中国学校卫生

2016, 37(6): 801-804. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.001

Abstract(194) PDF(5)

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Investigation on Chinese children and youth physical activity status and influence factors

LI Peihong, WANG Mei

2016, 37(6): 805-809,813. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.002

Abstract(532) PDF(14)

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Objective To evaluate overall physical activity level and influence factors of Chinese children and youth,and provide reference for improvement of physical activity level and fitness.Methods Data quoted from "Report of 6-69-year-olds Physical Activity investigation and Physical Fitness sampling tests in China(2014)",relevant physical activity data were processed by SPSS 20.0,descriptive statistics and logistic stepwise analysis were adopted.Results Only 8.9% of children and youth reach recommended amounts of physical activity,due to high participation (99.8%) but low intensity(nearly 1/4 didn't reach moderate intensity).Extracurricular(OR=6.57,95%CI=5.58-7.73),off-school physical activity (OR=6.11,95%CI=5.17-7.22) and PE class (OR=5.32,95%CI=4.49-6.31) accounted for qualified rate of PA guideline.While active play and school commute participation of organized sport club shown lower contribution on PA level.Doing homework ≥ 2 hours/day was negatively related to PA level(OR=0.59,95%CI=0.44-0.80).Parents' support and teachers' instruction or coaching were protective factors of overall physical activity level,while unitary sports facilities and low utilization rate were limitation.Conclusion Children and youth are severely inactive in phyisical activity in China.Multi-angle guidance and promotions were required on participation in physical activity.Strengthening effective physical exercise and reducing sedentary time should be key contents to improve overall physical activity level of children and youth.

A survey on the baseline status of iron related nutrition knowledge in the 21 provinces of rural boarding school in China

2016, 37(6): 810-813. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.003

Abstract(374) PDF(4)

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Objective To gain a deep understanding of the iron nutrition in 21 provinces,and to provide the baseline data and scientific basis for the improvement of iron nutrition status of students.Methods This paper tries to use stratified random cluster sampling method,and a total of 2 716 boarding school students from three economic regions in China were investigated.And a questionnaire was used to survey the iron related nutrition knowledge.Results The Knowledge of iron deficiency and human health relationship for students was up to 87.00%,and as to iron supplement after using the iron pan,the occurrence of nutritional anemia associated with what kind of material,a good way to supplement the micronutrient,what is the value of anemia in 12-14 years old,what kind of iron is added in the iron-fortified soy sauce and the right awareness of what are the symptoms of iron deficiency were 57.58%,56.19%,16.31%,15.02%,12.85%,and 5.96%.To comparatively analyze the problem of which food is rich in iron and easy to be absorbed by human body,the role of "iron-fortified soy sauce" and iron deficiency affected to the student,the correct awareness rate of boys and girls have significant difference (X2 =6.002,7.093,5.622,P<0.05);The main influential factors of students' score of iron-related nutrition knowledge include gender,economic area and parental education level (P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed the values that the main factors affecting students' iron nutrition are related knowledge rate (pass rate) of gender,economic regional and father's education level were 1.161,1.920 and 1.284.Conclusion In the 21 provinces of China,rural boarding school students' knowledge of iron nutrition level is relatively low.We should strengthen the education and propaganda the knowledge of rural boarding school students' related knowledge and behavior,and prevent and control the risking factors of iron -related diseases.

Comprehensive intervention model on mental health among rural left-behind junior middle school students

OU Wei, XIE Qinhong, HE Jing, Wang Zhi, YANG Yingping, SONG Xingyong

2016, 37(6): 814-816. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.004

Abstract(313) PDF(15)

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Objective To assess the effectiveness of the school-family-individual based comprehensive mental health intervention among left-behind junior middle school students,and to provide evidence for the intervention.Methods Six rural junior middle schools were selected.A sample of 55 students in 3 schools were selected as experimental group,53 adolescents in other 3 schools were selected as control group.Chinese Middle School Students Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS) was used to screen mental health problems before and after intervention in both groups.Results After intervention,depressive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity and other factors in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (1.79±0.27 vs 2.57±0.50;1.64±0.37 vs 2.68±0.49).Moreover,intervention showed lasting effects for six months (1.85±0.30 vs 2.50.46;1.81±0.40 vs 2.55±0.51) (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive intervention shows significant effects in improvement of mental health among rural left-behind junior middle school students.

