运动结合饮食干预对肥胖女大学生血管内皮功能及铁死亡的影响

杨梅; 陈安平; 王晶晶; 苏晓云

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025235

运动结合饮食干预对肥胖女大学生血管内皮功能及铁死亡的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025235

1.
山西大学体育学院，太原 030006
2.
山西医科大学汾阳学院护理学系

基金项目:

2021年山西省研究生教育改革研究课题 2021YJJG001

详细信息

作者简介:
杨梅(1980-)，女，河北吴桥人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为体育教育、运动与健康

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 R723.14
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-11
- 修回日期: 2025-04-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-25

Effects of exercise combined with dietary intervention on vascular endothelial function and ferroptosis in obese female university students

1.
Department of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的比较最大脂肪氧化(FATmax)强度有氧运动、FATmax强度运动结合抗阻训练(RT)和饮食限制对肥胖女大学生身体成分及血管内皮功能和铁死亡的影响，为探讨运动改善血管内皮功能的机制提供参考。方法 2024年2—5月，从山西大学招募70名符合标准的肥胖女大学生随机分成对照组(n=24)、FATmax组(n=24)及FATmax+RT组(n=22)。2024年3月4日至5月26日，对照组维持正常的生活习惯，FATmax组进行每周3次、60 min/次的FATmax强度有氧运动，FATmax+RT组进行每周3次FATmax强度有氧结合抗阻运动(有氧运动和抗阻运动强度均维持在FATmax)；3组受试者均进行饮食限制，每日饮食摄入的能量依据静息能耗确定。分别于试验前、后测试3组受试者身体成分、血管内皮功能及铁死亡指标，组间比较采用t检验和单因素方差分析。结果不同方式干预12周后，3组肥胖女大学生体重、体质量指数(BMI)、体脂肪量、腰臀比及肌肉质量差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为10.93，5.88，65.28，21.14，2.25，P值均 < 0.05)。与对照组比较，FATmax组及FATmax+RT组肥胖女大学生体重、BMI、体脂肪量及腰臀比均下降；且FATmax+RT组体脂肪量及腰臀比低于FATmax组、肌肉质量高于FATmax组及对照组(P值均 < 0.05)。不同方式干预12周后，3组肥胖女大学生血清一氧化氮(NO)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、血清铁蛋白水平及内皮依赖性血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD)差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为9.14，9.67，4.78，135.70，P值均 < 0.05)。与对照组比较，FATmax组及FATmax+RT组肥胖女大学生血清NO、GSH水平及FMD均增加，血清铁蛋白水平下降；与FATmax组比较，FATmax+RT组血清GSH及FMD增加、血清铁蛋白水平下降(P值均 < 0.05)。结论基于FATmax设计的有氧运动结合抗阻训练与单纯有氧运动的2种运动干预方案，联合饮食限制均能改善肥胖女大学生身体成分和血管内皮功能及抑制铁死亡的发生，其中FATmax强度有氧运动结合抗阻训练效果更加显著。
- 运动活动 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 血管 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To compare the effects of aerobic exercise at maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) and FATmax intensity exercise combined with resistance training (RT), and dietary restriction on the body composition, vascular endothelial function and ferroptosis in obese female university students, so as to provide a reference for exploring the mechanisms by which exercise improves vascular endothelial function. Methods From February to May 2024, 70 obese female university students were recruited from Shanxi University and randomly divided into control group (n=24), FATmax group (n=24) and FATmax+RT group (n=22). From March 4 to May 26, 2024 control group maintained their normal living habits, FATmax group performed aerobic exercise at FATmax intensity three times per week for 60 minutes per session; FATmax +RT group performed combined aerobic and resistance exercise at FATmax intensity three times per week for 60 minutes per session. The daily dietary calorie intake for all groups was determined according to resting energy expenditure. Body composition, vascular endothelial function and ferroptosis were measured before and after the intervention. Results After 12 weeks of intervention, there were statistically significant differences in body mass, BMI, body fat, waist-hip ratio and muscle mass among the three groups (F=10.93, 5.88, 65.28, 21.14, 2.25, all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, participants in both the FATmax group and the FATmax+RT group showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat and waist-hip ratio (all P < 0.05). Body fat and waist-hip ratio in FATmax+RT group were lower than those in FATmax group, and muscle mass was higher than those in FATmax group and control group (both P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, significant differences were observed among the three groups in serum NO, GSH, serum ferritin levels and FMD (F=9.14, 9.67, 4.78, 135.70, all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum NO, GSH levels and FMD significantly increased, and the serum ferritin level decreased (all P < 0.05) of obese female university students in FATmax group and FATmax+RT group. Serum GSH level and FMD increased and serum ferritin level decreased in FATmax +RT group when compared with FATmax group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions With the same exercise training duration and frequency, FATmax intensity aerobic exercise, alone or combined with resistance and dietary restriction, can significantly improve the body composition, vascular endothelial function and inhibit ferroptosis of obese female university students. However, FATmax intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance training has more pronounced effects.
- Motor activity /
- Food habits /
- Intervention studies /
- Blood vessels /
- Students
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表 1 试验前后3组肥胖女大学生身体成分指标比较(x ±s)

