中国营养改善计划地区中小学生2021与2023年健康相关生活方式分析

王晓宁; 由文烁; 曹薇; 王宏亮; 陈慕磊; 罗瑞鹤; 杨媞媞; 刘瑶; 潘慧; 张建芬; 甘倩; 徐培培; 张倩; 许娟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025178

文章导航 > 中国学校卫生 > 2025 > 46(6): 788-791

王晓宁, 由文烁, 曹薇, 王宏亮, 陈慕磊, 罗瑞鹤, 杨媞媞, 刘瑶, 潘慧, 张建芬, 甘倩, 徐培培, 张倩, 许娟. 中国营养改善计划地区中小学生2021与2023年健康相关生活方式分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2025, 46(6): 788-791. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025178

引用本文:

WANG Xiaoning, YOU Wenshuo, CAO Wei, WANG Hongliang, CHEN Mulei, LUO Ruihe, YANG Titi, LIU Yao, PAN Hui, ZHANG Jianfen, GAN Qian, XU Peipei, ZHANG Qian, XU Juan. Analysis of health-related lifestyles among primary and secondary school students in nutrition improvement program regions of China between 2021 and 2023[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(6): 788-791. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025178

Citation:

WANG Xiaoning, YOU Wenshuo, CAO Wei, WANG Hongliang, CHEN Mulei, LUO Ruihe, YANG Titi, LIU Yao, PAN Hui, ZHANG Jianfen, GAN Qian, XU Peipei, ZHANG Qian, XU Juan. Analysis of health-related lifestyles among primary and secondary school students in nutrition improvement program regions of China between 2021 and 2023[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(6): 788-791. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025178

引用本文:

Citation:

WANG Xiaoning, YOU Wenshuo, CAO Wei, WANG Hongliang, CHEN Mulei, LUO Ruihe, YANG Titi, LIU Yao, PAN Hui, ZHANG Jianfen, GAN Qian, XU Peipei, ZHANG Qian, XU Juan. Analysis of health-related lifestyles among primary and secondary school students in nutrition improvement program regions of China between 2021 and 2023[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(6): 788-791. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025178

中国营养改善计划地区中小学生2021与2023年健康相关生活方式分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025178

王晓宁¹,
由文烁¹,
曹薇^{1, 2},
王宏亮¹,
陈慕磊³,
罗瑞鹤¹,
杨媞媞¹,
刘瑶⁴,
潘慧¹,
张建芬¹,
甘倩¹,
徐培培¹,
张倩^{1, 3},
许娟^1, ,

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所，北京 100050
2.
国家卫生健康委员会公共营养与健康重点实验室
3.
中国疾病预防控制中心教育培训处
4.
中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生管理处

基金项目:

国家财政项目“学生营养健康状况及相关疾病防控项目” 102393220020070000015

详细信息

作者简介:
王晓宁(1999-)，女，河北省人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学生营养与健康

通讯作者:
许娟，E-mail: xujuan@ninh.chinacdc.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R153.2 R127
计量
- 文章访问数: 6
- HTML全文浏览量: 5
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-24
- 修回日期: 2025-05-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-04
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-25

Analysis of health-related lifestyles among primary and secondary school students in nutrition improvement program regions of China between 2021 and 2023

