significantly lower than the national norm (P < 0.05).Academic pressure, age, gender highly correlated with students 'quality of life.Conclusion The quality of life among secondary school students in Guangzhou is far from satisfactory, and relevant strategies should be adopted to improve their quality of life effectively.
Effects of parent-child separation on loneliness and adjustment among undergraduates
MIAO Lijun, WANG Guangyun
2018, 39(7): 1047-1049,1053. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.025
Abstract(315) PDF(8)
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Objective To investigate the effect of parent-child separation experience on loneliness, depression and adjustment in undergraduates.Methods A total of 1 218 undergraduates were investigated by using Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Chinese College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS).Results Loneliness score among undergraduates (44.97±7.59) with parent-child separation were higher than those without separation (43.70±7.75) (P<0.01).No statistically differences in depression score between the two groups (22.97±13.21 vs 22.86±13.61 in control, P = 0.888).In addition to lower interpersonal adjustment among parent-child separation undergraduates (34.16±5.73 vs34.91±5.46 in control), no differences were found in other dimensions of adjustment.The younger and longer duration of separation, the greater influence on the loneliness and adjustment of undergraduates.Conclusion Parent-child separation experience has influence on loneliness and adjustment in early adulthood.
Analysis of influencing factors on school bullying among leftover and non-leftover children in Guangzhou
TANG Dongchun, CAI Weicong, LI Liping
2018, 39(7): 1050-1053. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.026
Abstract(378) PDF(19)
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of school bullying among leftover and non-leftover children in Guangzhou, aiming to provide a scientific basis to implement effective intervention measures.Methods Students from ten primary and middle schools graded 3-12 in Guangzhou selected via the method of cluster random sampling were invited to participate into a self-reported questionnaire.The questionnaire was comprised of social-demographics, personal behavior, and the situation of school bullying in the past six months.Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors for school bullying.Results The overall prevalence of school bullyng was 14.19%, with leftover children (23.05%) being higher than non-leftover children (13.02%).The results of multivariable logistic regression showed that ordinary or contradictory family relationship, and paternal drinking were the risk factors of school bullying among leftover children (OR = 2.447, 3.051, 1.624), while boys, primary school, ordinary or contradictory family relationship, maternal drinking, auto-smoking or drinking were the risk factors for school bullying experiences among non-leftover children (OR = 1.417, 2.442, 1.969, 1.941, 1.671).Conclusion School bullying was common among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou, and more leftover children suffer from it than nonleftover ones, and affected by various factors.Targeted intervention strategies should be implemented to prevent the occurrence of school bullying and ensure the healthy growth of children and adolescents.
Dental caries in Macao primary school pupils with different oral health behavior
WU Dongming, ZHANG Yanfeng
2018, 39(7): 1054-1056. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.027
Abstract(278) PDF(11)
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Objective To understand dental caries and oral health behavior among primary students in Macao.Methods Data from "Macao Citizen Constitution Monitoring Report" included 5 240 pupils (2 872 boys, 2 368 girls).According to the requirement of "2015 Macao Citizen Constitution Monitoring Guidebook", dental caries was inspected through mouth mirror and probe by clinical dentists.Oral health habit was self-reported.T test, Chi-square test and Logistic regression model was used to statistical analysis.Results Among the 6-12 years old pupils in Macao, 58.7% had dental caries.Children who did not brush their teeth every day had 1.28 higher risk of caries risk than those who brushed teeth every day.The probability of dental caries had 42.4%lower risk of dental caries among those who brushed teeth and flossing every day than those who brushed teeth without floss every day.Dental caries was found 42.5% higher among those who visited dentist clinics compared with those who did not visit dental clinics.The figure was 29.8% among those who already had dental caries before visiting dental clinic.About 34.2% of children had tooth decay in primary molars.Conclusion There are 58.7% Macao pupils aged 6 to 12 years old having tooth decay.Brushing and flossing everyday can help keep teeth clean and prevent decay tooth.The Macau primary students have not paid enough attention to oral health or regular dental examination, only after dental caries occurred.