Effect of community rehabilitation on children with autism spectrum disorders in Tianjin

YANG Shuhan, SU Yuanyuan, HAN Yu, ZHANG Xin

2016, 37(6): 817-820. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.005

Abstract(372) PDF(12)

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Objective To investigate the function of community rehabilitation on children with autism spectrum disorders and explore the related influencing factors of the rehabilitation effects,then to provide the basis for better improvements in their related defects.Methods Adopting Clancy Autism Behavior Scale (CABS) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) for screening as well as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition) (DSM-V) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) for diagnosis.Selecting 19 children with autism spectrum disorders who have completed a whole year assessment of autistic children development assessment and investigating their parents for collecting related information.Utilizing repetitive measure analysis of vafiance and the Pearson linear correlation analysis for statistical disposition.Results The age difference of the actual age and the development age of three evaluation was on the decline over time,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) and the more diverse and targeted the rehabilitation is,the better the effects are.The correlations of statistical significance existed among the age of discovering suspected symptoms,the age of the final diagnosis,the age of first specking language,the age of walking independently,the intellectual function score and the total score of CARS with rehabilitation effects of different areas (P<0.05).Conclusion Tianjin' s community rehabilitation have exerted positive effects on the prognosis of children with autism spectrum disorders,and the effects of targeted,long-term comprehensive intervention are remarkable.

Association study of DNA methylation statue in 5' regulatory region of the ESR2 gene with autism

WANG Xuelai, LIANG Shuang, SUN Yi, LI Haixin, SUN Caihong, XIA Wei, WU Lijie

2016, 37(6): 821-826. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.006

Abstract(441) PDF(4)

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Objective A case-control study was performed to explore the association between DNA methylation statue of the Estrogen Receptor Beta (ESR2) gene and autism,which could imply an evidence of autism etiology.Methods A random sample of 54 boys with autism and 54 normal boys was performed DNA methylation in 5' regulatory region of the ESR2 gene by Bisulfite Sequencing PCR.The different DNA methylation between autism and control was compared by Mann-Whitney U-test.Results The DNA methylation of the entire 5' regulatory region in the ESR2 gene showed no difference between autism and control (P>0.05).Prom CGI contains 15 CpG sites,in which 7 CpG sites (CpG 5,6,8,9,10,11 and 12) were hypermethylation in the autism group (P<0.05).Most of these sites were in the motifs for transcription factor binding sites,including USF2,ZBTB33,REL,ESR2 and TFEC.Among 26 CpG sites in the Exon CGI,CpG 41 was hypermethylation in the autism group (P<0.05).Conclusion The present study provides insight into the common genetic variation in ESR2 gene in autism through an epigenetic mechanism.

Efficacy of auditory integration training in children with autism: a Meta-analysis

XU Na, ZHANG Lingxia, LI Chunyu

2016, 37(6): 827-830. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.007

Abstract(473) PDF(8)

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of auditory integration training (AIT) in children with autism.Methods Databases including Pubmed,EBSCO host,EM base,Science Direct database,WanFang database,VIP database,CKNI database were recruited to search for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of auditory integration training among children with autism from January 1995 to October 2015.Quality of RCTs was appraised and data were extracted for meta-analyses by using RevMan 5.3 software.Results Nine RCTs of AIT were included,six studies showed that AIT could reduce Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) score [WMD=-7.08,95%CI=(-12.04--2.13),P=0.005];three studies showed that AIT could reduce children with Autism Treatment Evaluation Cheek-list (ATEC) scores (WMD=-6.75,95%CI=-8.96--4.55,P<0.01];three studies showed that AIT could improve IQ of children with autism(WMD=7.72,95%CI=3.90-11.55,P<0.01).Conclusion Auditory integration training can reduce the score of Autism Behavior Checklist,Autism Evaluation Check-list and increase IQ among children with autism.It is necessary for autism children receive auditory integration training.

A case-control study on body composition of ASD children

2016, 37(6): 831-834. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.008

Abstract(502) PDF(19)

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Objective To understand body composition and nutritional status of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children,and to provide basis for comprehensive promotion among children with ASD.Methods A cluster sample of 48 ASD children and 48 age-and gender-matched healthy children were recruited.Height,weight,body fat mass,total body water,protein,mineral and skeletal muscles mass was measured by Inbody J 30.Body mass index (BMI),percentage of body fat (PBF) and waist circumference (WC) was calculated and compared between the two groups.Results Total body water,protein,body fat mass,fat free mass,PBF,BMI in ASD group were significantly higher than normal group (P<0.05).According to BMI,PBF and WC,Proportion of obesity based on different indicators (BMI,PBF and WC) was significantly higher among children with ASD than normal children (P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in body composition and nutritional status between ASD and normal children.Comprehensive health promotion including dietary advice should be carried out among ASD children.

