家庭经济条件和亲子关系与青少年抑郁症状的关系

廖晓婷; 黄炯丽; 邹增丽; 李忠友; 李海

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025255

家庭经济条件和亲子关系与青少年抑郁症状的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025255

广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院，南宁 530200

基金项目:

广西中医药大学高层次公共卫生人才培育创新团队资助项目 2022A009

广西中医药大学桂派杏林拔尖人才项目 2022C010

广西中医药大学校级教育教学改革与研究项目 2023B033

广西中医药大学校级教育教学改革与研究项目 2024C020

详细信息

作者简介:
廖晓婷(2002-)，女，广西南宁人，在读本科

通讯作者:
李忠友，E-mail：lzy303@126.com

李海，E-mail：34257040@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G78 B844.2 R179
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- 文章访问数: 20
- HTML全文浏览量: 11
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-26
- 修回日期: 2025-07-31
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-25

Association of family economic status and parent-child relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents

School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析家庭经济条件与青少年抑郁症状的关系，探讨同伴关系与自我满意度的链式中介作用及亲子关系的调节效应，为青少年抑郁症状防控提供参考依据。方法数据来源于“国家人口健康科学数据中心”中的青少年健康主题数据库，共纳入11 277个样本，采用问卷调查法获取家庭经济条件、同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系和抑郁症状等信息。使用Spearman相关分析各变量间相关性，采用分层线性回归分析家庭经济条件和亲子关系对抑郁症状得分的影响，采用Process宏程序检验同伴关系和自我满意度在两者间的链式中介效应和亲子关系的调节效应。结果青少年抑郁症状检出率为24.2%。不同家庭经济条件和居住地的青少年抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为210.12，4.18，P值均＜0.05)；有抑郁症状的青少年同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系得分均低于无抑郁症状青少年(t值分别为27.76，42.43，31.12，P值均＜0.05)。家庭经济条件与青少年抑郁症状得分呈负相关(B=-0.12)，亲子关系与抑郁症状得分呈负相关(B=-0.02)，引入亲子关系后家庭经济条件负向效应削减(B=-0.08)(P值均＜0.01)。家庭经济条件通过同伴关系(B=2.07)和自我满意度(B=3.88)的链式中介路径对抑郁症状产生影响；亲子关系调节此路径，高质量亲子关系时家庭经济条件对同伴关系的影响较弱(B=0.15)，低质量亲子关系增强家庭经济条件对同伴关系的正向效应(B=1.15)(P值均＜0.01)。结论家庭经济条件对青少年抑郁症状存在直接效应和链式中介效应，高质量亲子关系可起到保护性调节作用。对经济困难家庭更需通过协同提升亲子关系以降低青少年的抑郁症状风险。
- 亲子关系 /
- 经济状况 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To analyse the influence path of family economic status on adolescent depressive symptoms, and to explore the chained mediation role of peer relationship and self-satisfaction, as well as the moderating effect of the parent-child relationship, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of adolescent depressive symptoms. Methods Data were obtained from the Database of Youth Health (DYH) in the National Population Health Science Data Center, and a total of 11 277 samples were included. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on family economic status, peer relationship, self-satisfaction, parent-child relationship and depressive symptoms. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine correlations among variables. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to analyze effects of family economic status and parent-child relationship on depressive symptom scores. The Process macro program was adopted to test the chained mediating effects of peer relationship and self-satisfaction and the moderating effect of parent-child relationship. Results The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms among adolescents was 24.2%. The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms significantly differed among adolescents with different family economic status and places of residence(χ²=210.12, 4.18, both P < 0.05). Adolescents with depressive symptoms had significantly lower scores on peer relationship, self-satisfaction, and parent-child relationship compared to those without depressive symptoms (t=27.76, 42.43, 31.12, all P < 0.05). Family economic status were negatively correlated with adolescent depressive symptom scores (B=-0.12, P < 0.05).Parent-child relationship was negatively correlated with depressive symptom scores (B=-0.02, P < 0.05). After introducing the parent-child relationship, the negative effect of family economic conditions was reduced (B=-0.08, P < 0.01). Family economic conditions affected depressive symptoms through the chained mediating pathway involving peer relationship (B=2.07) and self-satisfaction (B=3.88)(both P < 0.05). The parent-child relationship moderated this pathway: under conditions of high-quality parent-child relationship, the effect of family economic status on peer relationships was weaker (B=0.15); under low-quality parent-child relationship, the positive effect of family economic status on peer relationships was enhanced (B=1.15) (both P < 0.01). Conclusions Family economic status exert both direct and chain-mediating effects on adolescent depression, and high-quality parent-child relationship can play a protective moderation role. For economically disadvantaged families, it is critical to synergistically enhance parent-child relationship and social support in order to reduce depression risk among adolescents.
- Parent-child relations /
- Economic status /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
注释:

