北京市2023年中小学校医和保健教师传染病健康素养及影响因素

徐文婕; 白承续; 陈东妮; 吴双胜; 孙冰洁; 杨鹏

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025140

北京市2023年中小学校医和保健教师传染病健康素养及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025140

北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所, 北京 100013

基金项目:

北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目学科骨干-01-004

详细信息

作者简介:
徐文婕(1986-)，女，甘肃省人，硕士，主管医师，主要研究方向为学校卫生

通讯作者:
白承续，E-mail：bjwsfbbcx@sina.com

孙冰洁，E-mail：clover3s@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G627.8 G478.2 R183
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-02
- 修回日期: 2025-04-08
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Health literacy of infectious disease and its influencing factors for school doctors and health teachers in Beijing primary and secondary schools, 2023

Institute of School Health, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100013), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解北京市中小学校2023年校医和保健教师传染病知识和行为素养水平及其影响因素，为提高校医和保健教师的专业技术水平提供参考依据。方法 2023年10—11月，采用自编问卷对北京市16个区所有中小学校校医和保健教师进行普查，共收集2 581份问卷。采用χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果 2023年北京市中小学校校医和保健教师传染病相关知识知晓率为34.44%~98.57%，行为具备率为65.90%~98.64%。校医和保健教师传染病相关知识素养、行为素养的具备率分别为82.76%和85.70%，多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，专职、本科及以上、高级职称与校医和保健教师具备传染病知识素养均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.76，2.57，1.42)；相对于医学专业，教育类和其他专业与校医和保健教师具备传染病知识素养均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.37，0.55)；专职、女性、年龄与校医和保健教师具备传染病行为素养均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.66，2.18，1.02)(P值均 < 0.01)。结论北京市中小学校医和保健教师传染病健康素养水平较高。应针对传染病防控知识和行为的薄弱部分，对重点人群进行重点专业知识和技能培训。
- 传染病 /
- 知识 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 卫生人员
Abstract: Objective To investigate the levels of knowledge and skills in infectious diseases among school doctors and health teachers in Beijing's primary and secondary schools in 2023, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide a reference basis for enhancing the professional competencies of school doctors and health teachers. Methods From October to November 2023, a census method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among all school doctors and health teachers in 16 districts of Beijing. Chi-square tests and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used perform statistical analysis. Results The awareness rate of infectious disease-related knowledge among school doctors and health teachers in primary and secondary schools in Beijing in 2023 ranged from 34.44% to 98.57%, while the behavior formation rate ranged from 65.90% to 98.64%. The proportions of those with literacy in infectious disease knowledge and behavior among school doctors and health teachers were 82.76% and 85.70%, respectively. Multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that being a full-time employee, having a bachelor's degree or above, and holding a senior professional title were positively correlated with having literacy in infectious disease knowledge (OR=1.76, 2.57, 1.42, P < 0.01). Compared to medical professionals, those in education and other professions were negatively correlated with having literacy in infectious disease knowledge (OR=0.37, 0.55, P < 0.01). Being a full-time employee, being female, and age were positively correlated with having literacy in infectious disease behavior (OR=1.66, 2.18, 1.02, P < 0.01). Conclusions The level of health literacy for infectious diseases among school doctors in Beijing primary and secondary schools is relatively high. Targeted training on key professional knowledge and skills should be prioritized for individuals with deficiencies in infectious disease prevention and control.
- Commanicable diseases /
- Knowledge /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Health personnel
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表 1 传染病知识知晓率及行为具备率在不同组别校医和保健教师间比较

Table 1. Comparison of awareness rates and behavioral formation rates of infectious disease knowledge among different groups of school doctors and health teachers

知识和行为	题目	人员类别			城郊
知识和行为	题目	校医(n=1 689)	保健教师(n=892)	χ²值	城区(n=1 325)	郊区(n=1 256)	χ²值
知识	传染病传染源的定义	1 456(86.20)	654(73.32)	64.98^**	1 113(84.00)	997(79.38)	8.92^**
	感染性腹泻的传播途径	1 427(84.49)	683(76.57)	24.53^**	1 099(82.94)	1 011(80.49)	2.43
	新型冠状病毒的最新防控政策	1 468(86.92)	688(77.13)	40.63^**	1 155(87.17)	1 001(79.70)	25.63^**
	艾滋病的传播途径	1 677(99.29)	867(97.20)	18.08^**	1 319(99.55)	1 225(97.53)	17.13^**
	诺如病毒用哪种消毒液消毒	1 668(98.76)	859(96.30)	17.19^**	1 311(98.94)	1 216(96.82)	13.24^**
	手足口病的主要感染人群	1 631(96.57)	846(94.84)	4.48^*	1 283(96.83)	1 194(95.06)	4.76^*
	儿童预防水痘最有效的措施	1 661(98.34)	862(96.64)	7.73^**	1 306(98.57)	1 217(96.89)	7.45^*
	肺结核的可疑症状	1 661(98.34)	856(95.96)	13.65^**	1 309(98.79)	1 208(96.18)	17.16^**
	学校流感的日常防控措施^a	1 290(76.38)	658(73.77)	2.14	1 037(78.26)	911(72.53)	11.14^**
	学校发生疫情时需要上报的情况^a	603(35.70)	286(32.06)	3.42	510(38.49)	379(30.18)	19.38^**
行为	饭前便后每次都洗手	1 655(97.99)	865(96.97)	2.60	1 304(98.42)	1 216(96.82)	6.48^*
	外出回家每次都洗手	1 651(97.75)	846(94.84)	15.67^**	1 301(98.19)	1 196(95.22)	17.08^**
	洗手时使用流动水和肥皂(洗手液)洗	1 637(96.92)	855(95.85)	2.00	1 291(97.43)	1 201(95.62)	5.83^*
	打喷嚏时遮掩口鼻	1 629(96.45)	837(93.83)	9.37^**	1 287(97.13)	1 179(93.87)	15.37^**
	就医或陪同就医时每次佩戴口罩	1 450(85.85)	715(80.16)	13.99^**	1 149(86.72)	1 016(80.89)	15.76^**
	呼吸道传染病流行期间采取哪些预防措施^a	1 634(96.74)	822(92.15)	26.70^**	1 277(96.38)	1 179(93.87)	8.26^**
	使用砧板和刀具加工食物时生熟分开	1 673(99.05)	873(97.87)	6.10^**	1 313(99.09)	1 233(98.17)	3.47
	涮肉时使用专门的筷子或夹子夹生肉	1 553(91.95)	798(89.46)	4.44^*	1 217(91.85)	1 134(90.29)	1.75
	因为餐馆卫生不好而不去就餐	1 126(66.67)	575(64.46)	1.26	895(67.55)	806(64.17)	3.12
	外出旅游时关注目的地传染病流行情况	1 087(64.36)	616(69.06)	5.75^*	858(64.75)	845(67.28)	1.72
注：^a为多选题；^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01；()内数字为知晓率或具备率/%。

