Association of balanced time perspective and social jetlag with depressive symptom among junior high school students
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摘要:
目的 探究平衡时间洞察力在初中生社会时差与抑郁症状之间的中介作用,为改善青少年的心理健康状况提供依据。 方法 2024年10月,采用方便抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法抽取重庆市渝北区、开州区2个区3 438名初中生为研究对象,使用流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)、慕尼黑睡眠时型问卷(MCTQ)、平衡时间洞察力量表(BTPI)进行问卷调查。采用t检验、方差分析、Spearman相关分析对数据进行统计学分析,使用Process程序进行中介效应分析。 结果 初中生抑郁症状得分为15.00(9.00,23.00)分,社会时差为1.18(0.72,1.83)h,平衡时间洞察力得分为-0.18(-2.82,2.93)分。初中生社会时差与抑郁症状得分呈正相关(r=0.17),平衡时间洞察力得分与社会时差(r=-0.15)、抑郁症状得分(r=-0.68)均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.01)。中介分析显示,平衡时间洞察力在初中生社会时差与抑郁症状间起到部分中介作用(β=0.68,P < 0.01),中介效应占总效应的53.97%。 结论 初中生社会时差通过影响平衡时间洞察力进而影响其抑郁症状。应改善青少年的平衡时间洞察力,减少社会时差对抑郁症状的影响。 Abstract:Objective To explore the mediating role of balanced time perspective in the relationship between social jetlag and depressive symptom among junior high school students, so as to privide a basis for improving their mental health. Methods In October 2024, a method of combining convenient sampling with cluster sampling was used to select 3 438 junior high school students from two districts(Yubei District and Kaizhou District) in Chongqing. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), and Balanced Time Perspective Inventory (BTPI) were administered for the survey. Statistical analyses included t-test, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis, and conduct a mediation effect analysis using the Process program. Results The mean score of depressive symptom among junior high school students was 15.00(9.00, 23.00), social jetlag was 1.18(0.72, 1.83) hours, and balanced time perspective score was -0.18(-2.82, 2.93). Social jetlag among junior high school students was positively correlated with depressive symptom score (r=0.17), while balanced time perspective was negatively correlated with social jetlag (r=-0.15) and depressive symptom score (r=-0.68) (all P < 0.01). Mediation analysis showed that balanced time perspective partially mediated the relationship between social jetlag and depressive symptom (β=0.68, P < 0.01) among junior high school students, accounting for 53.97% of the total effect. Conclusions Social jetlag of junior high school students influences depressive symptoms by affecting balanced time perspective. Efforts should be made to improve adolescents' balanced time perspective for reducing the impact of social jetlag on depressive symptom. -
Key words:
- Time /
- Circadian rhythm /
- Mental health /
- Depression /
- Students
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表 1 不同人口学特征初中生社会时差、平衡时间洞察力和抑郁症状得分比较[M(P25, P75)]
Table 1. Comparisons of social jetlag, balanced time perspective, and depressive symptom scores across different demographic characteristics of junior high school students[M(P25, P75)]