1.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析中国2021与2023年农村义务教育学生营养改善计划(NIPRCES)地区中小学生不健康生活方式的特点，为改善中小学生生活方式、促进中小学生健康成长提供数据支持。方法采用整群随机抽样方法收集2021及2023年中国NIPRCES营养与健康监测中7~15岁中小学生数据，分析不同性别、学段、城乡、地区中小学生身体活动不足、户外活动不足、视屏时长超标、睡眠不足等不健康生活方式的流行特征，采用χ²检验比较2021与2023年中小学生上述指标报告率的变化。结果 2021和2023年，中小学生中高强度身体活动不足报告率分别为79.2%和80.4%；户外活动不足报告率分别为42.8%和49.3%；视屏时长超标率分别为2.6%和2.9%；睡眠不足报告率分别为32.9%和22.6%，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为51.86，1 071.48，18.36，3 296.99，P < 0.05)；其中2023年中小学生户外活动不足报告率比2021年增加6.5百分点，睡眠不足报告率较2021年下降10.3百分点。2021和2023年，女生、初中生中高强度身体活动不足、户外活动不足及睡眠不足报告率均高于男生(χ²值分别为174.41，180.11；175.75，85.46；92.22，151.35)、小学生(χ²值分别为136.64，5.75；40.55，4.71；162.80，3 291.61)；城镇学生中高强度身体活动不足(χ²值分别为194.43，118.60)及睡眠不足报告率(χ²值分别为969.66，983.72)均高于乡村学生；男生、初中生视屏时长超标报告率均高于女生(χ²值分别为103.62，84.85)、小学生(χ²值分别为810.09，626.51)；从地区分布来看，中、西部地区中小学生中高强度身体活动不足、户外活动不足及视屏时长超标报告率均低于东部地区(χ²值分别为663.44, 302.78；356.97, 82.10；50.89, 81.83)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论中国NIPRCES地区中小学生不健康生活方式较为普遍。应促进中小学生健康生活方式政策措施的落实，帮助其建立健康生活方式。
- 营养调查 /
- 生活方式 /
- 农村人口 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the features of unhealthy lifestyle patterns among primary and secondary school students in the nutrition improvement program for rural compulsory education students (NIPRCES) areas in China in 2021 and 2023, so as to provide data support for lifestyle promotion and healthy development among primary and secondary school students. Methods Adopting a cluster random sampling method, data on primary and secondary students aged 7-15 years from nutrition and health surveillance of China NIPRCES in 2021 and 2023 were collected. The prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among primary and secondary students such as physical inactivity, outdoor inactivity, excessive screen time, and sleep deprivation by gender, school section, urban/rural, and region were analyzed. The reporting rates of the above indicators among primary and secondary students were compared by Chi-square test. Results In 2021 and 2023, the rates of moderate to vigorous physical inactivity among primary and secondary school students were 79.2% and 80.4%, the rates of outdoor inactivity were 42.8% and 49.3%, the rates of excessive video time were 2.6% and 2.9%, the rates of sleep deprivation were 32.9% and 22.6%, and the differences were statistically significant(χ²=51.86, 1 071.48, 18.36, 3 296.99, P < 0.05). In 2023, the rate of outdoor inactivity for primary and secondary students increased by 6.5 percentage points compared with 2021, and the rate of sleep deprivation decreased by 10.3 percentage points compared with that in 2021. In 2021 and 2023, the reporting rates of moderate to vigorous physical inactivity, outdoor inactivity, and sleep deprivation among girls and junior high school students were higher than those among boys (χ²=174.41, 180.11; 175.75, 85.46;92.22, 151.35) and elementary school students (χ²=136.64, 5.75; 40.55, 4.71;162.80, 3 291.61); the reporting rates of moderate to vigorous physical inactivity(χ²=194.43, 118.60) and sleep deprivation (χ²=969.66, 983.72) among urban students were higher than those among rural students; the reporting rates of excessive video time for boys and junior high school students were higher than those for girls (χ²=103.62, 84.85) and elementary school students (χ²=810.09, 626.51)(P < 0.05). From a regional distribution perspective, the reporting rates of moderato to vigorous physical inactivity, outdoor inactivity, and excessive video time among primary and seconday school students in the central and western regions were lower than those in the eastern region (χ²= 663.44, 302.78; 356.97, 82.10;50.89, 81.83) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Unhealthy lifestyles remain prevalent among primary and secondary students in NIPRCES areas of China. These findings underscore the need to strengthen policy implementation for promoting healthy lifestyles among primary and secondary school students.
- Nutrition surveys /
- Life style /
- Rural population /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 农村营养改善计划地区学生2021和2023年健康相关生活方式报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of health-related lifestyle reporting rates for students from NIPRCES areas, 2021 and 2023

组别	选项	统计值	2021年					2023年
组别	选项	统计值	人数	中高强度身体活动不足	户外活动不足	视屏时长超标	睡眠不足	人数	中高强度身体活动不足	户外活动不足	视屏时长超标	睡眠不足
性别	男		68 055	52 927(77.8)	27 893(41.0)	2 074(3.0)	21 564(31.7)	59 307	46 756(78.8)	28 431(47.9)	2 003(3.4)	12 518(21.1)
	女		66 821	53 919(80.7)	29 774(44.6)	1 446(2.2)	22 815(34.1)	57 676	47 268(81.9)	29 208(50.6)	1 424(2.5)	13 909(24.1)
		χ²值		174.41	175.75	103.62	92.22		180.11	85.46	84.85	151.35
		P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
学段	小学		78 704	61 489(78.1)	33 080(42.0)	1 231(1.6)	24 811(31.5)	67 814	54 344(80.1)	33 596(49.5)	1 274(1.9)	11 269(16.6)
	初中		56 172	45 357(80.7)	24 587(43.8)	2 289(4.1)	19 568(34.8)	49 169	39 680(80.7)	24 043(48.9)	2 153(4.4)	15 158(30.8)
		χ²值		136.64	40.55	810.09	162.80		5.75	4.71	626.51	3 291.61
		P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01		0.02	0.03	＜0.01	＜0.01
学校所在地	城镇		40 578	33 098(81.6)	18 363(45.3)	1 072(2.6)	15 816(39.0)	33 022	27 207(82.4)	16 325(49.4)	829(2.5)	9 479(28.7)
学校所在地	乡村		94 298	73 748(78.2)	39 304(41.7)	2 448(2.6)	28 563(30.3)	83 961	66 817(79.6)	41 314(49.2)	2 598(3.1)	16 948(20.2)
		χ²值		194.43	147.97	0.13	969.66		118.60	0.50	28.41	983.72
		P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	0.72	＜0.01		＜0.01	0.48	＜0.01	＜0.01
地区	东部		22 887	18 877(82.5)	10 035(43.8)	752(3.3)	8 068(35.3)	16 331	13 556(83.0)	8 430(51.6)	659(4.0)	4 126(25.3)
	中部		47 687	38 938(81.7)	21 800(45.7)	1 212(2.6)	17 422(36.5)	32 935	27 206(82.6)	16 574(50.3)	894(2.7)	8 150(24.7)
	西部		64 302	49 031(76.3)	25 832(40.2)	1 556(2.4)	18 889(29.4)	67 717	53 262(78.6)	32 635(48.2)	1 874(2.8)	14 151(20.9)
		χ²值		663.44	356.97	50.89	704.40		302.78	82.10	81.83	265.30
		P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
合计			134 876	106 846(79.2)	57 667(42.8)	3 520(2.6)	44 379(32.9)	116 983	94 024(80.4)	57 639(49.3)	3 427(2.9)	26 427(22.6)
注：( )内数字为报告率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(29)