Epidemiological characteristics of clustering outbreak of hand foot and mouth disease in kindergartens in Pudong New Area of Shanghai
XIN Xin, GU Huozheng, ZHAO Bin, HAO Lipeng, ZHU Weiping
2018, 39(7): 1057-1059. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.028
Abstract(402) PDF(7)
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Objective To explore the relationship among indoor environment, meteorological factors with clustering outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in kindergartens in Pudong New area of Shanghai.Methods Data of indoor environment, meteorological factors were analyzed with variance, multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation.Temporal and spatial characteristics were analyzed with Bayesian model Kriging interpolation method.Results The ultraviolet, high wind speed, high atmospheric pressure associated with lower risk while high indoor temperature, high average relative humidity and lowest temperature associated with higher risk of outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease.Indoor ultraviolet illumination and temperature entered into the final environment model, with regression coefficients-0.004 and 0.02, respectively.The average wind speed, atmospheric pressure and minimum temperature entered into the meteorological model, with regression coefficients of-11.68, -9.37 and-6.45, respectively.Conclusion Indoor environmental, meteorological factors and the regional characteristics are closely related to the clustering outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in kindergarten.Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease contemporaneously and efficiently.
Analysis of the influencing factors of snoring disease and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome of higher vocational college students in Nanning
LONG Shuzhen, HUANG Xin, TAN Qianging, SU Donghong
2018, 39(7): 1060-1062,1065. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.029
Abstract(265) PDF(4)
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Objective To investigate snoring patients and high risk group of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) of Higher Vocational College students in Nanning and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide reference for health guidance for snoring patients and high risk group of OSAHS.Methods We selected students of grade 2016 from Guangxi vocational and technical institute of health in Nanning by cluster sampling method.And an anonymous self-administered questionnaire were offered to them to collect data.Results There were 38 snoring patients (3.3%) and 23 high-risk people of OSAHS (2.0%) among1 161 respondents.The proportion of male, BMI, waist circumference, the proportions of smoker and drinker, sleeping position, nasal cavity and tonsil hypertrophy in snoring group were higher than in non-snoring group (χ2/t = 13.70, 2.46, 14.20, 28.60, 20.80, P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the regression coefficient B of the snoring influencing factors were positive, such as waits circumference, history of drinking, history of stenosis of the nasal cavity and history of tonsillar hypertrophy.Among the OSAHS influencing factors, the regression coefficient B of the frequency of snoring and scores of Epworth sleep scale were positive and that of the pillow height was negative (P<0.05).Conclusion Reduction of waist circumference, abstinence and treatment of tonsillar hypertrophy and the diseases that causes narrowing of the nasal cavity would reduce the risk of soring disease.Reducing snoring frequency, improvement of somnolence symptoms and a right pillow would reduce the risk of OSAHS.
Risk of enterovirus between hand foot and mouth disease among family members of infected and healthy children in Baoshan District of Shanghai
XIANG Lunhui, YUAN Guoping, YANG Xingtang, JIN Kai, ZHANG Yuejuan, WANG Junjun
2018, 39(7): 1063-1065. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.030
Abstract(328) PDF(3)
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Objective To understand of risk of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among family close contacts of infected and healthy children and to provide the basis for HFMD prevention and control.Methods Confirmed cases of HFMD from Baoshan district, onset in Jan 2016 to Dec 2017, were matched with 1 ∶ 1 healthy children from the same area.Family members of the HFMD cases and healthy children were investigated with information on demographic information, living environment and health related behaviors.The stool or anal swabs of all members were detected by real-time RT-PCR.The enterovirus infection rates were compared.Results Among the 76 cases, 45 of 179 (25.14%) family close contacts were enterovirus positive, compared with 9 of168 (5.36%) family members of healthy children.The positive rate was highest among brothers and sisters of infected children (55.56%), followed by parents (25.78%) and grandparents (16.67%) (χ2= 6.05, P = 0.048).The positive rates among family members close contact with cases for more than 6 h per day was highest (34.44%) than those spent < 6 h per day (χ2= 8.33, P =0.004).Enterovirus infection risk among family members closely contact with HFMD cases correlated with living area less than 15 m2 (OR = 2.727, 95%CI: 1.329-5.593), been to crowded places within a week (OR = 6.055, 95%CI: 2.432-15.074), while frequent sun drying mattress (OR = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.003-0.080) showed protective effect.Conclusion The enterovirus infection risk among family members closely contact with HFMD infected children can't be ignored.Management and health education should be strengthened among family close contacts with HFMD cases.
