银川市大学生24 h活动时间分配与主动健康水平的关联

陈妙; 翟锁; 丁文清; 殷鼎

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025194

银川市大学生24 h活动时间分配与主动健康水平的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025194

陈妙¹,
翟锁¹,
丁文清^1, ,,
殷鼎^2, ,

1.
宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院, 银川 750004
2.
天津体育学院武术与民族传统体育学院

基金项目:

宁夏医科大学校级重点项目 XZ201908

详细信息

作者简介:
陈妙(2001-)，女，贵州毕节人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年体质与健康

通讯作者:
丁文清，E-mail: dwqdz@163.com

殷鼎，E-mail: yinding_888@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G479
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-10
- 修回日期: 2025-05-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-02
- 刊出日期: 2025-07-25

Assoication between 24-hour activity time allocation and active health levels among college students in Yinchuan City

CHEN Miao¹,
ZHAI Suo¹,
DING Wenqing^{1
, ,},
YIN Ding^{2
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨银川市大学生24 h活动时间分配的潜在分类及其与主动健康水平的关系，为优化活动时间分配，提升主动健康水平提供参考。方法于2024年11月18日—12月6日，采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取银川市全日制本科院校的2 422名大一至大二年级学生为研究对象，采用中国大学生24 h活动行为问卷(24 h MBQ)和主动健康行为量表调查大学生24 h活动时间分配现状、评估主动健康水平，通过潜在剖面分析(LPA)判别活动类别，通过二元Logistic回归分析其与大学生主动健康水平的关联性。结果有1 087名(44.9%)大学生具备主动健康水平，不同年龄、年级、办学性质、生源地、学科类别大学生主动健康具备率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为22.03，7.65，25.50，10.12，43.44，P值均＜0.01)；不同性别、年龄、年级、生源地、办学性质、学科类别大学生24 h活动时间分布差异均有统计学意义(t/Z/H/F=-5.70~111.39，P值均＜0.05)。24 h活动时间分配模式可分为学屏双高型(6.9%)、低耗休眠型(8.8%)、轻度活跃型(67.8%)和高能动态型(16.4%)4种。不同年龄、办学性质和学科类别下大学生活动时间分配类别分布差异均有统计学意义(χ²=15.52~108.46，P值均＜0.05)。以高能动态型为参照组，轻度活跃型(OR=0.39，95%CI=0.31~0.50)、低耗休眠型(OR=0.10，95%CI=0.06~0.15)和学屏双高型(OR=0.03，95%CI=0.02~0.07)大学生具备较低的主动健康水平(P值均＜0.01)。结论银川市大学生24 h活动时间分配类别存在明显异质性，不同活动类别均与主动健康水平存在关联。
- 运动活动 /
- 时间 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the potential classification of 24-hour activity time allocation among college students in Yinchuan and its association with active health levels, so as to provide references for optimizing activity time allocation to enhance active health levels. Methods From November 18 to December 6, 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 422 first- and second-year college students from full-time undergraduate institutions in Yinchuan. The Chinese College Students' 24-hour Movement Behaviors Questionnaire (24 h MBQ) and Active Health Behavior Scale were used to assess 24-hour activity time allocation and evaluate active health levels. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to categorize activity types, and a binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between active health levels and activity types. Results A total of 1 087 students (44.9%) were found of meeting active health standards, and significant statistical differences were found in active health levels across different genders, grades, academic qualities, sources of origin and academic categories (χ²=22.03, 7.65, 25.50, 10.12, 43.44, all P < 0.01). Moreover, significant statistical differences could also be found among college students' 24-hour activity time across different genders, ages, grades, sources of origin, academic qualities, and academic categories (t/Z/H/F=-5.70-111.39, P < 0.05).The 24-hour activity time allocation was classified into four types: academic high (6.9%), low activity rest (8.8%), light activity (67.8%), and high activity dynamic (16.4%). Significant statistical differences were observed in activity time allocation categories across different ages, academic qualities and academic categories (χ²=15.52-108.46, all P < 0.05). Using the high activity dynamic type as a reference, the light activity type (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.31-0.50), low activity rest type (OR=0.10, 95%CI=0.06-0.15), and academic high type (OR=0.03, 95%CI=0.02-0.07) had lower active health levels among college students (all P < 0.01). Conclusion There is a significant difference in 24-hour activity time allocation among college students in Yinchuan, and different activity types are associated with active health levels.
- Motor activity /
- Time /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 大学生4种时间分配类别下的24 h活动行为时长

