体力活动与中学生睡眠质量的关联

刘媛; 张婷; 尹小俭; 吴慧攀; 王进贤; 张颖坤; 郭亚茹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025174

体力活动与中学生睡眠质量的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025174

刘媛¹,
张婷^2, ,,
尹小俭^{3, 4},
吴慧攀⁵,
王进贤⁶,
张颖坤⁷,
郭亚茹⁴

1.
上海大学体育学院，上海 200438
2.
宿州学院体育学院
3.
华东理工大学体育科学与工程学院
4.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
5.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
6.
中北大学体育学院
7.
山西医科大学公共卫生学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目 82373595

宿州学院博士科研启动基金项目 2024BSK004

详细信息

作者简介:
刘媛(1993-)，女，江苏连云港人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为体质与健康科学

通讯作者:
张婷，E-mail: noway1982@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 Q428 G806
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-07
- 修回日期: 2025-05-25
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-04
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-25

Association between physical activity and sleep quality among middle school students

1.
Physical Education College of Shanghai University, Shanghai (200438), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨体力活动与中学生睡眠质量之间的关联，为改善青少年睡眠提供参考依据。方法 2023年9—12月，采用分层整群随机抽样法从上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐抽取5 713名13~18岁中学生进行调查。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、《7岁~18岁儿童青少年体力活动水平评价》进行睡眠质量和体力活动调查和评估。组间比较采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验，采用Spearman相关和线性回归方法分析体力活动与中学生睡眠质量之间的关联。结果男生的PSQI总分为[4.0(2.0, 6.0)]分，女生为[5.0(3.0, 6.0)]分，差异有统计学意义(Z=-10.90, P < 0.01)；男生的低强度体力活动(LPA)、中高强度体力活动(MVPA)时间分别为18.57(2.86，42.86)，68.57(35.71，119.18)min，女生分别为14.29(0.00，30.00)，55.71(31.43，92.86)min，差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为3.65，-8.65, P值均 < 0.01)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示，中学生的MVPA与PSQI总分呈负相关(r=-0.04, P < 0.01)。线性回归分析结果显示，控制心理健康、营养状况和最大摄氧量等变量后，PSQI总分对中学生MVPA具有负向预测作用(B=-4.76，95%CI=-7.16~-2.36，P < 0.05)。结论中学生体力活动时间越长，睡眠质量越好。
- 运动活动 /
- 睡眠 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the association between physical activity and sleep quality among middle school students, so as to provide reference for adolescent sleep improvement. Methods From September to December 2023, 5 713 middle school students aged 13-18 years were selected from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi and Urumqi by stratified cluster random sampling method. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Evaluation of Physical Activity Levels of Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years were used to investigate and evaluate sleep quality and physical activity. Comparisons between groups were made using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and associations between physical activity and sleep quality of middle school students were analyzed using Spearman correlation and linear regression methods. Results The total PSQI scores were 4.0(2.0, 6.0) and 5.0(3.0, 6.0) for boys and girls, respectively, with significant sex difference (Z=-10.90, P < 0.01); light physical activity(LPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) of boys were 18.57 (2.86, 42.86) and 68.57 (35.71, 119.18)min, and girls were 14.29 (0.00, 30.00) and 55.71 (31.43, 92.86)min respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (Z=3.65, -8.65, P < 0.01). The results of Spearman correlation regression showed that adolescents' MVPA was negatively correlated with the total PSQI score (r=-0.04, P < 0.01). After controlling for variables such as mental health, nutritional status and maximum oxygen uptake, the results of linear regression analysis showed that PSQI total score negatively predicted MVPA among middle school students (B=-4.76, 95%CI=-7.16 to -2.36, P < 0.05). Conclusion The longer the duration of physical activity among middle school students, the better the quality of sleep.
- Motor activity /
- Sleep /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同年龄男女生睡眠质量与体力活动时间比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of sleep quality and duration of physical activity between boys and girls in different age groups[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	PSQI总分	LPA/min	MVPA/min
13	男	634		3.0(2.0，5.0)	22.86(4.82，44.96)	95.71(52.86，151.50)
	女	631		4.0(3.0，6.0)	17.14(5.71，38.57)	73.57(45.57，115.71)
			Z值	-5.04	1.47	-5.27
			P值	＜0.01	0.03	＜0.01
14	男	710		4.0(2.0，6.0)	17.14(1.43，42.86)	80.00(42.86，126.43)
	女	652		4.0(3.0，6.0)	14.29(1.43，30.00)	65.21(35.07，104.29)
			Z值	-5.11	1.80	-4.36
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
15	男	394		4.0(2.0，6.0)	16.79(2.57，38.57)	75.71(36.25，126.61)
	女	358		5.0(3.0，7.0)	9.29(0.00，21.43)	59.14(33.21，97.21)
			Z值	-5.09	2.44	-3.25
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
16	男	387		5.0(3.0，6.0)	17.14(0.00，42.86)	59.29(32.71，97.14)
	女	414		5.0(4.0，7.0)	15.00(2.86，34.29)	44.29(25.71，75.00)
			Z值	-3.78	1.21	-4.24
			P值	＜0.01	0.11	＜0.01
17	男	465		5.0(3.0，6.0)	18.57(0.00，42.86)	50.71(28.21，91.79)
	女	443		5.0(4.0，7.0)	12.86(0.00，30.00)	47.14(24.29，77.14)
			Z值	-4.03	1.91	-2.51
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.01
18	男	318		5.0(3.0，6.0)	17.14(4.29，37.86)	48.93(25.71，79.64)
	女	307		6.0(4.0，7.0)	14.29(0.00，30.00)	40.71(22.86，72.00)
			Z值	-3.82	1.44	-2.19
			P值	＜0.01	0.03	0.03
总体	男	2 908		4.0(2.0，6.0)	18.57(2.86，42.86)	68.57(35.71，119.18)
	女	2 805		5.0(3.0，6.0)	14.29(0.00，30.00)	55.71(31.43，92.86)
			Z值	-10.90	3.65	-8.65
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01

