父母教养方式及抑郁情绪与青少年噩梦障碍的关联

祝绮莎; 赵圆; 陈秋霞; 胡俊; 徐鸥

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025128

父母教养方式及抑郁情绪与青少年噩梦障碍的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025128

祝绮莎¹,
赵圆²,
陈秋霞²,
胡俊³,
徐鸥^4, ,

1.
杭州市西湖区疾病预防控制中心(杭州市西湖区卫生监督所)传染病防制科，浙江 310013
2.
浙江大学医学院附属精神卫生中心/杭州市第七人民医院社会心理服务部
3.
杭州市西湖区疾病预防控制中心(杭州市西湖区卫生监督所)办公室
4.
杭州市儿童医院临床心理科

基金项目:

浙江省医药卫生科技计划面上项目 2021KY253

杭州市卫生科技计划项目 A20210433

详细信息

作者简介:
祝绮莎(1992-)，女，浙江武义人，硕士，主管医师，主要研究方向为儿童青少年精神心理问题

通讯作者:
徐鸥，E-mail：hz0102@126.com

利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G78 B844.2 R179
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-15
- 修回日期: 2025-03-14
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Associations of parenting style and depressive symptoms with nightmare disorder in adolescents

ZHU Qisha¹,
ZHAO Yuan²,
CHEN Qiuxia²,
HU Jun³,
XU Ou^{4
, ,}

1.
Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Xihu District Health Supervision Institute), Hangzhou (310013), Zhejiang Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究噩梦障碍青少年的父母教养方式及抑郁情绪之间的关系，为制定有效的家庭干预措施和心理辅导提供科学依据。方法 2023年1月—2024年8月，纳入杭州市各城区医院/社区或初高中招募的176名健康志愿者及杭州市第七人民医院收治的90名青少年噩梦障碍患者作为研究对象，采用噩梦经历问卷(NEQ)、家庭关系问卷(FRQ)、抑郁自评量表(PVP)对其进行测评。组间量表得分及定性资料比较采用t检验和χ²检验，采用Pearson相关和多元线性回归(逐步法)探究PVP与NEQ或FRQ之间的相关性，采用Process模型验证探究NEQ/FRQ/PVP之间的中介效应。结果噩梦障碍组在噩梦频率、NEQ 4个因子(生理影响、负性情绪、意义解释、恐怖刺激)和PVP得分(24.86±18.89，10.12±3.67，19.01±3.51，17.02±3.31，15.14±3.26，14.02±4.38)均高于健康对照组(2.34±1.04，6.49±2.18，17.63±4.76，13.91±4.24，12.40±4.49，9.39±3.28)(t值分别为15.79，10.11，2.43，6.09，5.14，27.46，P值均 < 0.05)。噩梦障碍组一般依恋、母亲鼓励得分均低于健康对照组(7.22±2.81，16.39±3.28)(t值分别为-5.53，-4.95)；母亲虐待、母亲控制、父亲自由释放和父亲控制得分(8.23±1.80，13.11±3.73，18.36±3.37，12.04±3.29)均高于健康对照组(6.07±1.85，8.48±3.80，15.15±2.51，9.47±3.03)(t值分别为6.70，8.96，5.90，7.04)(P值均 < 0.01)。Pearson相关分析结果显示，噩梦障碍组PVP得分与负性情绪、噩梦频率、母亲虐待和母亲控制得分均呈正相关(r值分别为0.14，0.63，0.26，0.51，P值均 < 0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示，用FRQ得分预测NEQ得分，噩梦障碍组中调整R²=0.01~0.59，母亲虐待可以预测生理影响(β=0.33)，母亲控制可以预测负性情绪、恐怖刺激和噩梦频率(β值分别为0.29，0.30，0.79)；父亲自由释放可以预测负性情绪(β=0.26)，父亲控制可以预测负性情绪和噩梦频率(β值分别为0.22，0.45)(P值均 < 0.05)。中介效应分析显示，在噩梦障碍组中，PVP得分是FRQ母亲控制与NEQ负性情绪间的中介变量。结论虐待、控制和忽视等不良家庭教养方式以及抑郁情绪可能是诱发青少年噩梦障碍的关键因素。
- 法定监护人 /
- 教育 /
- 抑郁 /
- 噩梦障碍 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between parenting styles and depressive symptoms in adolescents with nightmare disorder, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective family intervention measures and psychological counseling. Methods From January 2023 to August 2024, 90 adolescents diagnosed with nightmare disorder and admitted to Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, along with 176 healthy controls from the urban areas of Hangzhou, were recruited as participants in the study. All participants were assessed using the Nightmare Experience Questionnaire (NEQ), Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ), and Plutchik-van Praag Self-report Depression Scale (PVP). The t-test and Chi-square test were conducted to compare two groups. Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression were employed to explore the correlations between PVP and NEQ or FRQ. The Process model was used to testing the mediating effects among NEQ/FRQ/PVP. Results The nightmare disorder group had higher scores in nightmare frequency, the four factors of NEQ (physical effect, negative emotion, meaning interpretation, horrible stimulation), and PVP than the healthy control group (24.86±18.89, 10.12±3.67, 19.01±3.51, 17.02±3.31, 15.14±3.26, 14.02±4.38; 2.34±1.04, 6.49±2.18, 17.63±4.76, 13.91±4.24, 12.40±4.49, 9.39±3.28)(t=15.79, 10.11, 2.43, 6.09, 5.14, 27.46, P < 0.05). The nightmare disorder group reported significantly lower scores in FRQ general attachment and maternal encouragement than the healthy control group (7.22±2.81, 16.39±3.28) (t=-5.53, -4.95). In contrast, they exhibited significantly higher scores in maternal abuse, maternal dominance, paternal freedom release, and paternal dominance than the healthy control group (8.23±1.80, 13.11±3.73, 18.36±3.37, 12.04±3.29; 6.07±1.85, 8.48±3.80, 15.15±2.51, 9.47±3.03) (t=6.70, 8.96, 5.90, 7.04, P < 0.01). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that, in the nightmare disorder group, the PVP score was positively correlated with negative emotion, nightmare frequency, maternal abuse, and maternal dominance score (r=0.14, 0.63, 0.26, 0.51, P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that when using FRQ score to predict NEQ score, the adjusted R² in the nightmare disorder group was 0.01-0.59. Mother abuse could prediced physical effect (β=0.33); maternal dominance significantly predicted negative emotion, horrible stimulation, and nightmare frequency (β=0.29, 0.30, 0.79); paternal freedom release could predict negative emotion (β=0.26), paternal dominance predicted both negative emotion and nightmare frequency (β=0.22, 0.45) (P < 0.05). Mediation analysis further revealed that, in the nightmare disorder group, PVP scores served as a mediating variable between FRQ and NEQ. Conclusion Abusive, controlling, and neglectful family upbringing styles as well as depression maybe are key factors that may contribute to the development of nightmare disorder among adolescents.
- Legal guardians /
- Education /
- Depression /
- Nightmare disorder /
- Mental health /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 噩梦障碍组与健康对照组NEQ、FRQ和PVP得分比较($\bar{x}$±s)

Table 1. Comparison of NEQ, FRQ, and PVP scores between nightmare disorder group and healthy control group($\bar{x}$ ±s)

组别	人数	NEQ				FRQ									PVP
组别	人数	生理影响	负性情绪	意义解释	恐怖刺激	一般依恋	母亲鼓励	母亲虐待	母亲自由释放	母亲控制	父亲鼓励	父亲虐待	父亲自由释放	父亲控制	PVP
噩梦障碍组	90	10.12±3.67	19.01±3.51	17.02±3.31	15.14±3.26	14.72±4.52	14.02±4.38	8.23±1.80	18.22±2.24	13.11±3.73	12.30±2.67	8.30±2.18	18.36±3.37	12.04±3.29	14.02±4.38
健康对照组	176	6.49±2.18	17.63±4.76	13.91±4.24	12.40±4.49	17.22±2.81	16.39±3.28	6.07±1.85	17.06±2.54	8.48±3.80	13.17±4.45	7.91±1.43	15.15±2.51	9.47±3.03	9.39±3.28
t值		10.11	2.43	6.09	5.14	-5.53	-4.95	6.70	1.96	8.96	-1.71	2.22	5.90	7.04	27.46
P值		< 0.01	0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.26	< 0.01	0.09	0.35	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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