Figure 1. 24-hour activity behavior duration of four time allocation categories among college students

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表 1 不同组别大学生主动健康具备率比较

Table 1. Comparison of proactive health literacy rates among different groups of college students

组别	选项	人数	具备主动健康	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 130	510(45.1)	0.06	0.82
	女	1 292	577(44.7)
年龄/岁	＜18	94	20(21.3)	22.03	＜0.01
	≥18	2 328	1 067(45.8)
年级	大一	1 214	511(42.1)	7.65	＜0.01
	大二	1 208	576(47.7)
办学性质	公办	1 217	608(50.0)	25.50	＜0.01
	民办	1 205	479(39.8)
生源地	城镇	936	458(48.9)	10.12	＜0.01
	农村	1 486	629(42.3)
BMI	偏瘦	500	211(42.2)	2.32	0.51
	正常	1 516	689(45.4)
	超重	346	157(45.4)
	肥胖	60	30(50.0)
学科类别	文史类	321	113(35.2)	43.44	＜0.01
	理工类	1 163	495(42.6)
	医学类	455	260(57.1)
	体育类	113	56(49.6)
	其他	370	163(44.1)
父母最高	初中及以下	1 178	512(43.5)	5.30	0.07
学历	中专/高中	628	274(43.6)
	大专及以上	616	301(48.9)
注：()内数字为具备率/%。

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表 2 不同人口学特征大学生24 h活动类型时长比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)，min]

Table 2. Comparison of the 24-hour activity duration among college students with different demographic characteristics[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min]

人口学指标	选项	人数	统计值	睡眠^b	学习	网络媒体
性别	男	1 130		565.50±65.25	218.57(192.86, 242.04)	195.00(158.57, 226.32)
	女	1 292		570.06±59.29	220.64(195.71, 246.43)	195.86(161.61, 224.39)
			t/Z值	-1.80	-2.45	-0.45
			P值	0.07	0.01	0.66
年龄/岁	＜18	94		532.32±73.06	229.07(187.68, 257.21)	215.00(189.11, 360.00)
	≥18	2 328		569.37±61.27	219.36(193.64, 244.71)	195.36(159.29, 223.43)
			t/Z值	-5.70	-1.26	-4.52
			P值	＜0.01	0.21	＜0.01
年级	大一	1 214		570.80±63.15	220.00(194.50, 245.71)	195.71(164.29, 223.75)
	大二	1 208		565.05±61.05	219.29(192.25, 244.29)	195.36(157.54, 225.82)
			t/Z值	2.28	-1.07	-0.46
			P值	0.02	0.29	0.65
办学性质	公办	1 217		562.73±60.67	220.71(194.21, 247.71)	195.00(161.43, 220.93)
	民办	1 205		573.19±63.24	218.57(193.57, 242.79)	195.71(159.36, 228.57)
			t/Z值	4.16	-1.61	-1.33
			P值	＜0.01	0.11	0.18
生源地	城镇	936		564.95±60.03	219.29(190.71, 243.36)	195.86(160.11, 227.14)
	农村	1 486		569.81±63.43	220.00(195.71, 246.86)	195.29(160.64, 224.07)
			t/Z值	-1.88	-2.08	-0.75
			P值	0.06	0.04	0.45
BMI	偏瘦	500		571.65±62.83	217.21(194.29, 242.64)	195.71(154.54, 222.86)
	正常	1 516		567.60±61.20	220.86(194.29, 245.11)	195.36(160.86, 224.43)
	超重	346		566.00±65.95	217.93(192.86, 248.54)	195.93(159.54, 231.79)
	肥胖	60		556.53±57.59	214.71(193.04, 252.86)	201.50(173.21, 230.46)
			F/H值	1.40	1.13	1.03
			P值	0.24	0.77	0.79
学科类别	文史类	321		574.69±58.73	221.14(197.29, 247.50)	200.71(170.29, 233.57)
	理工类	1 163		567.60±66.04	218.57(193.57, 242.00)	195.71(158.57, 228.57)
	医学类	455		562.12±52.51	222.86(192.86, 256.43)	193.71(163.57, 218.57)
	体育类	113		560.19±73.49	209.43(184.64, 232.29)	189.57(114.79, 213.29)
	其他	370		572.65±58.98	220.79(197.86, 245.04)	195.00(161.43, 222.86)
			F^a/H值	3.35	19.13	17.85
			P值	0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
父母最高学历	初中及以下	1 178		568.26±62.53	218.57(194.29, 246.00)	195.00(160.71, 224.57)
	中专/高中	628		569.60±60.47	220.29(194.18, 241.64)	195.93(160.79, 222.86)
	大专及以上	616		565.61±63.22	219.71(192.86, 247.07)	195.71(158.75, 229.86)
			F/H值	0.67	0.14	0.13
			P值	0.51	0.93	0.94