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表 2 中学生睡眠质量与体力活动相关性分析(r值，n=5 713)

Table 2. Correlation analysis between sleep quality and physical activity among middle school students(r, n=5 713)

变量	睡眠质量	入睡时间	睡眠时间	睡眠效率	睡眠障碍	催眠药物	PSQI总分	LPA
入睡时间	0.40^**
睡眠时间	0.13^**	0.05^**
睡眠效率	0.07^**	0.09^**	0.09^**
睡眠障碍	0.39^**	0.35^**	0.07^**	0.03
催眠药物	0.02	0.10^**	0.04^**	0.02	0.15^**
PSQI总分	0.71^**	0.64^**	0.40^**	0.09^**	0.62^**	0.21^**
LPA	-0.03^*	0.00	0.02	-0.01	0.01	-0.03^*	-0.03
MVPA	-0.00	0.02^*	-0.12^**	-0.02	0.05^**	-0.02	-0.04^**	0.06^**
注：^* P＜0.05, ^** P＜0.01。

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表 3 体力活动与中学生睡眠质量线性回归分析[B值(95%CI), n=5 713]

Table 3. Linear regression analysis of physical activity and sleep quality among middle school students[B(95%CI), n=5 713]

自变量	睡眠质量	入睡时间	睡眠时间	睡眠效率	睡眠障碍	催眠药物	PSQI总分
LPA	-1.20(-3.92~1.52)	1.89(-0.09~3.87)	1.75(-0.61~4.10)	-11.14(-33.40~11.13)	2.77(-0.01~5.55)	-1.03(-4.50~2.44)	-0.62(-1.98~0.75)
MVPA	3.47(-1.32~8.25)	7.17(3.69~10.66)^**	-3.61(-7.74~0.53)	-14.12(-53.27~25.03)	13.37(8.48~18.26)^**	-1.62(-7.72~4.49)	-4.76(-7.16~-2.36)^**
注：^** P＜0.01。

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