A typical gray matter volume in children with autism spectrum disorder: a voxel-based morphometric study

2016, 37(6): 835-838. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.009

Abstract(432) PDF(6)

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Objective To compare the gray matter volume (GMV) of ASD children with healthy control and to explore the neuroimaging evidence associated with ASD brain structure.Methods Whole-brain T1 MRI scans were collected both from 21 ASD children and 9 normal children,VBM analysis was performed to calculate the GMV of each brain regions.A two-sample t test combining Alphasim multiple test correction was utilized to explore the regions with atypical GMV,then a multi-regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the GMV of atypical regions and symptoms of ASD,and the development course of two groups.Results Compared with HC group,ASD exhibited increased GMV in precuneus,calcarine,lingual gyrus,left posterior cingulated,left supramarginal gyrus,left superior temporal gyrus,left inferior parietal lobule,left postcentral gyrus,left rolandic operculum and left middle temporal gyrus(P<0.05 after correction).Moreover the GMV of left superior temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule(r =-0.64,P =0.002) were negative correlated with ADI-R SOCIAL and ADOS SOCIAL scores in ASD(r =-0.52,P=0.017).Investigation of age-related effects demonstrated that the GMV of atypical regions decreased with age in individuals with ASD(r=-0.52,P=0.002),but not in the HC group(r=-0.15,P=0.69).Conclusion The changes of GMV in ASD children located in several brain regions,and the brain structure of children with ASD was significantly abnormal.

Analysis of gastrointestinal problems and the related clinical features in children with autism spectrum disorder

2016, 37(6): 839-841,846. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.010

Abstract(298) PDF(3)

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Objective To explore the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and analyze the correlation between clinical features and gastrointestinal problems (GI) among children with ASD,and to provide reference for the comprehensive intervention of children with ASD.Methods 110 cases of ASD and 110 normal children were recruited,and the information about the gastrointestinal problems,emotional problems and sleep problems were collected.Autism diagnostic interview-revised (ADI-R) was used to assess ASD phenotype.Further,we compared the scores of ADI-R and the prevalence of clinical features between ASD with/without GI problems groups.Results The ASD children had a significantly higher prevalence of gastrointestinal problems than that in normal children (44.5% vs 24.5%)(X2 =9.730,P<0.01),especially in the symptoms of diarrhoea and abdominal distension (P<0.05).and the scores in diarrhea and abdominal distension are significantly different(X2 =6.62,6.74,P<0.05).Compared with 61 ASD students with no gastrointestinal problem (3.83±2.29),the "repetitive and stereotyped behavior" of 49 ASD students with gastrointestinal problem(5.30±2.55) get a higher score(t =3.17,P<0.01) Also,emotional problems and sleep problems were different between ASD with/without GI problems groups (X2 =7.01,4.27,P<0.05).Conclusion ASD children are more likely to have gastrointestinal problems compared with normal children.Compared to ASD children without GI problems,ASD children with GI problems are more serious in repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and more likely to have emotional and sleep problems.Therefore,it is necessary to pay more attention to related clinical problems of ASD,and carry out the comprehensive treatment and management of them.

Status and differences of diet nutrition among rural boarding schools in the economically-developed areas in China

2016, 37(6): 842-846. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.011

Abstract(285) PDF(3)

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Objective To survey the status of diet nutrition among rural boarding schools in the economically-developed areas in China,and provide references for making reasonable nutritional intervention measures.Methods Multi-stage cluster sampling was used.Three hundred and eighty-seven students were arranged to select from rural boarding schools,87 form Beijing,89 from Shanghai and 211 from Guangdong.The method of 3 days dietary recall was used,and the records of kitchens and samples were collected via questionnaires.Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to analyze the intake of food and nutrient in each group.Results The daily intake of grain in Beijing group was (255.41± 159.86) g,higher than that of Shanghai and Guangdong(P<0.05).The daily intake of vegetable in Shanghai group was (113.60±63.08) g,lowest among the three groups(P<0.05),while the intake of sweets was the highest(P<0.05).The highest ratios of reaching standards of energy and protein were in Shanghai group,reaching 97.75%(P<0.05) and 80.90%(P<0.05).There was statistical significance of the differences among students about other indicators.Conclusion Inadequate nutrient supplying maybe exists in the rural boarding schools in the suburb of the three cities.Thus we should fulfill the relative national policies,promote the balance of the nutrition supplying in schools,and enrich the boarding students' knowledge of nutrition to improve the status of nutrition among these groups evidently.

