成都市中小学生心率变异性与课外体育锻炼相关性

潘仲金; 张艺宏; 何仲涛; 刘建宇; 郑晓; 邵平

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025207

成都市中小学生心率变异性与课外体育锻炼相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025207

1.
重庆三峡学院体育与健康学院, 重庆 404100
2.
成都体育学院运动医学与健康学院
3.
四川省体育科学研究所(四川省反兴奋剂中心)群众体育教研室

详细信息

作者简介:
潘仲金(1996-)，男，重庆开州人，硕士，助教，主要研究向为儿童青少年运动健康与促进

通讯作者:
邵平，E-mali：786523873@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 R331.3⁺¹
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-20
- 修回日期: 2025-05-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-02
- 刊出日期: 2025-07-25

Correlation between heart rate variability and extracurricular physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Chengdu City

1.
College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解成都市中小学生课外体育锻炼对心率变异性的影响，为中小学生科学参与课外体育锻炼提供参考。方法采用方便抽样方法选取2020年9月—2022年1月在四川省体育科学研究所进行体质评估的1 323名成都市中心城区中小学生参与调查，参照国家国民体质监测中心标准将男、女生分别划分为有、无课外体育锻炼习惯组。采用SA-3000P，分别对男、女生心率变异标准偏差(SDNN)、连续性差异的平方根(rMSSD)、总频功率(TP)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)等心率变异性相关指标进行测评，采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和χ²检验进行统计学分析。结果男、女生无课外体育锻炼习惯组lgSDNN、lgrMSSD、TP、LF、HF[男生：(1.67±0.13)ms，(1.59±0.20)ms，(7.34±0.73)ms²，(6.11±0.74)ms²，(6.05±0.87)ms²；女生：(1.67±0.13)ms，(1.59±0.19)ms，(7.35±0.60)ms²，(6.06±0.69)ms²，(6.12±0.87)ms²]比有课外体育锻炼习惯组均较低[男生：(1.75±0.13)ms，(1.72±0.18)ms，(7.69±0.62)ms²，(6.41±0.76)ms²，(6.44±0.79)ms²；女生：(1.73±0.13)ms，(1.68±0.20)ms，(7.60±0.65)ms²，(6.26±0.86)ms²，(6.36±0.90)ms²](t值分别为-8.24，-8.75，-6.54，-5.35，-6.33；-5.10，-4.90，-4.47，-2.71，-2.93，P值均＜0.01)。仅男生无课外体育锻炼习惯组lgLF/HF[0.04(-0.19，0.27)]较有课外体育锻炼习惯组[-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)]有降低(Z=-2.01，P＜0.05)。对男、女生无、有课外体育锻炼习惯组自主神经活性、压力指数及疲劳指数评分等级分别进行比较，男生正常及以上人数比例分别为79.3%，84.1%，71.8%；91.4%，95.7%，87.3%，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为47.42，63.66，38.28)；女生正常及以上人数比例分别为79.8%，85.7%，75.0%；85.4%，92.1%，79.4%，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为48.31，22.18，22.22)(P值均＜0.01)。结论有课外体育锻炼习惯的中小学生，在心率变异性相关指标上顺应性增强，并表现出更为复杂的心率变异性。
- 心率 /
- 身体锻炼 /
- 健康促进 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the impact of extracurricular physical activity on heart rate variability (HRV) among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu City, so ao to provide references for scientific exercise prescription. Methods Using a convenient sampling method, 1 323 primary and secondary students were enrolled from central Chengdu who underwent physical fitness assessments at Sichuan Provincial Institute of Sports Science from September 2020 to January 2022. According to the standards of the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center, boys and girls were divided into groups with and without extracurricular physical exercise habits. HRV was monitored using the SA-3000P device. Key HRV parameters were evaluated separately by gender, including standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), total power (TP), low-frequency power (LF) and high-frequency power (HF). Statistical analyses were employed by t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test. Results lgSDNN, lgrMSSD, TP, LF and HF in the group without extracurricular physical exercise habit [boys: (1.67±0.13)ms, (1.59±0.20)ms, (7.34±0.73)ms², (6.11±0.74)ms², (6.05±0.87)ms²; girls: (1.67±0.13)ms, (1.59±0.19)ms, (7.35±0.60)ms², (6.06±0.69)ms², (6.12±0.87)ms²] were lower than those in the group with extracurricular physical exercise habit [boys: (1.75±0.13)ms, (1.72±0.18)ms, (7.69±0.62)ms², (6.41±0.76)ms², (6.44±0.79)ms²; girls: (1.73±0.13)ms, (1.68±0.20)ms, (7.60±0.65)ms², (6.26±0.86)ms², (6.36±0.90)ms²] (t=-8.24, -8.75, -6.54, -5.35, -6.33;-5.10, -4.90, -4.47, -2.71, -2.93, all P < 0.01). Only the group of boys without extracurricular physical exercise habits showed a decrease in lgLF/HF [0.04(-0.19, 0.27)] compared to the group with extracurricular physical exercise habits [-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)] (Z=-2.01, P < 0.05). When the score classes of autonomic nerve activity, stress index and fatigue index were compared between boys and girls groups without and with extracurricular physical exercise habits, the proportion of boys normal and above scores increased from 79.3%, 84.1%, 71.8% to 91.4%, 95.7%, 87.3%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=47.42, 63.66, 38.28); the proportion of girls normal score and above increased from 79.8%, 85.7%, 75.0% to 85.4%, 92.1%, 79.4%, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=48.31, 22.18, 22.22) (all P < 0.01). Conclusion The primary and secondary school students who have the habit of extracurricular physical exercise have enhanced compliance in indicators related to HRV, showing more complex heart rate variability.
- Heart rate /
- Exercise movement techniques /
- Health promotion /
- Students
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表 1 不同性别学生有、无课外体育锻炼习惯心率变异性指标比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of HRV indicators with and without extracurricular physical exercise habits in different genders(x±s)

