武汉市2019—2023年8~10岁儿童碘营养状况

王帅; 陈芳; 杨燕; 罗华堂; 刘聪; 徐文秀

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025175

武汉市2019—2023年8~10岁儿童碘营养状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025175

武汉市疾病预防控制中心血吸虫病与地方病防制所，湖北 430021

基金项目:

武汉市卫生健康委科研基金项目 WG20Q02

详细信息

作者简介:
王帅(1993-)，男，湖北钟祥人，硕士，主管技师，主要从事寄生虫病与地方病防控工作

通讯作者:
杨燕，E-mail：767109631@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R153.2 TQ124.6⁺¹
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-02
- 修回日期: 2025-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-04
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-25

Iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023

Institute of Schistosomiasis and Endemic Disease Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan (430021), Hubei Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2019—2023年武汉市儿童碘营养状况，评价武汉市重点人群碘缺乏病防治效果，为持续巩固消除碘缺乏病成果提供参考依据。方法 2019—2023年，采用分层随机抽样方法从武汉市13个区抽取13 000名8~10岁非寄宿小学生，采集学生家庭食用盐检测盐碘，采集一次随机尿样检测学生尿碘，采用B超测量学生甲状腺容积。计算盐碘中位数、碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、尿碘中位数、甲状腺肿大率(简称“甲肿率”)等指标，采用χ²检验、Mann-whitney U检验及Kruskal-Wallis H检验对组间进行比较，采用χ²趋势检验分析武汉市儿童碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、甲肿率变化趋势。结果武汉市儿童食用碘盐中位数为23.8(21.7，26.1)mg/kg，碘盐覆盖率为98.7%，合格碘盐食用率为94.5%。2019—2023年合格碘盐食用率整体呈现上升趋势(χ_趋势²=5.57，P＜0.05)。儿童尿碘中位数为220.1(136.7，326.0)μg/L，其中男童尿碘水平高于女童；郊区儿童尿碘水平高于城区(Z值分别为6.60，11, 00，P值均＜0.01)。对其中4 600名儿童进行甲状腺B超检查，2019—2023年儿童甲肿率范围为1.1%~3.4%，平均甲肿率为2.5%，呈现整体下降趋势(χ_趋势²=5.11，P＜0.05)。结论武汉市儿童碘营养充足，碘营养状况良好。应持续开展人群碘营养监测与评估工作，引导群众科学补碘，维持儿童碘适宜水平。
- 碘 /
- 营养状况 /
- 儿童 /
- 合格鉴定
Abstract: Objective To explore the iodine nutrition status of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023, and to evaluate the effect of iodine deficiency disorders control in focus groups in Wuhan, so as to provide a basis for consolidating elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods A total of 13 000 non-boarding primary school students aged 8-10 were selected from 13 districts of Wuhan by stratified random sampling method.Household salt samples were collected to measure salt iodine content, random urine samples were analyzed for urinary iodine concentration. And B-ultrasound was used to measure thyroid volume in students. The median of salt iodine, coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, median of urinary iodine, and the goiter rate were calculated. And Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Chi-square test were applied to compare between groups. Chi-square trend test was used to analyze the changing trends of coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt and goiter rate among children in Wuhan. Results The median of iodine content of children's household salt was 23.8 (21.7, 26.1) mg/kg, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.7%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.5%. The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt showed an overall upward trend from 2019 to 2023 (χ_trend²=5.57, P < 0.05). The median of urinary iodine of children was 220.1 (136.7, 326.0) μg/L, and boys had higher median of urinary iodine than girls (Z=6.60, P < 0.01). The median of urinary iodine of children in suburbs was higher than those in urban areas (Z=11.00, P < 0.01). A total of 4 600 children were examined for thyroid volume, and the range of goiter rates were 1.1% to 3.4%, with an average goiter rate of 2.5%, which showed an overall downward trend from 2019 to 2023 (χ_trend²=5.11, P < 0.05). Conclusions The iodine nutrition is sufficient and iodine nutrition status is good among children in Wuhan. It should continue to carry out monitoring and evaluation of children's iodine nutrition, guide the public to supplement iodine scientifically, so as to maintain the appropriate level of iodine for children.
- Iodine /
- Nutritional status /
- Child /
- Eligibility detemination
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 武汉市2019—2023年儿童碘盐食用情况

Table 1. Iodized salt consumption of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023