Investigation of attitudes towards drugs and the demand of education on drug prevention among university students

CAO Jiepin, ZHAO Yanting, CHEN Jiayan, WANG Zengzhen

2016, 37(6): 847-850,855. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.012

Abstract(279) PDF(3)

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Objective To understand the attitudes towards drugs,the related influence factors as well as the demand of education on drug prevention among undergraduates,and to provide evidence for the following education.Methods A total number of 2 012 students from 7 universities in Wuhan were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results Only 72.8% of the students had participated in education on drug prevention during high school.74.6% of the undergraduates found it necessary to set up education courses on drug prevention and those who demanded for the knowledge on drugs made up to 59.8% with Internet the way they preferred most.Besides,multinomial Logistic regression indicated that age,residence,and education on drug prevention were influencing factors of attitudes towards drugs(P<0.05).Conclusion The education on drug prevention has such an impact on undergraduates' attitudes towards drugs that education should be promoted,while in the practice of education,more attractive and acceptable way of teaching,Internet for example,is recommended.

Influencing factors of adolescents' leisure time physical activity based on the theory of planned behavior

KANG Xi, WANG Lijuan

2016, 37(6): 851-855. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.013

Abstract(313) PDF(10)

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Objective To evaluate the level of adolescents' leisure time physical activities,to examine and evaluate the participation of behavior theory,and to help students to foster healthy behaviors and to provide theoretical basis for further study in this field.Methods A total of 353 students aged 7-15 years old were selected to complete the questionnaires assessing the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs and acceleration measurements to analyze influencing factors of adolescents' leisure time physical activity.Results The average amount of adolescents' leisure time in moderate and vigorous physical activity(MVPA) was (15.26±11.21) min/d.Behavioral intention is the only direct factors accounted for 8.9%.Behavioral attitude and perceived behavioral control account for 33.2%.Subjective norms were not a significant predictor both in behavior and intention.Furthermore,intention among boys was predicted by their attitude and perceived behavior control (PBC),which accounted for 40.3%,whereas the sole predictor of intention among girls was PBC,which accounted for 27.4%.Conclusion Our adolescents' leisure physical activity level is lower than that of foreign teenagers.The analysis provided moderate support for the ability of the TPB variables to predict MVPA.

Intervention study on individual-response behavior and first aid ability among the college students when encountering violent terrorist attacks

ZHENG Xinhua, LI Juan

2016, 37(6): 856-858,862. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.014

Abstract(337) PDF(5)

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Objective To survey and promote individual-response behavior and first aid ability among college students when encountering violent terrorist attacks,and provide references for the effective intervention.Methods A total of 1 500 college students were selected by using the random cluster method.A questionnaire involving the response to violent terrorist attack behavior and involving general knowledge of first aid was used to assess their preparedness behavior and their first aid ability.Then,they learn how to response to violent and how to give first aid through multimedia and demonstrating.One year later,they were questioned and examined again.Results Before and after intervention study,the mean score of the individual preparedness behavior were (13.11 ± 5.79) and (27.02 ± 13.71) respectively,while the information on seeking behaviors were (4.08 ± 1.85) and (6.35±2.77) respectively,the avoidance behavior were (5.66±2.49) and (10.31± 5.18) respectively,and the general knowledge of first aid were (41.83± 12.33) and (69.74±20.17) respectively.The differences were all significant (P<0.01).Before and after intervention study,sex,difference between urban and rural areas,regional difference all had no effect on the result(P>0.05).Conclusion Individual-response behavior and first aid ability among college students when encountering violent terrorist attacks weren't relatively ideal before intervention.Proper intervention made satisfactory effects,which still cannot meet our realistic need.Thus it is of practical significance to improve intervention methods.

Health literacy and its influencing factors among university students

JING Wenzhan, HUANG Ziyue, LIU Qingyue, LIU Danping

2016, 37(6): 859-862. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.015

Abstract(305) PDF(5)

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Objective To realize the status of the health literacy and its influencing factors among university students,and to provide reference for improvement of the level of health literacy.Methods Based on the questionnaire of Chinese citizens' health literacy in 2008,a questionnaire of university students' health literacy was designed,covering 850 university students drawn from 10 universities in 5 areas(Nanjing,Chengdu,Guangzhou,Beijing and Xi'an).Results 15.3% university students had health literacy;the rates of students who had met the health literacy criteria on basic health knowledge and concepts,health lifestyles and behaviors,and health basic skills were 41.9%,10.0% and 55.9% respectively;the rates of safety and emergency,basic medical care,prevention and cure of infectious diseases,scientific view of health and prevention and cure of chronic diseases were 60.2%,48.4%,24.1%,20.9% and 1.6% respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis represented that university students who are in the medical profession(OR=5.016),care of health knowledge (OR=1.945) and access to health knowledge easier (OR=2.547)had higher level of health literacy(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of university students' total health literacy is still low,especially in health lifestyles and behaviors as well as prevention and cure of chronic diseases.Thus,the universities' educators should develop various and diverse health literacy education to improve their health literacy levels.