人口学指标	选项	人数	统计值	其他久坐行为	高强度身体活动	中强度身体活动	低强度身体活动
性别	男	1 130		105.21(75.14, 136.32)	54.29(27.14, 86.04)	40.00(22.86, 75.18)	219.00(120.79, 304.71)
	女	1 292		105.71(77.14, 131.14)	40.00(22.43, 70.64)	34.29(17.14, 60.00)	234.79(149.14, 314.29)
			t/Z值	-0.44	-7.19	-5.57	-2.91
			P值	0.66	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
年龄/岁	＜18	94		114.79(77.14, 162.00)	30.00(12.86, 61.46)	21.43(5.54, 42.86)	211.71(82.29, 314.29)
	≥18	2 328		105.21(77.14, 133.39)	47.14(25.71, 79.64)	35.71(21.43, 68.57)	227.00(136.61, 309.86)
			t/Z值	-1.52	-3.93	-5.11	-1.44
			P值	0.13	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.15
年级	大一	1 214		104.93(77.14, 132.32)	48.57(25.71, 77.14)	35.71(20.00, 65.71)	224.29(133.61, 308.71)
	大二	1 208		106.14(77.14, 135.11)	45.71(25.71, 77.14)	34.29(20.71, 68.57)	229.79(137.71, 310.29)
			t/Z值	-0.81	-0.06	-0.10	-0.50
			P值	0.42	0.95	0.92	0.62
办学性质	公办	1 217		102.86(68.57, 130.36)	47.14(25.71, 81.43)	38.57(21.43, 68.57)	236.00(144.29, 311.50)
	民办	1 205		110.00(77.14, 135.71)	47.14(25.71, 77.14)	34.29(18.57, 64.29)	214.43(128.57, 309.29)
			t/Z值	-3.15	-0.82	-3.03	-2.54
			P值	＜0.01	0.41	＜0.01	0.01
生源地	城镇	936		102.86(77.14, 134.14)	42.86(22.86, 77.14)	34.29(18.57, 64.29)	237.07(144.21, 316.18)
	农村	1 486		107.57(77.14, 133.75)	48.57(25.71, 81.43)	37.14(21.43, 68.57)	220.29(129.14, 306.64)
			t/Z值	-1.18	-2.06	-1.88	-2.46
			P值	0.24	0.04	0.06	0.01
BMI	偏瘦	500		110.21(77.14, 135.71)	45.79(25.71, 75.54)	34.29(18.57, 68.57)	219.14(124.79, 316.64)
	正常	1 516		104.29(77.14, 132.25)	47.14(25.71, 81.43)	35.71(20.00, 68.57)	229.07(138.00, 308.21)
	超重	346		102.86(68.21, 133.54)	51.43(25.71, 81.61)	34.29(21.43, 64.29)	229.36(132.29, 311.96)
	肥胖	60		119.50(68.57, 152.32)	38.57(21.79, 67.14)	34.29(22.86, 60.00)	222.64(134.50, 305.50)
			F/H值	6.44	3.99	0.27	0.51
			P值	0.09	0.26	0.97	0.92
学科类别	文史类	321		116.43(77.14, 140.21)	45.71(25.71, 73.64)	31.43(17.14, 51.43)	201.71(117.50, 282.57)
	理工类	1 163		108.57(76.57, 135.00)	51.43(25.71, 81.43)	35.71(21.43, 67.14)	219.00(133.86, 310.14)
	医学类	455		101.43(70.00, 125.57)	34.29(20.00, 62.86)	34.29(18.57, 60.00)	260.57(177.00, 328.57)
	体育类	113		103.57(60.00, 133.29)	90.71(60.00, 122.14)	77.14(40.00, 115.36)	203.71(91.71, 278.64)
	其他	370		106.29(77.14, 133.21)	47.14(25.71, 80.36)	34.43(19.82, 67.29)	231.93(123.14, 321.57)
			F^a/H值	14.83	111.39	67.75	43.91
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
父母最高学历	初中及以下	1 178		106.86(77.14, 134.14)	47.14(25.71, 77.14)	37.14(21.43, 68.57)	219.36(124.18, 315.79)
	中专/高中	628		106.07(76.93, 132.82)	42.86(25.71, 77.14)	34.29(20.00, 64.29)	233.93(159.54, 306.07)
	大专及以上	616		102.86(77.14, 134.14)	45.71(23.00, 81.43)	34.29(18.57, 64.29)	235.21(137.50, 308.50)
			F/H值	0.78	0.32	1.44	2.94
			P值	0.68	0.85	0.49	0.23
注：^a表示使用Welch校正的ANOVA；^b指标以(x±s)描述。

