安顺市校园周边市售饮料中防腐剂与甜味剂使用现状

刘钰洁; 徐林; 龚玲; 韦刚; 赵连伟; 瞿广胜; 蔡贵香

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025184

安顺市校园周边市售饮料中防腐剂与甜味剂使用现状

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025184

1.
安顺市疾病预防控制中心检验科(安顺市食品安全风险监测重点实验室)，贵州 561000
2.
安顺市食品药品检验所化学室

基金项目:

贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目 gzwkj2022-457

安顺市科技创新平台建设计划项目安市科平[2022]1号

详细信息

作者简介:
刘钰洁(1985-)，女，贵州安顺人，大学本科，主管技师，主要从事食品研究工作

通讯作者:
徐林，E-mail: 1264370866@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R155.5⁺⁹ R153.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-19
- 修回日期: 2025-03-19
- 网络出版日期: 2025-08-02
- 刊出日期: 2025-07-25

Current situation of preservatives and sweeteners usage in beverages sold near schools in Anshun City

1.
Anshun City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Laboratory Department (Anshun Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Monitoring), Anshun 561000, Guizhou Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析安顺市校园周边市售饮料中防腐剂与甜味剂的添加特征及安全风险，为制定校园精准监管策略提供依据。方法 2023年12月—2024年7月，采用分层随机抽样法于安顺市西秀区主城区及周边4个乡镇的中小学周边销售点采集834份市售饮料，采用高效液相色谱法检测3类防腐剂(山梨酸、苯甲酸、脱氢乙酸)及4类甜味剂(糖精钠、安赛蜜、阿斯巴甜、纽甜)含量，通过χ²检验分析其差异。结果防腐剂总超标率为8.6%(72份)，其中脱氢乙酸超标率最高(7.0%，58份)，高于山梨酸(0.6%，5份)与苯甲酸(0.4%，3份)(χ²=90.85)；甜味剂总超标率为10.4%(87份)，糖精钠超标率最高(6.2%，52份)，高于纽甜(2.8%，23份)、安赛蜜(0份)和阿斯巴甜(0份)(χ²=262.04)(P值均 < 0.01)。混合添加剂叠加超标现象存在潜在风险，防腐剂混合超标率为0.7%(6份)，甜味剂混合超标率为1.6%(13份)。微型企业的防腐剂超标率(7.2%，26份)和甜味剂超标率(12.3%，44份)与大中小型企业间差异均无统计学意义(χ²值分别为2.67，5.16，P值均>0.05)。结论学校周边市售饮料存在食品添加剂系统性滥用风险，需建立以风险溯源为核心的监管体系，加强企业生产规范及校园周边销售终端管控。
- 饮料 /
- 食品防腐剂 /
- 甜味剂 /
- 合格鉴定
Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics and safety risks of preservatives and sweeteners in beverages sold near schools in Anshun City, so as to provide a evidence for formulating targeted regulatory strategies in campus. Methods From December 2023 to July 2024, 834 beverage samples were collected from sales points near primary and secondary schools in Xixiu District and four surrounding townships of Anshun City by a stratified random sampling method. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect three preservatives (sorbic acid, benzoic acid and dehydroacetic acid) and four sweeteners (sodium saccharin, acesulfame-K, aspartame, and neotame). Differences were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results The overall exceedance rate of preservative was 8.6% (72 samples), with dehydroacetic acid showing the highest exceedance rate (7.0%, 58 samples), significantly higher than sorbic acid (0.6%, 5 samples) and benzoic acid (0.4%, 3 samples) (χ²=90.85, P < 0.01). The overall exceedance rate of sweetener was 10.4% (87 samples), with sodium saccharin having the highest exceedance rate (6.2%, 52 samples), significantly higher than neotame (2.8%, 23 samples), acesulfame-K (0) and aspartame (0) (χ²=262.04, P < 0.01). Potential risks were identified due to the co-occurrence of multiple additive exceedances, including 0.7% (6 samples) for mixed preservatives and 1.6% (13 samples) for mixed sweetener. No statistically significant differences were found in preservative (7.2%, 26 samples) or sweetener (12.3%, 44 samples) exceedance rates between micro-enterprises and large, medium and small enterprises (χ²=2.67, 5.16, both P>0.05). Conclusion Systemic misuse risk of food additives in beverages sold near school necessitates a risk-traceability-based regulatory framework, with emphasis on standardizing enterprise production practices and strengthening oversight of sales outlets near campuses.
- Beverages /
- Food preservatives /
- Sweetening agents /
- Eligibility determination
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 校园周边饮料防腐剂及甜味剂检测结果(n=834)

Table 1. Detection results of preservatives and sweeteners in beverages around campus(n=834)

名称	选项	统计值	检出数	超标数
防腐剂	山梨酸		324(38.8)	5(0.6)
	苯甲酸		306(36.7)	3(0.4)
	脱氢乙酸		58(7.0)	58(7.0)
	防腐剂混合		172(20.6)	6(0.7)
		χ²值	265.80	90.85
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
甜味剂	糖精钠		52(6.2)	52(6.2)
	安赛蜜		388(46.5)	0
	阿斯巴甜		179(21.5)	0
	纽甜		35(4.2)	23(2.8)
	甜味剂混合		167(20.0)	13(1.6)
		χ²值	605.45	262.04
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：()内数字为检出率或超标率/%。

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表 2 不同类型企业生产饮料中防腐剂及甜味剂检测结果

Table 2. Detection results of preservatives and sweeteners in beverages of different types produced by enterprises

企业类型	样品数	防腐剂		甜味剂
企业类型	样品数	检出数	超标数	检出数	超标数
大型	46	24(52.2)	6(13.0)	18(39.1)	4(8.7)
中型	191	91(47.6)	16(8.4)	86(45.0)	12(6.3)
小型	238	132(55.5)	24(10.1)	119(50.0)	27(11.3)
微型	359	256(71.3)	26(7.2)	252(70.2)	44(12.3)
注：()内数字为检出率或超标率/%。

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