中国民航大学2014—2024年不同营养状况新生体质测试结果分析

申顺发; 彭子叶; 陈学东; 李会超; 赵坤; 裴正存

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025190

中国民航大学2014—2024年不同营养状况新生体质测试结果分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025190

1.
中国民航大学体育工作部，天津 300300
2.
天津大学医学院

基金项目:

2023年度天津市哲学社会科学规划项目 TJTY23-007

详细信息

作者简介:
申顺发(1983-)，男，河北邯郸人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为体育教育

通讯作者:
裴正存，E-mail: peizhengcun@tju.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G804.49 G806
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-27
- 修回日期: 2025-05-22
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-04
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-25

Analysis of physical fitness test results for freshmen with different nutritional status at Civil Aviation University of China from 2014 to 2024

1.
Department of Physical Education, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin (300300), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2014—2024年中国民航大学不同体质量指数(BMI)分组大一新生体质测试(简称“体测”)测数据状况及趋势，为高校学生体质健康监测和干预提供科学依据。方法对中国民航大学2014—2024年全体67 949名大一新生进行普查，体测项目包括肺活量、坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐、50 m跑、立定跳远、引体向上、800/1 000 m跑等。采用世界卫生组织标准将大一新生依据BMI分为低体重、正常体重、超重和肥胖组，使用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较不同性别和BMI分组间各体能指标的差异，使用Mann-Kendall趋势检验检测时间序列中各体能指标的上升或下降趋势。结果 2014—2024年，男、女生肺活量、50 m跑、立定跳远和坐位体前屈在不同BMI分组之间差异均有统计学意义(男生：Z值分别为2 396.40，4 160.33，4 662.23，531.85；女生：Z值分别为593.37，308.86，499.37，128.70)，男生1 000 m跑和引体向上、女生800 m跑和仰卧起坐在不同BMI分组之间差异均有统计学意义(男生：Z值分别为6 574.80，6 880.48；女生：Z值分别为528.56，146.18)(P值均 < 0.01)。2014—2024年，大一新生总体体测成绩呈现下降趋势，超重和肥胖组更明显。2014年男生肺活量高于全国体质调研数据(差值为320 mL)、到2019年差距扩大至734 mL，女生肺活量与全国体质调研数据的差值从2014年的271 mL增长到2019年的576 mL；男生1 000 m跑较2014年和2019年全国体质调研数据分别快23.0和17.5 s，女生800 m跑较2014年和2019年全国体质调研数据分别快22.3和21.5 s。结论该校大一新生体质健康状况在不同BMI分组间存在差异且随时间变化。虽然整体体测成绩高于全国水平，但仍需关注体测成绩下降的趋势。
- 营养状况 /
- 体质 /
- 健康状况 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the status and trends of physical fitness test data among college freshmen with different body mass index (BMI) groups from 2014 to 2024, providing the scientific evidence for monitoring and intervening in college students' physical health. Methods A census was conducted on all 67 949 freshmen at Civil Aviation University of China from 2014 to 2024. Physical tests included vital capacity, sit-and-reach, sit-ups, 50 m sprint, standing long jump, pull-ups, and 800 m/1 000 m run. Freshmen were divided into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to WHO BMI standards. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare differences in physical fitness indicators across gender and BMI groups, while the Mann-Kendall trend test was employed to detect upward or downward trends in physical indicators over time. Results From 2014 to 2024, statistically significant differences were observed in vital capacity, 50 m sprint, standing long jump, and sit-and-reach among different BMI groups for both genders (boy: Z=2 396.40, 4 160.33, 4 662.23, 531.85; girl: Z=593.37, 308.86, 499.37, 128.70). Significant differences were also found in 1 000 m run and pull-ups for boys, and 800 m run and sit-ups for girls across BMI groups (boy: Z=6 574.80, 6 880.48; girl: Z=528.56, 146.18) (P < 0.01). Overall physical test scores showed a declining trend during 2014-2024, particularly pronounced in overweight and obese groups. Male vital capacity in 2014 exceeded national survey data(d=320 mL), with the gap widening to 734 mL by 2019, while the female vital capacity difference increased from 271 mL in 2014 to 576 mL in 2019. Male 1 000 m run times were 23.0 s and 17.5 s faster than national data in 2014 and 2019 respectively, while female 800 m run times were 22.3 s and 21.5 s faster than corresponding national data. Conclusions Physical health status among freshmen at this university varies across BMI groups and changes over time. Although overall test scores remain higher than national levels, the declining trend in physical fitness performance requires attention.
- Nutritional status /
- Body constitution /
- Health status /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 不同BMI分组大一新生2014—2024年肺活量、50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈的变化趋势

Figure 1. Trends in vital capacity, 50-meter dash, static long jump, and sit-and-reach performance among different BMI groups of college freshmen from 2014 to 2024

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同BMI分组大一新生2014—2024年仰卧起坐、引体向上、800/1 000 m跑的变化趋势

Figure 2. Trends in sit-ups, pull-ups, 800/1 000-meter run performance among different BMI groups of college freshmen from 2014 to 2024