人口学指标 选项 人数 统计值 社会时差/h 平衡时间洞察力得分 抑郁症状得分 人口学指标 选项 人数 统计值 社会时差/h 平衡时间洞察力得分 抑郁症状得分 性别 男 1 828 1.12(0.63,1.75) 0.20(-2.55,3.26) 13.00(9.00,20.00) 家庭类型* 核心家庭 732 1.25(0.75,1.83) -0.16(-2.77,3.16) 14.00(9.00,22.00) 女 1 610 1.25(0.77,1.83) -0.56(-3.07,2.53) 17.00(10.00,25.00) 大家庭 1 980 1.17(0.67,1.75) 0.43(-2.58,3.26) 14.00(9.00,22.00) U值 17.93 19.46 79.86 重组家庭 195 1.41(0.77,2.00) -1.06(-3.86,1.63) 17.00(11.00,27.00) P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 单亲家庭 380 1.25(0.83,1.92) -1.26(-3.83,1.41) 17.00(10.00,27.00) 独生子女 是 463 1.33(0.75,2.08) -0.43(-3.46,2.82) 16.00(9.00,25.00) 其他 151 1.19(0.54,1.87) -0.60(-2.53,1.62) 17.00(11.00,23.00) 否 2 975 1.17(0.70,1.78) -0.15(-2.71,2.94) 15.00(9.00,23.00) H值 15.14 55.91 38.94 U值 11.92 4.24 2.07 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 P值 < 0.01 0.04 0.15 父亲受教育程度 初中及以下 2 131 1.20(0.75,1.83) -0.28(-2.85,2.83) 15.00(9.00,24.00) 是否住校 是 257 1.25(0.67,2.00) -0.81(-3.67,1.99) 15.00(9.00,24.00) 高中及以上 795 1.17(0.65,1.77) 0.37(-2.49,3.62) 14.00(9.00,21.00) 否 3 181 1.17(0.71,1.80) -0.15(-2.74,2.99) 15.00(9.00,23.00) 不清楚 512 1.25(0.72,1.83) -0.72(-3.00,2.33) 15.00(10.00,23.00) U值 1.93 5.63 0.08 H值 3.48 15.98 13.78 P值 0.16 0.02 0.78 P值 0.18 < 0.01 < 0.01 年级 初一 1 170 1.20(0.75,1.75) 0.31(-2.47,3.29) 14.00(9.00,20.75) 母亲受教育程度 初中及以下 2 238 1.17(0.70,1.75) -0.16(-2.84,2.99) 15.00(9.00,23.00) 初二 1 108 1.20(0.75,1.83) -0.21(-2.94,3.18) 16.00(9.00,24.00) 高中及以上 637 1.25(0.70,1.87) 0.24(-2.36,3.31) 14.00(9.00,22.00) 初三 1 160 1.17(0.63,1.83) -0.54(-3.05,2.43) 16.00(10.00,24.00) 不清楚 563 1.25(0.73,1.92) -0.66(-3.10,2.38) 15.00(10.00,23.00) H值 2.83 19.20 29.45 H值 8.66 10.41 5.72 P值 0.24 < 0.01 < 0.01 P值 0.01 0.01 0.06 家庭居住地 农村 595 1.14(0.67,1.76) -0.17(-2.87,2.87) 15.00(9.00,23.00) 家庭经济条件 好 512 1.33(0.75,2.00) 1.03(-2.31,4.38) 12.00(8.00,20.00) 乡镇 2 374 1.17(0.71,1.75) -0.10(-2.71,2.99) 15.00(9.00,23.00) 中等 2 547 1.17(0.72,1.75) -0.08(-2.67,2.83) 15.00(9.00,23.00) 城市 469 1.46(0.83,2.17) -0.40(-3.29,2.72) 15.00(9.00,22.00) 差 379 1.25(0.67,1.92) -1.72(-4.38,1.13) 20.00(13.00,29.00) H值 2.53 3.45 0.65 H值 6.82 81.92 103.62 P值 < 0.01 0.18 0.72 P值 0.03 < 0.01 < 0.01 注:*核心家庭为父母与未婚子女组成,大家庭为祖父母、父母与子女等三代及以上组成,重组家庭为父母一方或双方再婚组成,单亲家庭为仅由父亲或母亲一方与子女组成,其他为上述类型以外的家庭结构。 表 2 初中生平衡时间洞察力及各维度与社会时差、抑郁症状的相关矩阵(r值,n=3 438)
Table 2. Correlation matrix of balanced time perspective and its dimensions with social jetlag and depressive symptoms of junior high school students(r, n=3 438)
变量 过去积极 过去消极 现在投入 未来积极 未来消极 过度未来 现在享乐 平衡时间洞察力 社会时差 过去消极 -0.27** 现在投入 0.48** -0.22** 未来积极 0.47** -0.31** 0.59** 未来消极 -0.33** 0.51** -0.42** -0.53** 过度未来 -0.18** 0.44** -0.22** -0.27** 0.52** 现在享乐 0.02 0.16** -0.01 0.00 0.22** 0.14** 平衡时间洞察力 0.64** -0.62** 0.68** 0.75** -0.73** -0.59** 0.09** 社会时差 -0.08** 0.13** -0.14** -0.14** 0.14** 0.05** 0.10** -0.15** 抑郁症状 -0.37** 0.59** -0.43** -0.52** 0.57** 0.47** 0.14** -0.68** 0.17** 注:**P < 0.01。 -
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