贵州喀斯特地貌地区儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常流行特征

卢秀娟; 李忻; 彭西英; 王转; 黄小丽; 张晓琴

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025204

贵州喀斯特地貌地区儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常流行特征

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025204

贵州省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，贵阳 550004

基金项目:

贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目 gzwkj2021-418

详细信息

作者简介:
卢秀娟(1986-)，女，广西柳州人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事学校卫生与健康影响因素监测工作

通讯作者:
张晓琴，E-mail: 505211267@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R682.3 R726.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-20
- 修回日期: 2025-05-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-02
- 刊出日期: 2025-07-25

Epidemiological characteristics of spinal curvature abnormalities in children and adolescents in Karst landform in Guizhou Province

Department of School Health, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解贵州省不同喀斯特地貌地区6~18岁儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常流行特征，为针对性开展综合干预提供科学依据。方法于2023年9—12月，采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，根据贵州省喀斯特地貌面积比例，在贵州省9个市(州)所有县(区)抽取6~18岁儿童青少年194 875名开展脊柱弯曲异常筛查，并抽取小学四年级及以上共139 449名学生开展问卷调查，采用二元Logistic回归进行相关因素的多因素分析。结果贵州省儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常检出率为1.13%，喀斯特地貌高比例地区、低比例地区、间插区、非喀斯特地貌区儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常检出率分别为1.10%，2.00%，0.90%，0.60%；其中喀斯特地貌低比例地区、间插区及非喀斯特地貌区女生脊柱弯曲异常检出率(2.40%，1.60%，0.90%)均高于男生(1.60%，0.10%，0.30%)(χ²值分别为12.66，112.69，30.22)，喀斯特地貌高比例地区、低比例地区、间插区和非喀斯特地貌区高中生脊柱弯曲异常检出率(2.00%，4.30%，1.40%，1.30%)均高于初中生(1.40%，3.20%，1.00%，0.60%)及小学生(0.70%，0.80%，0.60%，0.30%)(χ²值分别为306.11，175.80，14.24，39.57)(P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，喀斯特地貌高比例地区及低比例地区儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常风险均高于非喀斯特地貌区[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.84(1.05~2.25)，1.60(1.23~2.09)，P值均 < 0.05]。结论贵州省儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常检出率与喀斯特地貌分布有关，要加强筛查及积极采取适宜的综合干预措施。
- 脊柱弯曲 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of abnormalities spinal curvature among children and adolescents in Karst landform in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted comprehensive intervention. Methods From September to December 2023, 194 875 children and adolescents aged 6-18 were selected from all countieldistricts of 9 cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province by stratified random cluster sampling method according to the proportion of Karst landform area in Guizhou Province for carrying out spinal curvature abnormality screening, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on 139 449 students in the fourth grade and above of primary school. Binary Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Guizhou Province was 1.13%. The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in areas with a high proportion of Karst landform, areas with a low proportion of Karst landform, intercalation areas, and non-Karst landform areas were 1.10%, 2.00%, 0.90%, and 0.60%, respectively. Among them, the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in female students (2.40%, 1.60%, 0.90%) in areas with a low proportion of Karst landform, intercalation areas and non-Karst landform were higher than those in male students (1.60%, 0.10%, 0.30) (χ²=12.66, 112.69, 30.22, all P < 0.05). The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature among senior high school students (2.00%, 4.30%, 1.40%, 1.30%) in different Karst landform distributions were successively higher than those among junior high school students (1.40%, 3.20%, 1.00%, 0.60%) and primary school students (0.70%, 0.80%, 0.60%, 0.30%) (χ²=306.11, 175.80, 14.24, 39.57, all P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in both high-proportion and low-proportion Karst landform areas were higher than those in non-Karst landform areas [OR(95%CI)=1.84(1.05-2.25), 1.60(1.23-2.09), both P < 0.05]. Conclusion The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Guizhou Province is related to the distribution of Karst landform, so it is necessary to strengthen screening and appropriate comprehensive interventions.
- Spinal curvatures /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同人口学特征各喀斯特地貌地区儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents with different demographic characteristics in karst landform

组别	选项	统计值	高比例地区		低比例地区		间插区		非喀斯特地貌区
组别	选项	统计值	筛查人数	检出人数	筛查人数	检出人数	筛查人数	检出人数	筛查人数	检出人数
性别	男		72 791	827(1.10)	8 823	142(1.60)	8 684	11(0.10)	11 059	33(0.30)
	女		67 778	780(1.20)	7 733	184(2.40)	8 127	133(1.60)	9 880	86(0.90)
		χ²值		0.07		12.66		112.69		30.22
		P值		0.80		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
学段	小学		78 831	582(0.70)	9 528	72(0.80)	9 847	64(0.60)	12 158	42(0.30)
	初中		37 678	538(1.40)	4 305	137(3.20)	4 656	48(1.00)	5 871	38(0.60)
	高中		24 060	487(2.00)	2 723	117(4.30)	2 308	32(1.40)	2 910	39(1.30)
		χ²值		306.11		175.80		14.24		39.57
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 贵州省6~18岁儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常的单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Guizhou Province

变量	人数	脊柱弯曲异常	χ²值	P值
平时背书包习惯^*
双肩包背胸前	11 204	116(1.03)	1.79	0.77
双肩包背背后	116 273	1 198(1.03)
双肩包背一侧	4 609	43(0.93)
单肩背包	3 732	45(1.20)
使用带轮书包	1 009	12(1.19)
书包重量^*
轻	11 054	111(1.00)	1.74	0.88
较轻	26 524	283(1.07)
中等	69 977	710(1.01)
较重	19 948	218(1.09)
很重	5 900	56(0.95)
没感觉	3 424	36(1.05)
班级座位左右轮换情况^*
是	102 034	1 073(1.05)	1.30	0.27
否	34 793	341(0.98)
床垫(床)柔软度^*
偏软	13 493	122(0.90)	13.13	< 0.01
适中	106 974	1 160(1.08)
偏硬	16 360	132(0.81)
平时对坐姿、站姿的自我要求^*
无所谓	37 919	368(0.97)	5.48	0.14
有时会监督自己	53 403	557(1.04)
时常会提醒自己	23 981	277(1.16)
时刻保持良好的姿势	21 524	212(0.98)
每天户外运动时长/h^*
< 2	95 133	998(1.05)	0.01	0.91
≥2	44 316	462(1.04)
每周进行≥1 h高强度运动/d
0	20 172	196(0.97)	1.20	0.27
≥1	119 756	1 265(1.06)
每天室内静坐时长/h^*
< 10	119 080	1 257(1.06)	4.41	0.04
≥10	17 747	157(0.88)
BMI/(kg·m^-2)
< 18.5	108 365	1 103(1.02)	52.30	< 0.01
18.5~23.9	68 054	925(1.36)
≥24.0	18 456	168(0.91)
地貌分布
喀斯特高比例地区	140 569	1 607(1.14)	39.68	< 0.01
喀斯特低比例地区	16 556	326(1.97)
间插区	16 811	144(0.86)
非喀斯特地貌区	20 939	119(0.57)
注：^*表示变量有缺失值；()内数字为检出率/%。

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