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 大一新生2014和2019年体测结果与全国学生体质调研数据比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of physical fitness results among freshmen in college and the national students' physical fitness survey data between 2014 and 2019[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

性别	体测项目	2014年		2019年
性别	体测项目	体测结果	全国体质调研	体测结果	全国体质调研
男	肺活量/mL	4 000.0(2 000.0, 7 500.0)	3 680.0(3 185.0, 4 245.0)	4 570.0(1 470.0, 9 300.0)	3 836.0(3 329.0, 4 413.0)
(n=47 289)	50 m跑/s	7.3(5.9, 13.0)	7.5(7.1, 8.0)	7.4(5.8, 11.2)	7.5(7.1, 8.0)
	立定跳远/cm	237.0(140.0, 338.0)	225.0(210.0, 240.0)	227.0(140.0, 290.0)	221.0(205.0, 238.0)
	坐位体前屈/cm	13.0(0, 30.0)	11.0(5.9, 15.8)	14.0(-15.0, 31.0)	10.8(5.4, 15.9)
	引体向上/个	4.0(0, 30.0)	3.0(1.0, 6.0)	4.0(0, 39.0)	3.0(1.0, 6.0)
	1 000 m跑/s	237.0(181.0, 481.0)	260.0(239.5, 284.5)	241.0(181.0, 421.0)	258.5(237.1, 285.5)
女	肺活量/mL	2 690.0(1 100.0, 7 800.0)	2 419.0(2 054.0, 2 814.0)	3 150.0(1 210.0, 6 000.0)	2 574.0(2 205.0, 2 996.0)
(n=20 660)	50 m跑/s	9.2(6.6, 13.1)	9.5(8.9, 10.2)	9.1(6.2, 13.4)	9.5(8.9, 10.1)
	立定跳远/cm	175.0(108.0, 245.0)	166.0(154.0, 180.0)	174.0(120.0, 230.0)	163.0(150.0, 177.0)
	坐位体前屈/cm	15.0(0, 30.0)	13.7(9.1, 18.1)	17.0(-10.0, 33.0)	14.5(9.6, 19.3)
	仰卧起坐/个	33.0(0, 62.0)	31.0(25.0, 38.0)	36.0(10.0, 64.0)	32.0(26.0, 40.0)
	800 m跑/s	235.0(181.0, 348.0)	257.3(239.7, 280.3)	234.0(181.0, 356.0)	255.5(237.2, 278.3)
注：全国体质调研数据为17~18岁年龄段学生数据。

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表 2 不同BMI分组男、女生各体测指标比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 2. Comparison of various physical fitness indicators among boys and girls under different BMI groups[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	人数	男生
组别	人数	肺活量/mL	50 m跑/s	立定跳远/cm	坐位体前屈/cm	引体向上/个	1 000 m跑/s
低体重	5 430	4 013.5(3 498.5，4 562.8)	7.3(7.0，7.6)	235.0(222.0，249.0)	11.5(7.0，16.0)	6.0(3.0，10.0)	235.0(221.3，247.0)
正常体重	33 523	4 501.0(3 950.0，5 130.0)	7.3(6.9，7.6)	235.0(220.0，249.0)	13.0(9.0，17.0)	4.0(2.0，19.0)	234.0(219.0，247.0)
超重	6 743	4 761.0(4 161.5，5 386.0)	7.6(7.3，8.0)	220.0(208.0，233.0)	12.0(8.0，16.0)	1.0(0，3.0)	253.0(241.0，271.0)
肥胖	1 593	4 852.0(4 215.0，5 450.0)	8.1(7.6，8.5)	208.0(190.0，220.0)	10.0(6.0，15.0)	0(0，1.0)	283.0(259.0，308.0)
Z值		2 396.40	4 160.33	4 662.23	531.85	6 880.48	6 574.80
P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01

组别	人数	女生
组别	人数	肺活量/mL	50 m跑/s	立定跳远/cm	坐位体前屈/cm	仰卧起坐/个	800 m跑/s
低体重	6 140	2 924.0(2 507.0，3 369.0)	9.1(8.6，9.6)	177.0(165.0，188.0)	16.0(12.0，20.0)	36.0(31.0，42.0)	235.0(221.0，247.0)
正常体重	13 574	3 131.0(2 680.0，3 578.0)	9.1(8.7，9.6)	174.0(162.0，185.0)	17.0(13.0，21.0)	37.0(31.0，42.0)	235.0(222.0，248.0)
超重	810	3 377.0(2 908.5，3 801.5)	9.5(9.0，10.0)	163.0(152.0，175.0)	16.0(12.0，19.0)	34.0(29.0，40.0)	248.0(237.0，265.0)
肥胖	136	3 500.0(3 066.0，3 889.3)	9.9(9.4，10.4)	156.5(145.8，170.0)	15.0(10.0，18.0)	30.0(26.8，37.0)	271.5(248.0，299.3)
Z值		593.37	308.86	499.37	128.70	146.18	528.56
P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01

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