Relationship between exercise motivation and characteristics of exercise behavior among college students

ZHU Fengshu, ZHANG Zhikai

2016, 37(6): 863-866. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.016

Abstract(364) PDF(6)

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Objective To provide a theoretical basis for cultivating exercise behavior by fostering and inspiring exercise motivation among college students.Methods A total of 1 165 college students from one university in Yangzhou were assessed by Physical Activity Rate Scale and The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-version 2 (BREQ-2).Results For male students,three domains of behavioral scores were higher than that of female students(P<0.01),while introjected regulation (1.72± 1.16) was significantly lower than that of female students (1.96± 1.09).All the three domain of exercise behavior (frequency,intensity,and duration) correlated with exercise regulations such as intrinsic (r=0.21-0.33,P<0.01),integrated(r=0.21-0.43),identified(r=0.22-0.42) and interjected regulations(r=0.13-0.26).There was a negative correlation between motivation and exercise frequency (r=-0.21,P<0.05) in male students and a negative correlation between motivation and extrinsic regulation(r=-0.15,P<0.05) and exercise duration (r=-0.12,P<0.01) in female students.Integrated (male β=0.21,P<0.01;female β=0.39,P<0.01) and identified regulation (male β=0.26,P<0.01;female β=0.19,P<0.01) appeared to be an important predictor of exercise frequency for males and females.Integrated regulation was the only predictor of c exercise duration (male β=0.16,P<0.05;female β=0.21,P<0.01).Interjected regulation predicted exercise intensity for females only(β=0.12,P<0.05).Conclusion There are gender difference in college students' exercise behavior,introjected regulation and motivation.These findings suggest that exercise regulations that vary in their degree of internalization can differentially predict characteristics of exercise behavior.

Stereotypes of low-achieving students among senior high school students

ZHANG Fan, WANG Mingyi, CHEN Yinghe

2016, 37(6): 867-869. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.017

Abstract(265) PDF(4)

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Objective The study was designed to investigate stereotypes of low-achieving students among senior high students.Methods Totally,30 students from a key high school and 30 from an average high school were selected to take two implicit association tests.Results Senior high school students' average reaction time on the compatible tasks were significantly lower than on the incompatible task (tcompetence =14.37,tsociality =14.33,P<0.01),and the results of competence and sociality scale were significantly high than 0 (Mcompetence=1.16±1.03,Msociality=1.13±1.24,P<0.01);there was no correlation between implicit and exphcit stereotypes.Conclusion senior high students' competence and sociality;more attention should be paid on this phenomenon.

Comparison of metabolic syndrome among Hui and Han ethnicity children

WU Wanjun, ZHAO Rui, WU Wenjun, TIAN Yanjun, LIU Ying, ZHAO Haiping

2016, 37(6): 870-873,877. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.018

Abstract(324) PDF(9)

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Objective To provide basic data on metabolic syndrome (MS) prevention among minority children,this study was designed to compare MS epidemiology in Hui and Han ethnicity children.Methods Three elementary,middle and high schools were randomly selected from Yinchuan and Wuzhong.A total of 2 365 students aged 7 and 18 years old were selected.With informed consent,physical and biochemical examination was carried out.Results MS detection rate of 2.6%,with no significant difference in Han (3.0%) and Hui (1.8%) ethnicity children.Rate of abdominal obesity,high blood pressure,high blood sugar,high TG and low HDL-C was 12.6%,9.0%,0.7%,7.9% and 30.9%,respectively.Children of Hui ethinicty had higher prevalence on high blood pressure and lower prevalence on high HDL-C,compared with children with Han ethnicity.Children of Hui had lower level of HDL-C compared with Han children with same gender (P<0.01).Hui boys had higher TG levels than Han boys (P<0.01).In regard to MS components and MS detection rate,the difference was statistically significant,with Hui higher than Han(P<0.05).Detection rate of MS and its components increased with age.Conclusion The detection rate of MS and its components is relatively high among children of Hui and Han ethnicity,specific strategies should be developed accordingly.

