四五年级小学生睡前视屏行为与睡眠健康的相关性

朱桂因; 朱璠; 祁甜甜; 郭世豪; 杨爽; 马迎华

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025131

四五年级小学生睡前视屏行为与睡眠健康的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025131

北京大学公共卫生学院/儿童青少年卫生研究所，北京 100191

基金项目:

中国教育学会教育科研重点规划课题 202416305735A

详细信息

作者简介:
朱桂因(1998-)，女，广东佛山人，在读博士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年生长发育及其影响因素

通讯作者:
马迎华，E-mail: yinghuama@bjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 Q428 G444
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-11
- 修回日期: 2025-04-02
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Correlation between bedtime screen use behavior and sleep health among fourth- and fifth-grade primary school students

Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing (100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究四五年级小学生睡前视屏行为与睡眠健康之间的关系，为促进小学生睡眠健康提供参考依据。方法 2024年4—6月在北京市某区9所小学4 232名四五年级小学生中开展调查，使用自编问卷调查小学生的睡前视屏行为与睡眠情况，采用广义线性模型和Logistic回归分析小学生睡前视屏行为与睡眠健康的相关性。结果 28.3%的小学生报告存在睡前视屏行为，上学日和周末每天睡眠时长分别为(9.31±0.90)(10.08±1.36)h；报告存在睡前视屏行为的小学生，上学日和周末的就寝时间每天分别推迟10.18(95%CI=6.88~13.47)和22.09(95%CI=17.33~26.85)min，周末晨起时间推迟7.97(95%CI=1.78~14.16)min，上学日和周末的睡眠时长每天分别减少9.82(95%CI=-13.62~-6.03)和14.12(95%CI=-20.24~-8.00)min(P值均 < 0.05)；周末-上学日就寝时间差更大[β值(95%CI)=1.15(1.08~1.23), P < 0.01]；入睡时间≤20 min、日间保持清醒警觉和主观睡眠满意的可能性更低[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.62(0.54~0.72)、0.66(0.56~0.77)和0.57(0.49~0.66), P值均 < 0.01]。结论睡前视屏行为可对小学生多维度睡眠健康造成负面影响，减少睡前视屏行为可能有助于促进小学生睡眠健康。
- 注视，眼 /
- 行为 /
- 睡眠 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between bedtime screen use and sleep health among fourth- and fifth-grade primary school students, so as to provide evidence to support interventions for improving sleep quality. Methods From April to June 2024, a survey was conducted among 4 232 fourth- and fifth-grade students from nine primary schools in a district of Beijing. A self-designed questionnaire assessed bedtime screen use behavior and sleep health indicators. Generalized linear models and Logistic regression were used to analyze the associations. Results Among the surveyed students, 28.3% reported bedtime screen use. Mean sleep duration every day was (9.31±0.90) hours on school days and (10.08±1.36) hours on weekends. Compared to non-users, students with bedtime screen use exhibited every day: later bedtimes on school days (10.18 min delay, 95%CI=6.88-13.47) and weekends (22.09 min delay, 95%CI=17.33-26.85) (P < 0.05); later weekend wake times (7.97 min delay, 95%CI=1.78-14.16, P < 0.05); reduced sleep duration on school days (-9.82 min, 95%CI=-13.62 to -6.03) and weekends (-14.12 min, 95%CI=-20.24 to -8.00) (P < 0.05); greater weekend-school day bedtime discrepancy (β=1.15, 95%CI=1.08-1.23, P < 0.01). Additionally, they had lower odds of falling asleep within 20 minutes (OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.54-0.72), daytime alertness (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.56-0.77), and subjective sleep satisfaction (OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.49-0.66)(P < 0.01). Conclusions Bedtime screen use is associated with adverse effects on multiple dimensions of sleep health in primary school students. Reducing screen exposure before bed may help improve their sleep quality.
- Fixation, ocular /
- Behavior /
- Sleep /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别小学生睡前视屏行为报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the reporting rate of bedtime screen use behavior among primary school students in different groups