Table 1. Comparison of body composition before and after experiment among the three groups of obese female university students(x ±s)

组别	干预前后	人数	统计值	体重/kg	BMI /(kg·m^-2)	体脂肪量/kg	腰臀比	肌肉质量/kg
对照组	干预前	24		76.69±4.70	29.17±0.99	30.09±1.71	0.92±0.03	45.89±3.58
	干预后	24		74.49±3.66	28.01±0.89	28.63±1.98	0.91±0.04	45.37±3.41
			t值	7.16	7.73	6.82	1.90	3.62
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.07	< 0.01
FATmax组	干预前	24		77.40±3.36	29.63±1.38	30.38±1.87	0.92±0.02	46.54±2.28
	干预后	24		71.05±2.92^##	27.21±1.35^#	24.14±1.99^##	0.87±0.03^##	46.05±2.59
			t值	10.19	10.35	14.26	10.65	2.06
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.05
FATmax+RT组	干预前	22		77.70±2.73	29.78±0.92	30.95±1.19	0.91±0.05	47.09±2.04
	干预后	22		70.28±3.21^##	26.93±1.06^##	22.82±1.40^##▼	0.84±0.04^##▼	47.73±2.29^##▼
			t值	16.16	16.58	20.86	6.55	-3.50
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：与干预后对照组比较，^#P < 0.05，^##P < 0.01；与干预后FATmax组比较，^▼P < 0.05。

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表 2 试验前后3组肥胖女大学生血管内皮功能及铁死亡指标比较(x ±s)

Table 2. Comparison of vascular endothelial function and ferroptosis before and after experiment among the three groups of obese female university students(x ±s)

组别	干预前后	人数	统计值	NO/ (μmol·L^-1)	ET-1/ (ng·L^-1)	FMD/%	GSH/ (μmol·L^-1)	GPX 4/ (ng·mL^-1)	血清铁蛋白/ (μg·L^-1)
对照组	干预前	24		38.79±4.12	58.29±10.12	8.02±0.45	114.67±12.36	72.75±11.89	112.38±14.21
	干预后	24		38.38±3.72	56.42±9.79	7.92±0.47	117.66±11.70	72.96±10.49	110.29±12.73
			t值	1.14	2.73	2.16	-3.16	-0.40	4.23
			P值	0.27	0.01	0.04	< 0.01	0.70	< 0.01
FATmax组	干预前	24		36.92±4.23	60.79±9.73	7.88±0.61	118.83±15.20	73.29±12.94	113.33±10.81
	干预后	24		42.04±3.10^##	53.75±8.87	10.90±1.08^##	124.54±11.66^#	74.87±10.90	107.96±8.60^#
			t值	-14.13	12.65	-15.61	-3.67	-2.61	6.15
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	< 0.01
FATmax+RT组	干预前	22		36.77±3.89	61.18±8.78	7.72±0.51	115.09±10.21	74.05±12.95	111.45±10.63
	干预后	22		42.64±4.25^##	53.23±7.79	12.96±1.41^##▼	131.05±6.38^#▼	79.32±10.14^#	101.09±9.41^##▼
			t值	-14.59	17.93	-19.96	-12.51	-6.18	17.44
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：与干预后对照组比较，^#P < 0.05，^##P < 0.01；与干预后FATmax组比较，^▼P < 0.05。

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