Intervention study of positive psychological group counseling on college students' depressive symptoms

CHEN Xu, GUO Siping

2016, 37(6): 874-877. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.019

Abstract(335) PDF(7)

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Objective To investigate the effect of group psychological counseling based on the theory of positive psychology on college Students' depressive symptoms,thus to provide reference for the positive psychological group counseling in universities.Methods 56 students out of 1 870 college students from a university in Jiangxi Province was found SCL depression factor greater than 3 screening criteria,and may have depressive symptoms.Group counseling intervention,experimental group and control experimental Design group was used before and after the test.Track testing,integrated happiness questionnaire (MHQ),self-Rating depression scale (SDS),psychological resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were adopted as assessment tools.And the final completion of all experiments content of 45 students.Results Group counseling intervention,compared with the control group,the experimental group multiple factor comprehensive well-being (life satisfaction,positive affect,self-worth,friendly relations,happy experience)significantly increased,life satisfaction factor improved 0.22,positive emotion increased by 3.86,self value increased by 0.40,the friendly relationship improved 1.59,happy experience improved 1.34,negative emotion factor of 9.91 from the previous survey dropped to 9.68,depressed level of(59.91±2.35) fell by a pretest to post-test of(53.36±2.84),the level of resilience increased by 2.28,and reached a significant level;Tracking assessment results show that after six months of group counseling,the effect is still there.Conclusion Group counseling based on positive psychology theory can improve their mental health of college students with depression and improve their level of resilience and well-being.

Meta-analysis on non-suicidal self-injury among college students in China

2016, 37(6): 878-881. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.020

Abstract(457) PDF(17)

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Objective To systematically review the epidemiology and distribution characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among undergraduates in China.Methods PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases was used to collect studies related to NSSI among college students in China from January 1989 to August 2015.Two reviewers screened literature,extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies,and then meta-analysis was performed by using CMA 2 software.Results A total of 23 studies were included,with 73 677 individuals.The report rate of NSSI was 16.6% [95%CI(10.7%-24.7%)].Subgroup analysis showed that the report rate of NSSI among male college students in China (16.2%) was lower than that of female (17.8%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Report rate of NSSI among college students in the eastern,central and western regions in China was 21.9%,23.0% and 2.1%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).Sensitivity analysis detected that the quality of the literature had a little effect on the results.Conclusion The detection rate of non-suicidal self-injury among college students in China was higher with significant gender and regional characteristics.

Quality evaluation of pit and fissure sealants program of the first permanent molar for children age from 7-9 years of Suzhou

PAN Hao, ZHOU Weihua, ZHU Ye

2016, 37(6): 882-884. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.021

Abstract(269) PDF(8)

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Objective To survey the effect of pit and fissure sealants program sponsored by the government for children age from 7-9 years of Suzhou city one year ago,and to investigate the factors influencing the effect of project,then provide reasonable suggestions for subsequent work.Methods Cluster sampling 20 primary schools in 2014,review the sealants retention of the teeth of the children received pit and fissure sealants in 2013.Based on the results,the effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants as a government-sponsored public health program was evaluated.Results The retention rate of sealants was 71.1%.The sealants retention rate of teeth which had suspicious caries (68.58%) or deep and narrow grooved chewing teeth(69.89%) was lower than that of the teeth which had average nest deep groove(71.98%).The retention rates of different schools had significant difference(P<0.05).The retention rates was no statistically significant difference between the Maxillary molars and Mandibular molars(P>0.05).Conclusion The retention rate of sealants after one year is not high,reasonable organization and management are important factors influencing the effect of program,in addition to the material properties,the clinical operation and the selection of indications.The effect of the program should to be improved from several aspects.

Dental caries in urban and rural primary and middle school students in Anhui province during 2005-2014

2016, 37(6): 885-887,892. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.022

Abstract(244) PDF(4)

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Objective To determine the prevalence and trends of dental caries among primary and middle school students in Anhui province,and to compare possible differences between urban and rural areas during 2005-2014.Methods Data of 8 582 Han primary and secondary school students aged 7,9,12 and 14 years came from Arnhui Provincial Constitution and Health Survey in 2005,2010 and 2014.DMF rate was analyzed to determine prevalence of dental caries and caries loss supplement changes.Differences between groups were significant usingX2 test.Results In 2014,total caries prevalence was 50.8%.Prevalence rate of decayed,missing and filled deciduous teeth was 78.2%,16.8% and 5.0% respectively.Total prevalence rate of deciduous caries showed significant differences in urban and rural areas (X2 =24.635,P<0.01).In the year of 2005,2010 and 2014,dmf rates were 36.5%,48.1% and 0.8%,respectively,with rural boys and girls showed increasing trend(X2=25.079,20.673,respectively,both P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of dental caries among primary and middle school students is high in Anhui province.School,family and the relevant departments should pay attention to oral health.