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表 3 大学生24 h活动时间分配潜在类别模型拟合指数(n=2 422)

Table 3. Fit indices of the latent class model for 24-hour activity time allocation among college students(n=2 422)

类别	AIC值	BIC值	aBIC值	Entropy值	P_LMR值	P_BLRT值	条件概率
1	187 825.59	187 906.68	187 862.20	—	—	—	1.00
2	186 348.71	186 476.14	186 406.24	0.87	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.84/0.16
3	185 157.30	185 331.07	185 235.76	0.90	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.75/0.09/0.15
4	184 069.70	184 289.81	184 169.08	0.91	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.07/0.09/0.68/0.16
5	183 250.49	183 516.94	183 370.79	0.82	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.36/0.38/0.09/0.11/0.07
6	182 793.95	183 106.74	182 935.17	0.82	0.12	＜0.01	0.34/0.09/ 0.17/0.07/0.03/0.31

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表 4 不同组别大学生24 h活动时间分配类别分布比较

Table 4. Comparison of the distribution of 24-hour activity time allocation categories among college students from different groups

组别	选项	人数	学屏双高型	低耗休眠型	轻度活跃型	高能动态型	χ²值	P值
年龄/岁	＜18	94	24(25.5)	15(16.0)	47(50.0)	8(8.5)	62.66	＜0.01
	≥18	2 328	144(6.2)	199(8.5)	1 596(68.6)	389(16.7)
年级	大一	1 214	88(7.2)	97(8.0)	837(68.9)	192(15.8)	3.25	0.36
	大二	1 208	80(6.6)	117(9.7)	806(66.7)	205(17.0)
办学性质	公办	1 217	66(5.4)	95(7.8)	836(68.7)	220(18.1)	15.52	＜0.01
	民办	1 205	102(8.5)	119(9.9)	807(67.0)	177(14.7)
生源地	城镇	936	67(7.2)	76(8.1)	645(68.9)	148(15.8)	1.57	0.67
	农村	1 486	101(6.8)	138(9.3)	998(67.2)	249(16.8)
学科类别	文史类	321	35(10.9)	41(12.8)	206(64.2)	39(12.1)	108.46	＜0.01
	理工类	1 163	84(7.2)	105(9.0)	781(67.2)	193(16.6)
	医学类	455	20(4.4)	22(4.8)	357(78.5)	56(12.3)
	体育类	113	5(4.4)	11(9.7)	47(41.6)	50(44.2)
	其他	370	24(6.5)	35(9.5)	252(68.1)	59(15.9)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 5 大学生24 h活动时间分配类别与主动健康水平的Logistic回归分析(n=2 422)

Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of 24-hour activity time allocation categories and active health levels among college students(n=2 422)

自变量	模型1			模型2
自变量	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
高能动态型		1.00			1.00
轻度活跃型	-0.89	0.41(0.32~0.52)	＜0.01	-0.94	0.39(0.31~0.50)	＜0.01
低耗休眠型	-2.36	0.09(0.06~0.14)	＜0.01	-2.34	0.10(0.06~0.15)	＜0.01
学屏双高型	-3.42	0.03(0.02~0.06)	＜0.01	-3.37	0.03(0.02~0.07)	＜0.01
注：模型1未校正混杂因素；模型2校正年龄、办学性质、学科类别、年级、生源地、性别混杂因素。

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