组别	选项	份数	碘盐覆盖数	合格碘盐食用数
年份	2019	2 600	2 569(98.8)	2 434(93.6)
	2020	2 600	2 555(98.3)	2 429(93.4)
	2021	2 600	2 564(98.6)	2 482(95.5)
	2022	2 600	2 577(99.1)	2 488(95.7)
	2023	2 600	2 567(98.7)	2 448(94.2)
年龄/岁	≤8	2 356	2 318(98.4)	2 228(94.6)
	9	5 494	5 430(98.8)	5 213(94.9)
	≥10	5 150	5 084(98.7)	4 840(94.0)
性别	男	6 614	6 530(98.7)	6 261(94.7)
	女	6 386	6 302(98.7)	6 020(94.3)
地区	市区	7 000	6 879(98.3)	6 615(94.5)
	郊区	6 000	5 953(99.2)	5 666(94.4)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 武汉市2019—2023年儿童盐碘及尿检测结果[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 2. Salt iodine and urinary iodine test results of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	选项	份数	盐碘/(mg·kg^-1)	尿碘/(μg·L^-1)
年份	2019	2 600	23.5(21.1，26.0)	244.4(147.5，359.2)
	2020	2 600	24.7(22.6，26.7)	210.2(130.4，308.0)
	2021	2 600	24.1(21.8，26.5)	231.9(140.3，349.3)
	2022	2 600	23.8(22.0，26.2)	211.7(131.2，302.8)
	2023	2 600	23.0(21.5，24.9)	209.3(136.1，307.8)
年龄/岁	≤8	2 356	24.3(22.1，26.4)	222.2(137.8，327.2)
	9	5 494	23.8(21.8，26.1)	216.8(134.0，322.6)
	≥10	5 150	23.6(21.5，25.9)	222.0(138.9，330.4)
性别	男	6 614	23.8(21.7，26.2)	228.3(143.2，336.0)
	女	6 386	23.7(21.7，26.0)	210.2(129.1，315.7)
地区	市区	7 000	23.2(21.1，25.4)	207.1(124.5，309.8)
	郊区	6 000	24.5(22.4，26.8)	236.3(150.7，342.2)

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表 3 武汉市不同行政区2019—2023年儿童尿碘检测结果[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)，μg/L]

Table 3. Urinary iodine test results of children in different districts of Wuhan from 2019 to 2023[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), μg/L]

行政区	2019年	2020年	2021年	2022年	2023年
蔡甸区	306.0(221.6，406.4)	229.5(168.0，316.1)	255.4(170.8，342.2)	286.8(211.7，395.2)	247.8(181.9，296.5)
汉南区	337.0(216.3，459.8)	286.0(200.5，392.0)	176.0(112.0，273.0)	208.0(143.8，280.5)	237.5(148.5，334.8)
汉阳区	159.5(97.3，250.3)	175.1(119.0，248.7)	146.1(66.1，256.4)	210.3(82.8，344.4)	198.4(116.6，301.0)
洪山区	281.4(201.1，434.4)	154.5(103.7，226.5)	301.3(226.7，428.5)	269.2(229.8，345.0)	196.2(121.4，279.8)
黄陂区	221.1(105.4，295.2)	228.0(158.7，309.7)	243.6(147.7，399.8)	183.2(117.2，254.2)	232.6(170.2，322.4)
江岸区	158.2(95.5，227.9)	160.0(88.0，235.7)	242.1(141.6，359.6)	172.1(119.3，239.6)	163.8(111.3，259.3)
江汉区	277.0(174.0，395.4)	180.7(99.0，257.3)	215.4(141.3，300.5)	208.7(134.0，289.3)	202.5(120.1，301.2)
江夏区	293.6(196.5，443.0)	287.8(179.6，394.8)	193.0(112.4，306.4)	110.0(62.1，180.9)	185.4(136.0，316.5)
硚口区	239.8(151.3，332.7)	132.0(69.8，222.8)	192.5(130.0，329.0)	166.5(97.0，259.7)	173.0(94.7，291.8)
青山区	252.0(161.5，394.4)	272.5(198.9，460.4)	302.7(196.9，414.6)	240.0(136.4，403.3)	192.3(123.6，274.2)
武昌区	234.5(130.4，294.3)	234.1(162.3，327.0)	224.9(135.1，341.8)	222.3(150.0，300.2)	144.2(73.4，211.8)
东西湖区	179.0(99.5，269.0)	160.6(93.1，251.8)	298.2(171.6，382.1)	199.7(134.2，262.8)	220.8(152.2，358.5)
新洲区	275.8(182.4，407.7)	254.0(174.5，365.1)	216.5(161.6，318.3)	249.1(173.9，322.2)	351.5(259.5，450.8)

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表 4 武汉市2019—2023年不同组别儿童甲肿率比较

Table 4. Comparison of thyroid volume examination rates of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023 of different groups

组别	选项	人数	甲肿人数	χ²值	P值
年份	2019	1 000	30(3.0)	12.68	0.01
	2020	1 000	34(3.4)
	2021	600	14(2.3)
	2022	1 000	11(1.1)
	2023	1 000	24(2.4)
性别	男	2 315	50(2.2)	1.71	0.19
	女	2 285	63(2.8)
年龄/岁	≤8	1 027	28(2.7)	0.62	0.74
	9	1 970	49(2.5)
	≥10	1 603	36(2.2)
地区	城区	2 800	72(2.6)	0.39	0.53
	郊区	1 800	41(2.3)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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