[1]	陈力, 张奕, 陈曼曼, 等. 中国汉族儿童和青少年人群不健康生活方式流行现状研究[J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2022, 50(12): 1177-1185. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220826-00648 CHEN L, ZHANG Y, CHEN M M, et al. Prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle among children and adolescents of Han nationality in China[J]. Chin J Cardiol, 2022, 50(12): 1177-1185. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220826-00648
[2]	SAMPASA-KANYINGA H, COLMAN I, HAMILTON H A, et al. Outdoor physical activity, compliance with the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations, and excess weight among adolescents[J]. Obes Sci Pract, 2020, 6(2): 196-206. doi: 10.1002/osp4.389
[3]	FANG K, MU M, LU K, et al. Screen time and childhood over- weight/obesity: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Child Care Health Dev, 2019, 45(5): 744-753. doi: 10.1111/cch.12701
[4]	HU B Y, JOHNSON G K, TEO T, et al. Relationship between screen time and Chinese children's cognitive and social development[J]. J Res Child Educ, 2020, 34(2): 183-207. doi: 10.1080/02568543.2019.1702600
[5]	ZHANG Y S, HUANG Z G, ZHANG M, et al. Sleep status among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years-China, 2016-2017[J]. China CDC Weekly, 2023, 5(1): 11-16. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.003
[6]	张云婷, 马生霞, 陈畅, 等. 中国儿童青少年身体活动指南[J]. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2017, 12(6): 401-409. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2017.06.001 ZHANG Y T, MA S X, CHEN C, et al. Physical activity guidelines for Chinese children and youth[J]. Chin J Evid Based Pediatr, 2017, 12(6): 401-409. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2017.06.001
[7]	中国营养学会. 中国学龄儿童膳食指南(2022)[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2022. Chinese Nutrition Society. Dietary guidelines for school-aged children in China(2022)[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2022. (in Chinese)
[8]	WHITING S, BUONCRISTIANO M, GELIUS P, et al. Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration of children aged 6-9 years in 25 countries: an analysis within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) 2015-2017[J]. Obes Facts, 2021, 14(1): 32-44. doi: 10.1159/000511263
[9]	HOWIE E K, JOOSTEN J, HARRIS C J, et al. Associations between meeting sleep, physical activity or screen time behaviour guidelines and academic performance in Australian school children[J]. BMC Public Health, 2020, 20(1): 520. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08620-w
[10]	ZHANG Y J, ZHANG X F, LI J, et al. Associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity: findings from rural Chinese adolescents with relatively low adiposity risks[J]. BMC Public Health, 2020, 20(1): 1769. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09897-7
[11]	成雪, 于冬梅, 赵丽云, 等. 2016-2017年中国各省中小学生电子屏幕使用现状[J]. 卫生研究, 2023, 52(3): 382-387. CHENG X, YU D M, ZHAO L Y, et al. Current situation of screen time among Chinese primary and middle school students from 2016 to 2017[J]. J Hyg Res, 2023, 52(3): 382-387. (in Chinese)
[12]	周斯亮, 李星秀, 顾昉, 等. 浙江省2017-2019年中小学生睡眠时长与体质量指数关联的追踪调查[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(6): 847-850. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.012 ZHOU S L, LI X X, GU F, et al. A follow-up study on the correlation between sleep duration and body mass index in primary and middle school students in Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2019[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(6): 847-850. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.06.012
[13]	苏彦萍, 张国峰, 王艳春, 等. 北京市通州区中小学生身体活动及静态行为与超重肥胖的关系[J]. 预防医学论坛, 2022, 28(7): 497-503, 533. SU Y P, ZHANG G F, WANG Y C, et al. Association of physical activity, sedentary behavior and obesity among middle and primary school students, Tongzhou District, Beijing City[J]. Prev Med Trib, 2022, 28(7): 497-503, 533. (in Chinese)
[14]	刘雅倩, 陈艳, 李鹏, 等. 舟山市初中生睡眠状况及其与视力不良的关系[J]. 中国初级卫生保健, 2022, 36(2): 82-85. LIU Y Q, CHEN Y, LI P, et al. Sleep status and its relationship with poor vision among junior high school students in Zhoushan[J]. Chin Prim Health Care, 2022, 36(2): 82-85. (in Chinese)