组别	选项	人数	睡前视屏行为	χ²值	P值
性别	男	2 159	633(29.3)	2.33	0.13
	女	2 073	564(27.2)
年级	四	2 541	635(25.0)	34.02	< 0.01
	五	1 691	562(33.2)
父亲文化水平	高中及以下	699	223(31.9)	5.40	0.02
	大专及以上	3 533	974(27.6)
母亲文化水平	高中及以下	524	146(27.9)	0.05	0.82
	大专及以上	3 708	1 051(28.3)
父亲就寝时间	22:00及以前	1 115	306(27.4)	0.53	0.47
	22:00以后	3 117	891(28.6)
母亲就寝时间	22:00及以前	1 714	467(27.2)	1.53	0.22
	22:00以后	2 518	730(29.0)
自评学习负担	轻	1 120	227(20.3)	106.60	< 0.01
	一般	2 550	721(28.3)
	重	562	249(44.3)
每天视屏时长/h	≤1	2 840	577(20.3)	270.22	< 0.01
	>1	1 392	620(44.5)
每天午睡时长/	0	1 224	468(38.2)	103.50	< 0.01
min	1~30	1 463	409(28.0)
	>30	1 545	320(20.7)
每天户外活动	< 2	2 636	860(32.6)	64.93	< 0.01
时长/h	≥2	1 596	337(21.1)
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 有无睡前视屏行为小学生各项睡眠指标比较

Table 2. Comparison of bedtime screen use behavior and sleep indicators among primary school students

睡前视屏行为	人数	睡眠时点^a				每天睡眠时长^a		睡眠相关行为^b
睡前视屏行为	人数	上学日就寝时间	周末就寝时间	上学日晨起时间	周末晨起时间	上学日睡眠时长/min	周末睡眠时长/min	\|周末-上学日就寝时间差\|/min	\|周末-上学日晨起时间差\|/min	社会时差/min
有	1 197	21:47±0.83	22:31±1.25	6:53±0.57	8:23±1.57	545.72±56.29	591.47±89.82	40(20, 65)	80(50, 130)	60(32, 95)
无	3 035	21:30±0.73	21:56±1.02	6:54±0.60	8:07±1.28	563.76±52.47	610.26±77.44	30(15, 60)	65(30, 110)	45(22, 75)
总体	4 232	21:35±0.77	22:06±1.12	6:54±0.58	8:11±1.38	558.66±54.18	604.94±81.56	30(15, 60)	70(40, 120)	50(25, 80)
t/H值		10.40	14.28	-0.65	5.22	-9.57	-6.36	71.15	65.90	102.09
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	0.51	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：^a指标以($\bar{x} \pm s)表示，组间比较采用t检验；^b指标以M(P₂₅, P₇₅)表示，组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。睡眠时间均数采用24 h制描述，标准差单位为小时数。

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表 3 小学生睡前视屏行为与各项睡眠指标的广义线性模型分析(n=4 232)

Table 3. Generalized linear models analysis of bedtime screen use behavior and sleep indicators among primary school students (n=4 232)

自变量	睡眠指标	β值(95%CI)	P值
睡眠时点	上学日就寝时间	10.18(6.88~13.47)	< 0.01
	周末就寝时间	22.09(17.33~26.85)	< 0.01
	上学日晨起时间	0.35(-2.17~2.88)	0.79
	周末晨起时间	7.97(1.78~14.16)	0.01
睡眠时长/	上学日睡眠时长	-9.82(-13.62~-6.03)	< 0.01
min	周末睡眠时长	-14.12(-20.24~-8.00)	< 0.01
睡眠相关	周末-上学日就寝时间^a	1.15(1.08~1.23)	< 0.01
行为/min	周末-上学日晨起时间^a	1.12(1.06~1.19)	< 0.01
	社会时差^a	1.17(1.11~1.24)	< 0.01
注：^a因变量转换为对数值纳入回归分析，表中的β值(95%CI)已转换为原始尺度。

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