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表 1 不同人口学特征青少年抑郁症状检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of depression symptom detection rates in adolescents with different demographic characteristics

人口学指标	选项	人数	抑郁症状人数	χ²值	P值
家庭经济条件	差	386	173(44.8)	210.12	＜0.01
	较差	1 489	497(33.4)
	一般	8 529	1 835(21.5)
	较好	685	153(22.3)
	好	188	70(37.2)
性别	男	5 420	1 275(23.5)	2.53	0.11
	女	5 857	1 453(24.8)
居住地	城镇	7 580	1 790(23.6)	4.18	0.04
	农村	3 697	938(25.4)
民族	汉族	11 086	2 617(24.1)	3.39	0.07
	其他民族	191	57(29.8)
是否寄宿	是	8 333	2 048(24.6)	2.60	0.11
	否	2 944	680(23.1)
注：( )内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 青少年家庭经济条件、抑郁症状与生活质量相关分析(r值，n=112 77)

Table 2. Correlations among family economic status, depressive symptoms and quality of life in adolescents(r, n=11 277)

变量	家庭经济条件	抑郁症状	同伴关系	自我满意度
抑郁症状	-0.12
同伴关系	0.09	-0.30
自我满意度	0.16	-0.49	0.58
亲子关系	0.09	-0.32	0.53	0.52
注： P值均＜0.01。

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表 3 青少年同伴关系和自我满意度在家庭经济条件对抑郁症状影响中的中介效应(n=11 277)

Table 3. Mediating effects of peer relationship and self-satisfaction between family economy status and depressive symptoms in adolescents(n=11 277)

路径	效应值(95%CI)	标准误	占总效应比值/%
家庭经济条件→抑郁症状	-0.04(-0.06~-0.02)	0.01	0.29
家庭经济条件→同伴关系→抑郁症状	-0.01(-0.01~-0.00)	0.00	4.51
家庭经济条件→自我满意度→抑郁症状	-0.05(-0.06~-0.04)	0.00	37.07
家庭经济条件→同伴关系→自我满意度→抑郁症状	-0.04(-0.05~-0.03)	0.01	29.82
总间接效应	-0.09(-0.10~-0.08)	0.01	71.39
总效应	-0.12(-0.15~-0.10)	0.01

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表 4 青少年亲子关系在家庭经济条件和同伴关系间的调节作用(n=11 277)

Table 4. Moderating effects of parent-child relationship and family economic status on peer relationships(n=11 277)

预测变量	同伴关系			自我满意度			抑郁症状
预测变量	B值	标准误	t值	B值	标准误	t值	B值	标准误	t值
性别	-2.25	0.17	-13.63^**	-2.11	0.37	-5.76^**	0.04	0.01	3.23^**
年龄	1.03	0.03	11.85^**	-1.24	0.20	-6.29^**	0.01	0.01	1.62
居住地	2.14	0.18	11.63^**	-5.37	0.42	-12.88^**	0.01	0.01	0.84
是否寄宿	1.01	0.19	5.19^**	-5.57	0.44	-1.29	0.02	0.01	1.17
家庭经济条件	0.74	0.14	5.37^**	3.88	0.30	12.85^**	-0.04	0.01	-3.60^**
同伴关系				1.51	0.02	85.54^**	-0.00	0.00	-3.66^**
自我满意度							-0.01	0.00	-38.79^**
亲子关系	0.60	0.01	70.93^**
家庭经济条件×亲子关系	-0.05	0.01	-4.75^**
R²值	0.35			0.42			0.21
F值	847.39^**			1 339.47^**			429.74^**
注： ^** P＜0.01。

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