多重风险与中小学生执行功能和抑郁情绪的纵向关联

蒋莹; 毕磊忠

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025202

多重风险与中小学生执行功能和抑郁情绪的纵向关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025202

蒋莹,
毕磊忠

贵州师范大学心理学院, 贵阳 550025

基金项目:

贵州省2023年度哲学社会科学规划项目 23GZQN36

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋莹(1992-), 女, 江苏南京人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为家庭环境与儿童心理健康

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中图分类号: R179 G444 Q427
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-25
- 修回日期: 2025-06-04
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-02
- 刊出日期: 2025-07-25

Longitudinal associations between multiple risks and executive function with depressive emotions among primary and middle school students

School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析中小学生多重累积风险与抑郁情绪间的纵向关联及执行功能在二者关系间的中介作用，为预防和改善青少年的抑郁情绪提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样方法，于2023年12月—2024年12月在山东、湖南两省对抽取的946名中小学生经历的多重风险、执行功能及抑郁情绪进行1年的追踪调查。采用Pearson相关分析变量间的相关性，采用中介模型分析及Bootstrap检验明确执行功能在多重累积风险与中小学生抑郁情绪纵向关联间的中介作用。结果基线调查中，生存性风险的检出率相对较低，37.98%的小学生及30.87%的中学生未经历该类风险；发展性风险及危害性风险的检出率均较高，其中63.20%的小学生及69.63%的中学生经历2个及以上的发展性风险，44.81%的小学生及71.60%的中学生经历2个及以上危害性风险。在控制性别、年龄、第1年的执行功能及抑郁情绪后，儿童第1年经历的发展性风险及危害性风险的数量累积越多，其抑郁情绪水平越高(β值分别为0.06，0.08，P值均 < 0.01)，但生存性风险对抑郁情绪预测作用无统计学意义(β=0.03，P>0.05)。发展性风险(估计值=0.02，95%CI=0.01~0.04)、危害性风险(估计值=0.02，95%CI=0.01~0.04)对中小学生抑郁情绪的预测作用均能通过执行功能中介(P值均 < 0.05)。结论中小学生经历的发展性风险与危害性风险数量越多，其执行功能更差，进而增加抑郁情绪水平。
- 执行功能 /
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the longitudinal relationship between cumulative multiple risks and depressive emotions in primary and secondary school students, and to examine the mediating role of executive function in the association, so as to provide scientific evidence for preventing and alleviating depressive emotions in adolescents. Methods Using convenience sampling, 946 students from Shandong and Hunan provinces were tracked for one year (December 2023 to December 2024) regarding their exposure to multiple risks, executive function, and depressive emotion. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to examine variable relationships, while mediation modeling with Bootstrap testing (5 000 iterations) was conducted to verify the mediating effect. Results At baseline, the prevalence of survival risks was relatively low, with 37.98% of primary school students and 30.87% of middle-school students reporting no exposure to such risks. In contrast, developmental risks and harmful risks showed substantially higher prevalence, with 63.20% of primary school students and 69.63% of middle-school students experiencing two or more risk factors in developmental risks, and 44.81% of primary school students and 71.60% of middle-school students experiencing two or more harmful risks. After controlling for gender, age, baseline executive function and depressive emotions: higher cumulative developmental risks (β=0.06, P < 0.01) and hazardous risks (β=0.08, P < 0.01) predicted elevated depressive emotion, while survival risks showed no significant prediction (β=0.03, P>0.05). Executive function significantly mediated the effects of both developmental risks (Effect=0.02, 95%CI=0.01-0.04) and hazardous risks (Effect=0.02, 95%CI=0.01-0.04) on depressive emotion (both P < 0.05). Conclusions Increased exposure to developmental and hazardous risks predicts poorer executive function, which subsequently exacerbates depressive emotions in students.
- Executive function /
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Students
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图 1 执行功能在多重累积风险与中小学生抑郁情绪间的中介检验模型

注：图中数值为β值，实线为有统计学意义，虚线无统计学意义。

Figure 1. The mediation model of executive function between multiple cumulative risks and depression emotions in primary and secondary school students

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表 1 中小学生经历累积风险数量分布

Table 1. The proportion of students experiencing multiple cumulative risks

风险	数量	小学生(n=337)	中学生(n=609)
生存性	0	128(37.98)	188(30.87)
	1	104(30.86)	216(35.47)
	2	66(19.58)	132(21.67)
	3	25(7.42)	48(7.88)
	4	13(3.86)	19(3.12)
	5	1(0.30)	6(0.99)
发展性	0	35(10.39)	46(7.55)
	1	89(26.41)	139(22.82)
	2	92(27.30)	177(29.06)
	3	78(23.15)	132(21.67)
	4	37(10.98)	91(14.94)
	5	6(1.78)	24(3.94)
危害性	0	100(29.67)	63(10.34)
	1	86(25.52)	110(18.06)
	2	61(18.10)	124(20.36)
	3	54(16.02)	116(19.05)
	4	27(8.01)	105(17.24)
	5	9(2.67)	91(14.94)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 中小学生多重累积风险、执行功能及抑郁情绪的相关分析(r值，n=946)

Table 2. Correlation analysis of multiple cumulative risk, executive function and depression emotions in primary and secondary students (r, n=946)

变量	性别	年龄	T1生存性风险	T1发展性风险	T1危害性风险	T1执行功能	T1抑郁情绪	T2执行功能
T1生存性风险	-0.11^**	0.02
T1发展性风险	-0.11^**	0.03	0.41^**
T1危害性风险	0.01	0.25^**	0.16^**	0.28^**
T1执行功能	-0.11^**	-0.34^**	-0.18^**	-0.25^**	-0.42^**
T1抑郁情绪	0.17^**	0.17^**	0.20^**	0.29^**	0.46^**	-0.48^**
T2执行功能	-0.15^**	-0.26^**	-0.14^**	-0.24^**	-0.34^**	0.63^**	-0.44^**
T2抑郁情绪	0.19^**	0.13^**	0.17^**	0.25^**	0.37^**	-0.38^**	0.63^**	-0.49^**
注：^**P < 0.01。

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