Epidemiological analysis on the spatiotemporal clustering of students' pulmonary tuberculosis in Wenzhou from 2008 to 2017
SHAN Zhili, MAO Lingqiong, ZHU Xiaomei, LI Jun
2018, 39(7): 1066-1068,1072. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.031
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Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of students pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases in Wenzhou from 2008 to 2017, and to provide the scientific basis for TB control.Methods Arc GIS and Sa TScan applications was used to analyze the spatiotemporal clustering of PTB in students at the township level from 2008 to 2017, and to present the spatial and temporal clustering areas of PTB in students by Arc GIS.Results The students' PTB incidence rate in Wenzhou presented declining trend from 2008 to 2017.Global spatial autocorrelation with Sa TScan showed that there were the obvious clustering for students PTB.Chashan Street, where Wenzhou college town is located, was the main clustering areas for pulmonary tuberculosis.The true registered number of cases was 83 (RR = 4.67, LLR = 61.77, P < 0.01).The secondary clustering areas were 3 districts in middle and northern of Yong Jia, and southern of Yue Qing, The true registered number of cases was 139, 159, 179 (RR = 2.31, 1.49, 1.43, LLR = 36.14, 10.48, 9.49, P< 0.01).The purely temporal scan statistics showed the temporal cluster with a two-month period from April to May.The real registered number of cases was 688 (RR = 2.12, LLR = 121.48, P<0.01).Conclusion The Spatiotemporal scanning analysis method can be very well applied to analyze hot spots of PTB in students.In combination with geographic information systems, it can better intuitively and comprehensively display the areas of disease clustering and provide scientific reference for future targeted prevention and control measures.
Intestinal flora structure of obese Mongolian children based on DGGE and real-time PCR
ZHANG Mengjie, WANG Ning, YUAN Tian, SHI Xuemin, GAO Lei, BAO Yan
2018, 39(7): 1069-1072. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.032
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Objective To compare the intestinal flora of Mongolian children with different body mass index (BMI) in a certain area of Baotou city.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate 410 Mongolian children aged 7 to 12 years old in Baotou City.Each weight category group (obesity, overweight and normal weight) included 30 cases and age-, sex-matched30 control children.The fecal genomic DNA was extracted by the kit method.The diversity of intestinal flora of Mongolian children with different BMI groups was analyzed by PCR-DGGE.The real-time PCR was used to detect the dominant bacteria in intestinal tract, including Bacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.Results PCR-DGGE electrophores showed that there were differences in the composition of intestinal flora of Mongolian children with different BMI groups.The species richness of obesity group (7.40± 0.55) was significantly lower than that of normal body weight group (11.00 ± 1.22) and overweight group (12.40±2.51) (P<0.05); the Shannon diversity index of obese group (1.92±0.07) was lower than that of normal body weight group (2.29±0.10) and overweight group (2.33± 0.21) (P< 0.05).Results of real-time PCR showed that with the increase of BMI, the number of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroidesin in different BMI groups of Mongolian children decreased (P<0.05), while the number of Clostridium increased (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of Lactobacillus among the three groups (P>0.05).Conclusion There are differences in the composition of intestinal fiora of Mongolian children with different BMI groups.It suggests that intestinal flora may be involved in the occurrence and development of obesity in Mongolian children.
2018, 39(7): 1073-1075. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.033
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2018, 39(7): 1076-1078. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.034
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2018, 39(7): 1078-1080. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.035
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2018, 39(7): 1081-1084. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.036
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2018, 39(7): 1084-1086. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.037
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2018, 39(7): 1087-1090. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.038
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2018, 39(7): 1090-1092. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.039
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2018, 39(7): 1093-1094. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.040
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2018, 39(7): 1095-1097. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.041
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2018, 39(7): 1098-1100. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.042
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2018, 39(7): 1101-1103. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.043
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2018, 39(7): 1103-1107. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.044
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2018, 39(7): 1108-1109. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.045
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2018, 39(7): 1110-1114. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.046
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2018, 39(7): 1114-1116. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.047
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2018, 39(7): 1117-1120. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.048
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