Dental caries among 6-to 12-year-old Hui and Han students in Ningxia southern mountainous area

FAN Ruibin, JING Jun, XI Tao, WANG Shengchao

2016, 37(6): 888-892. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.023

Abstract(284) PDF(6)

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Objective To investigate dental caries among 6-to 12-year-old Hui and Han students in Ningxia southern mountainous area.Methods Dental caries was assessed among 2 907 students aged from 6 to 12 years from 12 primary schools of Ningxia southern mountainous area by using the stratified,cluster sampling.Results The prevalence rate of caries was 60.7%,and the DMFT/dmft was(1.76±2.08).The filled rate of the total caries was 2.7%;prevalence rate of the first molars caries was 26.8% and the DMFT was(0.45±0.86).The filled rate of the caries was 2.4% in the first molars,and the rate of pit and fissure was 6.7%;the prevalence rate of deciduous tooth caries was 47% and the dmft was(1.31±1.87),and the filled rate of the caries was 1.3% in deciduous tooth.There were significant difference on caries status between nationality and age and region(P<0.01),but no significant difference between gender(P>0.05).The rate of pit and fissure in the first permanent molar was 10.2% among students in the urban school,while no students with was found having dental sealant in the rural school.Conclusion Dental caries among 6-to 12-year-old Hui and Han students in Ningxia southern mountainous area was high.Rate of fissure sealants on permanent first molars is still low,especially in rural area.

Influencing factors of urinalysis among 0-6 years old children

LI Yanfen, HU Xiaoqin, QIU Hao, WEI Zhimiao, WANG Bo, ZHANG Jian, PEI Hongbo

2016, 37(6): 893-896,899. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.024

Abstract(265) PDF(4)

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Objective To explore the influencing factors of abnormal results in term of urine experimental detection indexes among 0-6 years old children,to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of chronic kidney diseases.Methods Children who provided urine samples were sampled by cluster sampling from 10 childcare facilities in Chenguan district in Lanzhou city in 2014.The association were analyzed among Urinalysis,physical examination and questionnaire survey were conducted,the effects of children' own physics,diet,environmental exposure factors,and disease histories of parents on abnormal situation of urine.Results 1 019 Urine samples were tested,which came from 582 boys(57.11%)and 437 girls(42.89%),the first five abnormal results of urinalysis included positive urine vitamin C 421 cases (41.32%),75 cases (7.36%) of positive urine leucocyte,67 cases (6.58%) of positive urobilinogen,61 cases (5.99%) of,positive urine ketonebod 56 cases (5.50%) of hematuria.The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the intake of leaded food resulted in an increased positive rate of hematuria (OR=5.04,95%CI=1.26-20.25),the positive rate of urine leucocyte of boys is lower than that of girls(OR =0.10,CI=0.05-0.22);positive rate of urine vitamin C was lower in <1 years old group than that in 4-6 years old group (OR=0.16,95%CI=0.06-0.42),positive rate of urine vitamin C was lower in 2-3years old group than that in 4-6 years old group(OR=0.70,95%CI=0.54-0.91),positive rate of urine vitamin C of children whose parents were with some kidney disease was higher than children whose parents were without any kidney disease(OR=2.50,95%CI=1.58-3.97),positive rate of urine ketone body was higher in boys than that in girls (OR=2.72,95%CI=1.40-5.29),the higher positive rate of urine ketone body is associated with the higher BMI (OR =1.09,95%CI=1.01-1.17).No influential factors were found for the positive rate of urobilinogen.Conclusion The physical condition,diet and family history of kidney disease of children will lead to the abnormal urine.Children should try to avoid leaded food intake,susceptibility of urinary system of girls should be paid more attention to,reasonable intake of nutrients and appropriate weight should be advocated,actively screening urine should be conducted among children with family history of kidney disease especially.

Epidemiological investigation on an eye irritation outbreak in one primary school in Shenzhen City

PENG Xiaoxue, ZHONG Jianming

2016, 37(6): 897-899. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.025

Abstract(266) PDF(3)

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Objective To conduct epidemiological investigation and analysis on an eye irritation outbreak in one primary school.Methods The field epidemiology survey and etiology infer principles were adopted in this study.Results A total of 108 cases whose eyes were pain or itchy were found in this incident,the attack rate was 33.5%(108/322).The peak incidence was between 10:00-11:00,all the cases were first grader students and attack rate was 33.5%(108/322),which had statistical differences (X2 =57.07,P=0.00).Insecticidal measures carried two days before the incident was the cause of the incident.After the evacuation of personal' s from the classrooms and cleaning the classrooms thoroughly,the incident was terminated rapidly.Conclusion The event is a group irritation event caused by insecticide residues.

