Latent class characteristics and related factors of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students in the Wuling Mountain Area
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摘要:
目的 探究武陵山区高等职业院校学生(简称高职生)危害健康行为潜在类别特征及相关因素，为高职生健康成长和制定有效的干预措施提供参考。 方法 于2024年4—6月，采用分层随机整群抽样法从地处武陵山区的湖南湘西地区、湖北恩施地区、贵州铜仁地区的3所高等职业院校抽取1 737名学生，采用大学生危害健康行为问卷、亲子关系量表、社会支持量表、学校联结量表进行问卷调查，采用潜在类别分析高职生在危害健康行为方面存在的异质性分布特征，采用多元Logistic回归分析探讨高职生危害健康行为潜在类别的相关因素。 结果 高职生12种危害健康行为分为3个潜在类别：综合高危组(151名，8.7%)、心理问题组(883名，50.8%)、低危组(703名，40.5%)；危害健康行为各潜在类别在不同性别、是否独生子女高职生间分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为121.25，9.85，P值均 < 0.05)；“低危组”亲子关系(29.26±6.19)、社会支持(63.98±18.16)、学校联结得分(35.97±7.71)均高于“综合高危组”“心理问题组”(27.28±6.03，57.67±15.60，32.97±7.55；27.52±5.19，62.06±14.54，33.80±6.14)(F值分别为20.37，23.51，9.89，P值均 < 0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，男生更易类属“综合高危组”(OR=3.29)，社会支持、学校联结水平高的学生不易类属“综合高危组”(OR值分别为0.03，0.92)和“心理问题组”(OR值分别为0.21，0.96)(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 武陵山区高职大学生危害健康行为存在3个潜在类别，学校、家庭、社会应针对不同类别高职大学生加强亲子关系、学校联结、社会支持水平，促进身心健康发展。 Abstract:Objective To explore the latent class characteristics and related factors of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students (referred to as vocational students) in the Wuling Mountain Area, so as to provide references for promoting their healthy development and formulating effective intervention measures. Methods From April to June 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 737 students from three higher vocational colleges in the Wuling Mountain Area (Xiangxi in Hunan, Enshi in Hubei, and Tongren in Guizhou). The study employed the Health-risk Behavior Questionnaire for College Students, the Parent-Child Relationship Scale, the Social Support Scale, and the School Connection Scale for data collection. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of health-risk behaviors among vocational students, and multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the related factors of latent classes. Results The LCA results identified three latent classes based on 12 health-risk behaviors: the comprehensive high-risk group (151 students, 8.7%), the psychological distress group (883 students, 50.8%), and the low-risk group (703 students, 40.5%). The distribution of latent classes showed statistically significant differences in gender and only-child status (χ2=121.25, 9.85, both P < 0.05). The low-risk group scored higher in parent-child relationship (29.26±6.19), social support (63.98±18.16), and school connection (35.97±7.71) compared to the comprehensive high-risk group (27.28±6.03, 57.67±15.60, 32.97±7.55) and the psychological distress group (27.52±5.19, 62.06±14.54, 33.80±6.14) (F=20.37, 23.51, 9.89, all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that boys(OR=3.29) were more likely to belong to the comprehensive high-risk group, social support (OR=0.03, 0.21) and school connection (OR=0.92, 0.96) were less likely to belong to both the comprehensive high-risk and psychological distress groups (all P < 0.05). Conclusions There are three potential categories of health-harmful behaviors among vocational college students in Wuling Mountain Area. Schools, families and society should enhance the levels of parent-child relationship, school connections and social support for vocational college students of different categories to promote their physical and mental health development. -
Key words:
- Dangerous behavior /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
图 1 高职生危害健康行为3个潜在类别条件分布
Figure 1. Distribution of 3 potential categories of health-risk behaviors among vocational college students
表 1 高职生危害健康行为潜在类别模型拟合指标信息(n=1 737)
Table 1. Potential category model fitting index information of health hazard behaviors among higher vocctronal college students(n=1 737)
类别数目 参数条目 AIC值 BIC值 aBIC值 Entropy值 PLMR值 PBLRT值 类别概率 1 1 20 866.69 20 932.12 20 894.00 — — — 1.00 2 25 19 282.77 19 419.08 19 339.66 0.86 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.42/0.58 3 38 18 961.21 19 168.40 19 047.68 0.89 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.09/0.51/0.41 4 51 18 857.64 19 135.71 18 973.69 0.80 0.02 < 0.01 0.09/0.25/0.27/0.39 
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表 2 不同人口学特征高职生危害健康行为潜在类别的单因素分析
Table 2. Single factor analysis of potential categories of health-risk behaviors among vocational college students with different demographic characteristics
人口学指标 选项 人数 综合高危组 心理问题组 低危组 χ2值 性别 男 652 108(16.6) 242(37.1) 302(46.3) 121.25** 女 1 085 43(4.0) 641(59.1) 401(37.1) 年级 大一 584 45(7.7) 319(54.6) 220(37.1) 8.08 大二 578 58(10.0) 269(46.5) 251(43.4) 大三 575 48(8.3) 295(51.3) 232(40.3) 民族 汉族 1 098 92(8.4) 564(51.4) 442(40.3) 3.61 土家族 219 24(11.0) 112(51.1) 83(37.9) 苗族 173 12(6.9) 84(48.6) 77(44.5) 其他民族 247 23(9.3) 123(49.8) 101(40.9) 独生子女 是 319 35(11.0) 136(42.6) 148(46.4) 9.85** 否 1 418 116(8.2) 747(52.7) 555(39.1) 父亲学历 小学及以下 410 36(8.8) 209(51.0) 165(40.2) 0.02 初中及以上 1 327 115(8.7) 674(50.8) 538(40.5) 母亲学历 小学及以下 711 53(7.5) 377(53.0) 281(39.5) 3.26 初中及以上 1 026 98(9.6) 506(49.3) 422(41.1) 家庭类型 完整家庭 1 485 129(8.7) 740(49.8) 616(41.5) 5.54 不完整家庭 252 22(8.7) 143(56.7) 87(34.5) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%；家庭类型中，“完整家庭”包括与父母共同生活的核心家庭和三代同堂家庭，“不完整家庭”涵盖单亲、重组及其他非传统家庭类型；**P < 0.01。
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表 3 高职生危害健康行为潜类别分组的多元Logistic回归分析[n=1 737, OR值(95%CI)]
Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of subcategory grouping of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students[n=1 737, OR(95%CI)]
自变量 选项 综合高危组 心理问题组 性别 男 3.29(2.23~4.86)** 0.52(0.42~0.65)** 女 1.00 1.00 独生子女 是 0.77(0.46~1.35) 0.75(0.58~0.98)* 否 1.00 1.00 亲子关系 0.99(0.93~1.04) 0.97(0.94~0.98)* 社会支持 0.03(0.02~0.04)** 0.21(0.17~0.25)** 学校联结 0.92(0.88~0.97)** 0.96(0.93~0.98)** 注：亲子关系、社会支持和学校联结为连续变量；*P < 0.05，**P < 0.01。
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