Parents' awareness and willingness regarding human papillomavirus and vaccination for male primary and secondary school students in Bao'an District, Shenzhen
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摘要:
目的 探讨中小学男生家长对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)及疫苗相关的知识掌握情况、接种态度及意愿的影响因素，为制定针对性的健康教育策略和推动男生HPV疫苗普及提供科学依据。 方法 2025年3月3—14日，采取分层整群随机抽样方法选取深圳市宝安区912名中小学男生家长进行问卷调查，收集其人口学特征、HPV及疫苗相关知识、接种态度及意愿数据，单因素分析采用χ2检验或t检验，HPV疫苗接种意愿的相关因素分析采用二元Logistic回归模型。 结果 家长HPV及疫苗相关知识总知晓率为35.75%，其中男生接种疫苗类型(6.36%)、最佳接种年龄(21.16%)和最佳接种时期(31.25%)知晓率最低。家长HPV及疫苗相关知识得分为(4.31±2.66)分，态度得分为(3.82±0.63)分。64.25%的家长表示愿意为男生接种HPV疫苗。有接种意愿的家长HPV及疫苗相关知识、态度得分(4.86±2.55，4.02±0.58)均高于无接种意愿家长(3.34±2.57，3.46±0.55)，差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为8.59，13.96，P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果表明，未养育女儿的家长对男生HPV疫苗的接种意愿较低(OR=0.49，95%CI=0.35~0.70)；HPV及疫苗相关知识得分每提高1分，接种意愿增加9.0%(OR=1.09，95%CI=1.01~1.17)；担心男生有感染风险(OR=1.50，95%CI=1.08~2.08)及“即使孩子同学没有接种也会让孩子接种HPV疫苗”(OR=3.68，95%CI=2.73~4.94)的家长对男生HPV疫苗的接种意愿较高(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 深圳市宝安区中小学男生家长HPV及疫苗相关知识得分较低，虽然为男生接种HPV疫苗的意愿较高，但知识水平的不足可能制约接种意愿的持续提升与实际接种行为的转化。 Abstract:Objective To explore parents' knowledge, vaccination attitude, and willingness influencing factors of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccine for male primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted health education strategies and promoting the popularization of boys HPV vaccination. Methods From March 3 to 14, 2025, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 912 parents of boys in primary and secondary school in Bao'an District, Shenzhen for a questionnaire survey. Data on their demographic characteristics, HPV-related knowledge and its vaccine, vaccination attitude, and willingness were collected. Univariate analysis was performed by using the χ2 test or t-test, and binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of HPV vaccine vaccination willingness. Results The total awareness rate of parents' knowledge related to HPV and its vaccine was 35.75%, among which the awareness rates of boys vaccine types (6.36%), optimal age (21.16%), and optimal vaccination period (31.25%) were the lowest. The scores of parents' knowledge and attitude related to HPV and its vaccine were (4.31±2.66) and (3.82±0.63). About 64.25% of parents expressed willingness to have boys vaccinated against HPV. The scores of knowledge and attitude related to HPV and its vaccine of parents with vaccination willingness (4.86±2.55, 4.02±0.58) were higher than those of parents without vaccination willingness (3.34±2.57, 3.46±0.55), and the differences were statistically significant (t=8.59, 13.96, both P < 0.01). Logistic analysis showed that parents without raising daughters had a lower willingness to vaccinate boys against HPV (OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.35-0.70); for each 1 increase in parents' knowledge score related to HPV and its vaccine, the vaccination willingness increased by 9.0% (OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.01-1.17); parents who were worried about boys' infection risk (OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.08-2.08) and parents who had their children vaccinated against HPV even if their classmates were not vaccinated (OR=3.68, 95%CI=2.73-4.94) had higher willingness to vaccinate boys against HPV(all P < 0.05). Conclusions Parents of boys in primary and secondary schools of Bao'an District, Shenzhen have low scores of knowledge related to HPV and its vaccine.While parents show strong willingness to vaccinate boys against HPV, limited knowledge may hinder both the sustained growth of vaccination intentions and the actual implementation of vaccination practices. -
