压力和心理韧性与中学生饮食行为的关系

俞晓艳; 陆唯怡; 杜兰朵朵; 朱静芬

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025232

压力和心理韧性与中学生饮食行为的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025232

上海交通大学公共卫生学院, 上海 200025

基金项目:

上海市公共卫生三年行动计划项目 GWV-10.1-XK15

上海市公共卫生三年行动计划项目 GWVI-11.1-44

详细信息

作者简介:
俞晓艳(1987-), 女, 上海市人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为慢性病预防与控制、青少年健康

通讯作者:
朱静芬, E-mail: zhujingfenjt@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 B844.2 R155.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-03
- 修回日期: 2025-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-25

Association of stress and psychological resilience with dietary behavior among middle school students

School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析压力和心理韧性与中学生饮食行为的关系, 为制定改善中学生饮食行为的政策措施提供参考依据。方法 2019年11月至2020年1月, 采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取8 874名上海市中学生进行问卷调查, 调查内容包括一般情况、饮食行为、压力知觉量表(PSS-10)和康纳-戴维森弹性量表(CD-RISC-10)。利用因子分析法分析饮食行为模式, 采用Logistic回归模型探讨压力水平和心理韧性与中学生饮食行为的关系, 并建立结构方程模型分析心理韧性在压力水平和饮食行为中的中介作用。结果中学生心理韧性总分为(27.99±9.83)分, 压力总分为(25.56±7.06)分。通过因子分析法将饮食行为模式分为高能饮食行为和均衡饮食行为两组, 高能饮食行为在不同性别和学段中分布差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为41.37, 204.03), 均衡饮食行为在不同学段和社会阶层中分布差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为130.23, 96.53)(P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归模型分析结果显示, 中、高压力水平的中学生高能饮食行为风险增加(OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.12~1.39;OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.39~1.79), 均衡饮食行为减少(OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.65~0.81;OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.47~0.60);高水平心理韧性的中学生高能饮食行为的风险降低(OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.65~0.83), 中、高水平心理韧性的中学生均衡饮食行为增加(OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.29~1.62;OR=2.50, 95%CI=2.21~2.84)(P值均 < 0.01)。心理韧性在中学生压力与高能饮食行为和均衡饮食行为中的中介效应分别占总效应的15.61%和56.10%。结论压力及心理韧性是中学生的饮食行为的相关因素, 心理韧性在压力与高能饮食行为和均衡饮食行为中存在部分中介作用。
- 压力 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To analyze the influence of stress and psychological resilience on the dietary behavior of middle school students so as to privide a basis for the development of policies and interventions aimed at improving middle school students dietary behavior. Methods A total of 8 874 middle school students in Shanghai were surveyed using stratified cluster random sampling method from November 2019 to January 2020. The questionnaire included general information, dietary behavior, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Factor analysis was used to analyze the dietary behavior model. Logistic regression model was used to explore the correlation between stress, psychological resilience and dietary behavior in adolescents. Besides, a structural equation model was established to analyze the mediating effect of psychological resilience on stress and dietary behavior. Results The total score of psychological resilience among middle school students was (27.99±9.83), and the total score of stress was (25.56±7.06). Factor analysis categorized dietary behavior into two types: the high-energy dietary behavior and balanced dietary behavior. High-energy dietary behavior exhibited statistically significant differences across genders and schooling stage (χ²=41.37, 204.03), while balanced dietary behavior showed statistically significant differences across schooling stage and socioeconomic status (χ²=130.23, 96.53) (all P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with moderate and high stress levels had an increased risks of high-energy dietary behavior (OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.12-1.39; OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.39-1.79) and a reduced likelihood of reduced balanced dietary behavior (OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.65-0.81; OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.47-0.60); adolescents with high levels of psychological resilience had a decreased risk of high-energy dietary behavior (OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.65-0.83), and those with moderate and high resilience levels showed improved balanced dietary behavior (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.29-1.62; OR=2.50, 95%CI=2.21-2.84) (all P < 0.01). The mediating effect of psychological resilience between stress and high-energy dietary behavior or balanced dietary behavior accounted for 15.61% and 56.10% of the total effects, respectively. Conclusions Stress and psychological resilience are the influencing factors of dietary behavior in middle school students. Psychological resilience have a partial mediating effect between stress and high-energy dietary behavior or balanced dietary behavior.
- Pressure /
- Mental health /
- Food habits /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同组别中学生饮食行为的分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of distribution characteristics of eating behaviors among middle school students in different groups