性别	锻炼习惯	人数	统计值	lgSDNN/ms²	lgrMSSD/ms²	TP/ms²	LF/ms²	HF/ms²	lgLF/HF^*
男	无	444		1.67±0.13	1.59±0.20	7.34±0.73	6.11±0.74	6.05±0.87	0.04(-0.19, 0.27)
	有	283		1.75±0.13	1.72±0.18	7.69±0.62	6.41±0.76	6.44±0.79	-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)
			t/Z值	-8.24	-8.75	-6.54	-5.35	-6.33	-2.01
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
女	无	431		1.67±0.13	1.59±0.19	7.35±0.60	6.06±0.69	6.12±0.87	-0.04(-0.24, 0.19)
	有	165		1.73±0.13	1.68±0.20	7.60±0.65	6.26±0.86	6.36±0.90	-0.05(-0.26, 0.20)
			t/Z值	-5.10	-4.90	-4.47	-2.71	-2.93	0.22
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.82
注：^*为M(P₂₅，P₇₅)。

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表 2 不同性别学生有无课外体育锻炼习惯自主神经活性、压力指数、疲劳指数等级分布比较

Table 2. Comparison of rank distribution of ANS activity, stress index and fatigue index with and without extracurricular physical exercise habits in different genders

性别	锻炼习惯	人数	自主神经活性					压力指数					疲劳指数
性别	锻炼习惯	人数	优秀	良好	正常	差	极差	优秀	良好	正常	差	极差	优秀	良好	正常	差	极差
男	有	283	33(11.7)	104(36.7)	122(43.1)	18(6.4)	6(2.1)	9(3.2)	59(20.8)	203(71.7)	3(1.1)	9(3.2)	28(9.9)	135(47.7)	84(29.7)	22(7.8)	14(4.9)
	无	444	20(4.5)	213(48.0)	119(26.8)	64(14.4)	28(6.3)	2(0.4)	161(36.3)	210(47.3)	42(9.5)	29(6.5)	19(4.3)	216(48.7)	84(18.9)	96(21.6)	29(6.5)
女	有	165	15(9.1)	54(32.7)	72(43.6)	13(7.9)	11(6.7)	2(1.2)	48(29.1)	102(61.8)	6(3.6)	7(4.2)	8(4.8)	65(39.4)	58(35.2)	19(11.5)	15(9.1)
	无	431	17(3.9)	243(56.4)	84(19.5)	65(15.1)	22(5.1)	0	180(41.8)	189(43.8)	31(7.2)	31(7.2)	11(2.6)	226(52.4)	86(19.9)	80(18.6)	28(6.5)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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