Key words:
- Legal guardians /
- Papillomaviridae /
- Vaccines /
- Cognition /
- Attitude /
- Regression analysis /
- Male
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。2) 陆芳芳与林明锋为共同第一作者。 -
表 1 深圳市宝安区中小学有无为孩子接种HPV疫苗意愿男生家长疫苗接种态度得分比较(x ± s)
Table 1. Comparison of attitudes towards of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children with HPV vaccine for male primary and secondary schools students in Bao'an District, Shenzhen (x ± s)
接种意愿 人数 担心男生有感染HPV风险 担心男生感染HPV可能会发展为严重疾病 接种HPV疫苗是保护男生健康的重要措施 接种HPV疫苗能降低男生HPV感染风险 担心HPV疫苗安全性和有效性 HPV疫苗价格昂贵 即使孩子同学没有接种也会让孩子接种HPV疫苗 态度得分 有 586 4.23±0.79 4.13±0.85 4.37±0.69 4.34±0.68 2.47±0.98 2.41±0.96 3.92±0.78 4.02±0.58 无 326 3.51±0.81 3.49±0.81 3.59±0.81 3.58±0.78 2.43±0.83 2.52±0.78 3.02±0.71 3.46±0.55 总体 912 3.97±0.87 3.90±0.89 4.09±0.82 4.07±0.81 2.46±0.93 2.45±0.91 3.60±0.87 3.82±0.63 t值 13.15 11.16 15.33 15.41 0.72 -1.72 17.15 13.96 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.47 0.09 < 0.01 < 0.01 
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表 2 深圳市宝安区中小学男生家长为孩子接种HPV疫苗意愿单因素分析
Table 2. Univariate analysis of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children with HPV vaccine for male primary and secondary schools students from Bao'an District, Shenzhen
组别 人数 接种意愿 χ2值 P值 家长性别 男 445 288(64.72) 0.08 0.78 女 467 298(63.81) 家长年龄/岁 ≤30 94 72(76.60) 7.72 0.10 31~35 132 80(60.61) 36~40 285 182(63.86) 41~45 300 191(63.67) >45 101 61(60.40) 家长是否养育女儿 是 440 311(70.68) 15.29 < 0.01 否 472 275(58.26) 家长学历 初中及以下 189 126(66.67) 2.30 0.68 高中/中专 256 159(62.11) 大专 252 164(65.08) 本科 205 129(62.93) 硕士及以上 10 8(80.00) 家长职业 工人 290 194(66.90) 15.27 < 0.01 企事业单位人员 141 103(73.05) 个体户/自由职业 340 216(63.53) 其他 141 73(51.77) 家庭年收入/万元 < 10 342 196(57.31) 13.76 0.01 10~ < 20 324 220(67.90) 20~ < 50 170 113(66.47) 50~ < 100 59 43(72.88) ≥100 17 14(82.35) 母亲HPV疫苗接种情况 已接种 306 213(69.61) 6.74 0.03 未接种 508 317(62.40) 不清楚 98 56(57.14) 男生性教育情况 会 524 359(68.51) 10.37 0.01 不会 156 95(60.90) 不确定 232 132(56.90) 注：()内数字为报告率/%。
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表 3 深圳市宝安区中小学男生家长为孩子接种HPV疫苗意愿的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=912)
Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children with HPV vaccine for male primary and secondary school students from Bao'an District, Shenzhen (n=912)
变量 选项 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(95%CI) 是否养育女儿 是 1.00 否 -0.71 0.18 15.64 < 0.01 0.49(0.35~0.70) 家长职业 工人 1.00 企事业单位人员 0.40 0.27 2.25 0.13 1.50(0.88~2.53) 个体户/自由职业 0.61 0.31 3.83 0.05 1.85(1.00~3.41) 其他 0.42 0.25 2.67 0.10 1.52(0.92~2.49) 家庭年收入/万元 < 10 1.00 10~ < 20 0.36 0.20 3.20 0.07 1.44(0.97~2.14) 20~ < 50 0.24 0.26 0.87 0.35 1.27(0.77~2.10) 50~ < 100 0.65 0.40 2.61 0.11 1.92(0.87~4.23) ≥100 1.24 0.86 2.10 0.15 3.46(0.65~18.50) 母亲HPV疫苗接种情况 已接种 1.00 未接种 -0.03 0.19 0.02 0.89 0.97(0.67~1.42) 不清楚 -0.02 0.31 0.01 0.94 0.98(0.53~1.79) 男生性教育情况 会 1.00 不会 0.08 0.24 0.12 0.73 1.09(0.67~1.75) 不确定 -0.06 0.20 0.09 0.76 0.94(0.63~1.40) HPV及疫苗相关知识 0.09 0.04 5.36 0.02 1.09(1.01~1.17) 担心男生有感染HPV风险 0.41 0.17 5.97 0.02 1.50(1.08~2.08) 担心男生感染HPV可能会发展为严重疾病 -0.33 0.17 3.81 0.05 0.72(0.51~1.00) 接种HPV疫苗是保护男生健康的重要措施 0.42 0.23 3.36 0.07 1.52(0.97~2.38) 接种HPV疫苗能降低男生HPV感染风险 0.19 0.24 0.65 0.42 1.21(0.76~1.92) 即使孩子同学没有接种也会让孩子接种HPV疫苗 1.30 0.15 73.95 < 0.01 3.68(2.73~4.94)
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