The periodic regularities on efficacy of preventive disinfection in kindergartens in Beijing

GE Junqi, ZHANG Hongjiang, WANG Huiping, TANG Chengjun, ZHANG Zheng

2016, 37(6): 900-902,906. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.026

Abstract(247) PDF(5)

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Objective To explore periodic regularities on efficacy of preventive disinfection in kindergartens,and to provide a scientific basis for health management in kindergartens.Methods Monitoring data on preventive disinfection in kindergartens from 2007 to 2014 were collected by Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention and were analyzed to explore the differences of disinfection efficacy of routine monitoring item (such as small towels,toys) between various time intervals (week,season,warmed period and non-warmed period) by chi-square test or exact probability method.Results The qualified rates of disinfection of taps in Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday and Thursday were 68.93%,78.26%,85.81% and 83.65%,respectively,with statistical difference(X2 =12.18,P=0.007).The qualified rates of disinfection of small towels in winter,spring,summer and autumn were 98.28%,100%,96.53% and 93.26%,respectively,with statistical difference(P =0.004);the qualified rates of disinfection of toys in winter,spring,summer and autumn were 99.33%,98.67%,90.82% and 98.18%,respectively,with significant difference(X2=32.21,P<0.01);the qualified rates of disinfection of taps in winter,spring,summer and autumn were 79.57%,89.74%,72.58% and 78.32%,respectively,with statistical difference(X2=11.41,P=0.010);the qualified rates of disinfection of desks in winter,spring,summer and autumn were 97.50%,95.38%,82.93% and 97.67%,with statistical difference(P=0.003).The qualified rate was lowest in summer compared with other seasons for small towels,toys and desks,while was lowest in autumn for taps.The qualified rates of disinfection of small towels in warmed period (96.21%) was lower than non-warmed period(100%) (P=0.030),and the qualified rates of disinfection of small toys in warmed period (95.44%) was statistical lower than 99.30% in non-warmed period(X2=4.68,P=0.030).Conclusion There are periodic regularities of efficacy of preventive disinfection in kindergartens due to the complicated factors.Specific strategies and measures should be taken to improve the preventive disinfection for kindergartens.

Effectiveness of dust-free writing board in middle and primary schools in Shanghai

PU Zhenmei, XIE Jingbo, YOU Xiaofang, XU Xiaoli, TAN Hui

2016, 37(6): 903-906. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.027

Abstract(282) PDF(4)

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Objective To investigate the influence of dust-free teaching aids on teaching procedure and teachers' health in middle and primary schools in Shanghai.Methods Survey was conducted in Xuhui,Changning,Putuo and Yangpu district.Faceto-face interviews were completed for 590 teachers from 11 schools with dust-free teaching aids and 234 teachers from 4 schools with traditional teaching aids.Effectiveness of each type of teaching resources was analyzed.Results Writing behavior of teachers was not differ in two groups of teaching resources(P>0.05).Totally,about 52.7%,51.6% and 59.7% of teachers believed that dust-free teaching aids was better in writing,cleanness and convenience than traditional teaching aids,respectively.However,34.3% of teachers thought that maintenance of dust-free teaching aids was much more complicated than traditional ones.Compared with teachers using traditional teaching aids,teachers using dust-free teaching aids reported significantly less discomfort and 30-days irritation symptoms of upper respiratory tract (X2 =212.59,187.57,P<0.05).Among three types of dust-free teaching aids,white board was better than dust-free eraser.Conclusion Dust-free teaching aids should be promoted,as they are more beneficial for teaching and had minimum adverse effect on teachers' health compared with the traditional ones.

2016, 37(6): 907-909. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.028

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2016, 37(6): 909-912. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.029

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2016, 37(6): 913-915. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.030

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2016, 37(6): 915-917. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.031

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2016, 37(6): 918-920. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.032

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2016, 37(6): 921-923. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.033

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2016, 37(6): 924-926. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.034

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2016, 37(6): 927-929. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.035

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2016, 37(6): 930-932. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.036

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2016, 37(6): 933-935. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.037

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2016, 37(6): 935-938. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.038

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2016, 37(6): 939-941. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.039

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2016, 37(6): 941-943. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.040

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2016, 37(6): 944-947. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.041

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2016, 37(6): 947-949. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.042

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2016, 37(6): 950-951,957. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.043

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2016, 37(6): 952-957. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.044

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2016, 37(6): 958-960. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.06.045

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2016 Vol. 37, No. 6