学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及育儿压力的相关性

杨静; 刘茜; 殷霞; 顾玲; 朱婕

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025146

学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及育儿压力的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025146

杨静^{1, 2},
刘茜³,
殷霞⁴,
顾玲⁵,
朱婕⁶

1.
新疆医科大学护理学院，乌鲁木齐 830000
2.
新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心
3.
新疆乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)教育局
4.
乌鲁木齐市第43幼儿园
5.
乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)嘉福嘉华幼儿园
6.
乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)吉的堡华清私立幼儿园

基金项目:

新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金—(第二批)联合基金青年项目 2022D01C708

详细信息

作者简介:
杨静(1992-)，女，新疆乌鲁木齐市人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为儿童健康与妇儿保健

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R155.1 G78
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- 文章访问数: 9
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- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-19
- 修回日期: 2024-06-19
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Correlation among picky eating levels in preschool children, parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress

YANG Jing^{1, 2},
LIU Qian³,
YIN Xia⁴,
GU Ling⁵,
ZHU Jie⁶

1.
College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (830000), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及父母育儿压力的相关性。方法采用方便抽样方法，于2023年11月抽取乌鲁木齐市5所幼儿园中459名3~6岁儿童及其父母进行电子问卷调查，内容包括一般资料调查问卷、儿童饮食行为问卷、父母教养效能感量表、父母育儿压力简表。计量资料两组比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验，多组比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。采用Spearman相关性分析检验儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感、父母育儿压力间的相关性。结果学龄前儿童挑食得分为10.00(4.00)分，父母教养效能感得分为58.00(12.00)分，均呈中等水平；父母育儿压力得分为75.00(16.00)分，呈中等偏下水平。Sepearman相关性分析结果显示，儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感总分呈负相关(r=-0.28)，与父母育儿压力总分呈正相关(r=0.25)(P值均＜0.01)。结论挑食水平与其父母教养效能感及父母育儿压力密切相关。应当采取各类有效措施提高父母教养效能感并缓解父母育儿压力，可有效降低儿童挑食水平。
- 偏食 /
- 教育 /
- 压力 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation among picky eating levels in preschool children, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress. Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey among 459 children aged 3-6 years and their parents from five kindergartens in Urumqi in November 2023. The survey included a general information questionnaire, the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC), and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-group comparisons, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied for multi-group comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between children's picky eating levels and parenting self-efficacy as well as parenting stress. Results The picky eating score of preschool children was 10.00 (4.00), and the parenting self-efficacy score was 58.00 (12.00), both indicating a moderate level. The parenting stress score was 75.00 (16.00), reflecting a moderately low level. Spearman correlation analysis showed that children's picky eating levels were negatively correlated with the total score of parenting self-efficacy (r=-0.28) and positively correlated with the total score of parenting stress(r=0.25)(P < 0.01). Conclusions Picky eating levels of preschool children are closely associated with parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress. Picky eating behaviors in children can be reduced by implementing various effective measures to enhance parenting self-efficacy and alleviate parenting stress.
- Food preferences /
- Education /
- Pressure /
- Child, preschool
注释:

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表 1 不同特征儿童挑食得分比较[M(Q)]

Table 1. Comparison of picky eating scores in children with different characteristics[M(Q)]

组别	人数	得分	Z值	P值
年龄/岁
3	86	10.00(4.00)	31.24	＜0.01
4	129	9.00(3.00)
5	142	11.00(4.00)
6	102	9.50(6.00)
性别
男	255	10.00(4.00)	-0.63	0.53
女	204	10.00(4.00)
主要照顾者文化程度
本科及以上	206	9.00(4.00)	21.21	＜0.01
大专	165	10.00(2.50)
高中	88	10.00(3.00)
家庭类型
核心	286	9.00(3.00)	24.27	＜0.01
主干	144	11.50(4.00)
联合	29	10.00(7.00)

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表 2 儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感、父母育儿压力的相关性分析(n=459，r值)

Table 2. Correlation analysis of children's picky eating level with parental parenting efficacy and parental parenting stress (n=459, r)

变量	挑食	父母教养效能感总分	满足感	效能感	父母育儿压力总分	育儿愁苦	亲子互动失调
父母教养效能感总分	-0.28^**
满足感	-0.11^*	0.70^**
效能感	-0.35^**	0.81^**	0.20^**
父母育儿压力总分	0.25^**	-0.13^**	0.09	-0.29^**
育儿愁苦	0.32^**	-0.19^**	0.08	-0.39^**	0.79^**
亲子互动失调	0.13^**	-0.14^**	0.04	-0.36^**	0.88^**	0.52^**
困难儿童	0.14^**	-0.06	0.03	-0.11^*	0.81^**	0.43^**	0.70^**
注： ^* P＜0.05，^**P＜0.01。

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