组别	选项	人数	高能饮食行为			均衡饮食行为
组别	选项	人数	低分组	高分组	χ²值	低分组	高分组	χ²值
性别	男	4 488	2 219(49.44)	2 269(50.56)	41.37^**	2 241(49.93)	2 247(50.07)	1.72
	女	4 386	1 870(42.64)	2 516(57.36)		2 129(48.54)	2 257(51.46)
学段	初中	5 842	3 010(51.52)	2 832(48.48)	204.03^**	2 622(44.88)	3 220(55.12)	130.23^**
	高中	3 032	1 079(35.59)	1 953(64.41)		1 748(57.65)	1 284(42.35)
社会阶层	低	2 696	1 281(47.51)	1 415(52.49)	5.29	1 492(55.34)	1 204(44.66)	96.53^**
	中	3 107	1 384(44.54)	1 723(55.46)		1 570(50.53)	1 537(49.47)
	高	3 071	1 424(46.37)	1 647(53.63)		1 308(42.59)	1 763(57.41)
心理韧性	低水平	3 174	1 273(40.11)	1 901(59.89)	164.91^**	2 030(63.96)	1 144(36.04)	570.48^**
	中水平	2 786	1 194(42.86)	1 592(57.14)		1 369(49.14)	1 417(50.86)
	高水平	2 914	1 622(55.66)	1 292(44.34)		971(33.32)	1 943(66.68)
压力	低水平	3 048	1 646(54.00)	1 402(46.00)	166.07^**	1 084(35.56)	1 964(64.44)	469.41^**
	中水平	2 960	1 374(46.42)	1 586(53.58)		1 459(49.29)	1 501(50.71)
	高水平	2 866	1 069(37.30)	1 797(62.70)		1 827(63.75)	1 039(36.25)
注：()内数字为构成比/%；^**P＜0.01。

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表 2 压力与心理韧性和中学生饮食行为的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=8 874)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of stress and resilience on eating behaviors of middle school students (n=8 874)

自变量	选项	高能饮食行为		均衡饮食行为
自变量	选项	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
压力	低水平	1.00		1.00
	中水平	1.25(1.12~1.39)	＜0.01	0.73(0.65~0.81)	＜0.01
	高水平	1.58(1.39~1.79)	＜0.01	0.53(0.47~0.60)	＜0.01
心理韧性	低水平	1.00		1.00
	中水平	1.05(0.94~1.18)	0.41	1.45(1.29~1.62)	＜0.01
	高水平	0.73(0.65~0.83)	＜0.01	2.50(2.21~2.84)	＜0.01

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表 3 心理韧性在压力与中学生饮食行为间的中介作用(n=8 874)

Table 3. Mediating effect of resilience between stress and eating behaviors of middle school students(n=8 874)

效应模型	高能饮食行为		均衡饮食行为
效应模型	效应值(95%CI)	效应占比/%	效应值(95%CI)	效应占比/%
中介效应	0.03(0.02~0.05)	15.61	-0.12(-0.13~-0.10)	56.10
直接效应	0.17(0.15~0.20)	84.39	-0.09(-0.12~-0.06)	43.90
总效应	0.21(0.19~0.23)	100.00	-0.21(-0.22~-0.19)	100.00
注：P值均＜0.01。

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