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表 2 北京市2023年中小学校医和保健教师传染病防控知识素养和行为素养的单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of literacy in infectious disease prevention knowledge literacy and behavioral literacy among school doctors and health teachers among primary and secondary school in Beijing, 2023

组别	选项	人数	知识素养		行为素养
组别	选项	人数	具备人数	χ²值	具备人数	χ²值
人员类别	校医	1 689	1 478(87.51)	76.28^**	1 472(87.15)	8.04^**
	保健教师	892	658(73.77)		740(82.96)
城郊区	城区	1 325	1 156(87.25)	37.77^**	1 166(88.00)	11.34^**
	郊区	1 256	980(78.02)		1 046(83.28)
职业类别	专职	1 920	1 677(87.34)	109.21^**	1 686(87.81)	26.55^**
	兼职	661	459(69.44)		526(79.58)
性别	男	190	134(70.53)	20.59^**	136(71.58)	32.16^**
	女	2 391	2 002(83.73)		2 076(86.83)
年龄组/岁	≤30	210	173(82.38)	12.31^**	173(82.38)	6.79
	>30~ < 40	896	768(85.71)		763(85.16)
	40~ < 50	1 021	840(82.27)		871(85.31)
	≥50	454	355(78.19)		405(89.21)
学历	高中/中专/技校及以下	50	34(68.00)	12.94^**	45(90.00)	4.94
	大学专科	473	376(79.49)		419(88.58)
	本科及以上	2 058	1 726(83.87)		1 748(84.94)
专业	医学类	1 616	1 445(89.42)	140.10^**	1 421(87.93)	18.00 ^**
	教育类	684	477(69.74)		564(82.46)
	其他	281	214(76.16)		227(80.78)
职称	初级	1 215	983(80.91)	16.49^**	1 046(86.09)	1.64
	中级	1 245	1 064(85.46)		1 067(85.70)
	高级	121	89(73.55)		99(81.82)
工作年限/年	≤2	618	502(81.23)	14.16^**	512(82.85)	11.67^**
	>2~ < 5	644	508(78.88)		540(83.85)
	5~ < 10	534	454(85.02)		466(87.27)
	≥10	785	672(85.61)		694(88.41)
是否有执业资格证书	是	1 517	1 355(89.32)	109.95^**	1 334(87.94)	14.54^**
	否	1 064	781(73.40)		878(82.52)
近1年是否接受过传染病培训	是	2 433	2 026(83.27)	7.21^**	2 093(86.03)	3.15
	否	148	110(74.32)		119(80.41)
合计		2 581	2 136(82.76)		2 212(85.70)
注：()内数据为具备率/%；^**P < 0.01。

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表 3 北京市2023年中小学校医和保健教师传染病知识和行为素养的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=2 581)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with infectious disease knowledge and behavioral literacy among literacy doctors and health teachers among primary and secondary schools in Beijing, 2023 (n=2 581)

自变量	选项	知识素养		行为素养
自变量	选项	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
职业类别	兼职	1.00		1.00
	专职	1.76(1.32~2.34)	< 0.01	1.66(1.29~2.14)	< 0.01
学历	初中及以下	1.00
	高中/大专	1.68(0.86~3.27)	0.13
	本科及以上	2.57(1.36~4.87)	< 0.01
专业	医学类	1.00
	教育类	0.37(0.27~0.49)	< 0.01
	其他	0.55(0.38~0.79)	< 0.01
职称	初级	1.00
	中级	1.14(0.72~1.80)	0.57
	高级	1.42(1.13~1.78)	< 0.01
性别	男			1.00
	女			2.18(1.52~3.14)	< 0.01
年龄				1.02(1.01~1.04)	< 0.01
注：年龄为连续型变量。

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