家庭读写光照与儿童青少年筛查性近视的关联

张京佶; 罗春燕; 杨卉娟; 杨东玲; 黄生垒; 郑柯炀; 曲爽笑

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025225

家庭读写光照与儿童青少年筛查性近视的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025225

1.
上海市教育委员会教育技术装备中心，200070
2.
上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所
3.
上海时代之光照明电器检测有限公司

基金项目:

上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年) GWVI-11.2-YQ26

上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年) GWVI-11.1-31

详细信息

作者简介:
张京佶(1983-)，女，上海市人，硕士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

通讯作者:
曲爽笑，E-mail：qushuangxiao@scdc.sh.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R778.1⁺¹ J714.4 B845.61
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-20
- 修回日期: 2025-04-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-25

Relationship between home reading-writing illuminance and screening myopia among children and adolescents

1.
Educational Technology Equipment Center of Shanghai Education Committee, Shanghai 200070, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解上海市儿童青少年放学后家庭读写光照情况，探索其与筛查性近视的关联，为儿童青少年近视防控提供科学依据。方法 2024年4—12月，在上海市2所主城区学校和1所乡村学校招募641名小学和初中学生参与调查。采用照度计测量放学后家庭读写照度，通过视力检查和非睫状肌麻痹条件下屈光检测判定儿童青少年筛查性近视，采用二元Logistic回归模型分析放学后家庭读写光照与儿童青少年筛查性近视的关联。结果上海市儿童青少年筛查性近视检出率为59.9%，放学后家庭读写光照中位数为340.9(112.2, 753.5)lx，不足300 lx的占45.4%。小学生放学后家庭读写照度[432.0(136.9, 837.0)lx]大于初中生[113.1(53.7, 375.1)lx]，主城区学生家庭读写照度[503.9(212.6, 969.5)lx]大于乡村学生[141.6(53.7, 416.9)lx]，差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-7.56，-9.95，P值均 < 0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，与家庭读写照度150~500 lx相比，家庭读写照度 < 150和>500 lx的儿童青少年筛查性近视检出风险增加[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.56(1.01~2.42)，1.74(1.15~2.62)，P值均 < 0.05]。结论上海市儿童青少年家庭照明环境状况不容乐观，家庭读写照度过低或过高与儿童青少年筛查性近视相关。需改善儿童青少年晚间家庭读写时照明条件，并针对不同地区和学段加强健康宣教。
- 采光 /
- 近视 /
- 患病率 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand the home reading-writing levels among children and adolescents in Shanghai after school, and to explore its association with screening myopia, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia. Methods From April to December 2024, 641 primary and middle school students were recruited from 2 urban schools and 1 rural school in Shanghai to participate in the survey. An illuminance meter was used to measure the illuminance of home reading-writing activities after school. Screening myopia was determined through visual acuity examination and refractive detection under non ciliary muscle paralysis conditions among children and adolescents. A binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between home reading-writing illuminance and screening myopia. Results The detection rate of screening myopia among children and adolescents in Shanghai was 59.9%. The median home reading-writing illuminance after school was 340.9(112.2, 753.5) lx, and 45.4% was found of less than 300 lx. The family illuminance in the primary school stage [432.0 (136.9, 837.0) lx] was higher than that in the junior high school stage [113.1(53.7, 375.1) lx], and main urban area group [503.9 (212.6, 969.5) lx] was higher than that in the rural group [141.6 (53.7, 416.9) lx], the differences were statistically significant (Z=-7.56, -9.95, both P < 0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the family illuminance of 150-500 lx, children and adolescents with family illuminance < 150 and >500 lx had increased risks of screening myopia detection[OR(95%CI)=1.56(1.01-2.42), 1.74(1.15-2.62), both P < 0.05]. Conclusions The home reading-writing illuminance after school is suboptimal. Both excessively low and high home reading-writing illuminance levels are associated with screen-detected myopia. It is necessary for children and adolescents to improve lighting conditions during evening reading-writing activities, and strengthen health education according to different regions and school stages.
- Lighting /
- Myopia /
- Prevalence /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

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表 1 不同组别儿童青少年筛查性近视检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of screening myopia detection rate among different groups of children and adolescents

组别	选项	人数	筛查性近视	χ²值	P值
性别	男	318	177(55.7)	4.74	0.03
	女	323	207(64.1)
学段	小学	511	288(56.4)	13.19	< 0.01
	初中	130	96(73.8)
地区	主城区	389	216(55.5)	7.90	< 0.01
	乡村	252	168(66.7)
家庭经济状况	低	22	10(45.5)	2.02	0.37
	中	121	74(61.2)
	高	498	300(60.2)
父母近视情况	均不近视	204	101(49.5)	13.47	< 0.01
	至少一人近视	437	283(64.8)
睡眠情况	充足	134	82(61.2)	0.12	0.73
	不足	507	302(59.6)
平均每日户外活动	≥2	124	80(64.5)	1.36	0.24
时间/h	< 2	517	304(58.8)
平均每日写作业	≤1	229	126(55.0)	3.54	0.06
时间/h	>1	412	258(62.6)
平均每日视屏时间	≤1	436	258(59.2)	0.30	0.58
/h	>1	205	126(61.5)
家庭读写光照/lx	< 150	204	130(63.7)	6.52	0.04
	150~500	191	100(52.4)
	>500	246	154(62.6)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同组别儿童青少年放学后家庭读写光照分布比较

Table 2. Comparison of distribution of illuminance of family study environment after school among different groups of children and adolescents

组别	人数	< 150 lx	150~500 lx	>500 lx	χ²值	P值
性别
男	318	113(35.5)	89(28.0)	116(36.5)	4.02	0.13
女	323	91(28.2)	102(31.6)	130(40.2)
学段
小学	511	134(26.2)	147(28.8)	230(45.0)	54.62	< 0.01
初中	130	70(53.8)	44(33.9)	16(12.3)
地区
主城区	389	77(19.8)	116(24.8)	196(50.4)	82.18	< 0.01
乡村	252	127(50.4)	75(29.8)	50(19.8)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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