[15]	ZHANG Z, DONG B, LI S, et al. Exposure to ambient particulate matter air pollution, blood pressure and hypertension in children and adolescents: a national cross-sectional study in China[J]. Environ Int, 2019, 128: 103-108. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.036
[16]	中华人民共和国教育部办公厅关于进一步加强中小学生睡眠管理工作的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-03-30)[2025-03-10]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3321/202104/t20210401_523901.html.
[17]	陶晶, 朱美文, 韩小丽, 等. 上海市崇明区中小学生身体活动与久坐行为调查分析[J]. 教育生物学杂志, 2024, 12(2): 92-100, 104. TAO J, ZHU M W, HAN X L, et al. Investigation and analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior of primary and middle school students in Chongming District, Shanghai[J]. J Bio-Educ, 2024, 12(2): 92-100, 104. (in Chinese)
[18]	LAGO-BALLESTEROS J, GARC ÍA-PASCUAL M, GONZÁLEZ-VALEIRO M Á, et al. Gender influences on physical activity awareness of adolescents and their parents[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, 18(11): 5707. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115707
[19]	WHEREON A G J S, COOPER A C, CROFT J B. Short sleep duration among middle school and high school students-United States 2015[J]. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2018, 67(3): 85-90. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6703a1
[20]	秦孝俊. 中学男女生课余体育锻炼意识和行为的差异性研究[J]. 桂林师范高等专科学校学报, 2011, 25(3): 140-143. QIN X J. A study of the differences in awareness and behavior of after-school physical activity among male and female secondary school students[J]. J Guilin Norm Coll, 2011, 25(3): 140-143. (in Chinese)
[21]	BEZERRA A G, ANDERSEN M L, PIRES G N, et al. Hormonal contraceptive use and subjective sleep reports in women: an online survey[J]. J Sleep Res, 2020, 29(6): e12983. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12983
[22]	TANDON P S, ZHOU C, SALLIS J F, et al. Home environment relationships with children's physical activity, sedentary time, and screen time by socioeconomic status[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2012, 9: 88. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-88
[23]	CROUCH E, ABSHIRE D A, WIRTH M D, et al. Rural-urban differences in overweight and obesity, physical activity, and food security among children and adolescents[J]. Prev Chronic Dis, 2023, 20: E92.
[24]	KUHN A, WANG Y, DEITCH R, et al. Ecological momentary assessment of momentary associations between availability of physical activity space and physical activity opportunities among children from rural, urban, and suburban locales[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2024, 21(12): 1586. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21121586
[25]	宋超, 宫伟彦, 丁彩翠, 等. 中国2010-2012年6~17岁儿童青少年睡眠状况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2017, 38(9): 1288-1290. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.09.003 SONG C, GONG W Y, DING C C, et al. Sleep duration among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2017, 38(9): 1288-1290. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.09.003
[26]	LEE E Y, KHAN A, UDDIN R, et al. Six-year trends and intersectional correlates of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines among south Korean adolescents: Korea youth risk behavior surveys, 2013-2018[J]. J Sport Health Sci, 2023, 12(2): 255-265. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.001
[27]	SCULLY M, GASCOYNE C, WAKEFIELD M, et al. Prevalence and trends in Australian adolescents' adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines: findings from a repeated national cross-sectional survey[J]. BMC Public Health, 2022, 22(1): 105. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12387-z
[28]	周琪, 刘亚鹏, 李丽. 徐州市中学生失眠现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国校医, 2017, 31(12): 890-891, 893. ZHOU Q, LIU Y P, LI L, et al. Insomnia status and influencing factors among middle school students in Xuzhou City[J]. Chin J School Doctor, 2017, 31(12): 890-891, 893. (in Chinese)
[29]	BARNES C, MECRABB S, STACEY F, et al. Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review[J]. Transl Behav Med, 2021, 11(7): 1365-1410. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibab037