零时间运动干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响

王静松; 付娆; 王深; 李闯涛

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025127

零时间运动干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025127

福建师范大学体育科学学院，福州 350000

详细信息

作者简介:
王静松(1994-)，男，山东招远人，在读博士，主要研究方向为运动心理学

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中图分类号: R179 G806 G804.49
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-14
- 修回日期: 2025-02-15
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Effect of zero-time exercise intervention on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among college students

School of Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou (350000), Fujian Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨零时间运动(ZTEx)干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响，为有效提高大学生身体活动水平、减少久坐行为提供参考。方法 2023年9月，在福州市招募某高校45名久坐大学生，按照随机数字表法分为ZTEx组(23名)和对照组(22名)；2023年10月—2024年1月，ZTEx组接受为期3个月共2次的焦点小组会议，对照组进行安全健康教育。在干预前后，分别采用国际体力活动问卷和三轴加速度计对大学生久坐和身体活动水平进行测评，同时完成有关身体健康和心理问卷的评估。采用混合效应方差分析和非参数检验对大学生身体健康、心理问卷、久坐和身体活动数据进行统计分析。结果干预后，过去7 d ZTEx组大学生提高了低强度身体活动时长[前测(1 492.78±369.50)min；后测(1 918.93±354.63)min]、久坐间断次数[前测(45.26±13.69)次；后测(73.78±16.74)次]、握力[前测(28.77±9.23)kg；后测(31.78±8.00)kg]、30 s连续坐起[前测(22.52±4.90)次；后测(26.96±4.87)次]、一般自我效能感[前测(26.52±4.14)分；后测(32.96±5.24)分]、身体成分总结[前测(66.44±4.83)分；后测(72.62±4.88)分]、心理成分总结[前测(61.21±9.88)分；后测(63.98±9.57)分]，同时降低其久坐时长[前测(3 694.28±687.56)min；后测(2 865.90±493.81)min]，差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。干预前后，对照组身体活动及健康指标均无明显变化(P值均>0.05)。结论 ZTEx可以有效提高久坐大学生的低强度身体活动水平和久坐间断次数并减少久坐行为，进一步促成大学生良好运动习惯的培养，提高身体和心理健康水平。
- 运动活动 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 久坐生活方式 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of a zero-time exercise (ZTEx) intervention on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among college students, providing evidence for improving physical activity and reducing sedentary habits. Methods In September 2023, 45 sedentary college students from a university in Fuzhou were recruited and randomly assigned to either the ZTEx group (23 students) or the control group (22 students) according to a random number table method. ZTEx group received two ZTEx focus group meetings for 3 months, while the control group received safety and health education. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a three-axis accelerometer were used to evaluate the sedentary and physical activity levels of college students. At the same time, evaluations related to physical health and psychological questionnaires were completed. Mixed effects analysis of variance and non-parametric tests were used to statistically analyze the physical health, psychological questionnaire, and sedentary and physical activity data of the college students. Results Post-intervention, the ZTEx group showed significant improvements in the duration of low-intensity physical activity [pre-test(1 492.78±369.50)min; post-test(1 918.93±354.63)min] and the number of sedentary interruptions [pre-test(45.26±13.69)times; post-test(73.78±16.74)times]; grip strength [pre-test(28.77±9.23)kg; post-test(31.78±8.00)kg]; sitting up continuously for 30 seconds [pre-test(22.52±4.90)times; post-test(26.96±4.87)times]; general self-efficacy [pre-test(26.52±4.14)points; post-test(32.96±5.24)points]; body composition summary [pre-test(66.44±4.83)points; post-test(72.62±4.88)points]; and psychological composition summary [pre-test(61.21±9.88)points; post-test(63.98±9.57)points], while reducing sedentary time [pre-test(3 694.28±687.56)min; post-test(2 865.90±493.81)min] in the past 7 days, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The control group exhibited no significant changes(P>0.05). Conclusion ZTEx effectively improve the low-intensity physical activity, increases sedentary breaks, and reduces prolonged sitting among college students, fostering healthier habits and improving physical/mental well-being.
- Motor activity /
- Intervention studies /
- Sedentary lifestyle /
- Students
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表 1 大学生干预前后过去7 d久坐和身体活动指标比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of sedentary and physical activity indicators among college students in the past 7 days before and after intervention(x±s)

组别	干预前后	人数	久坐时长/min	LPA时长/min	MPA时长/min	VPA时长/min	久坐间断次数/次
对照组	干预前	22	3 786.32±1 416.55	1 465.82±1 143.10	146.32±112.10	0.42(0.00，7.29)	45.45±18.47
	干预后	22	3 742.15±925.84	1 492.13±1 161.04	123.40±23.37	0.92(0.00，7.29)	44.77±19.74
ZTEx组	干预前	23	3 694.28±687.56	1 492.78±369.50	131.57±33.34	2.50(2.00，5.00)	45.26±13.69
	干预后	23	2 865.90±493.81^ab	1 918.93±354.63^ab	154.03±131.80	1.67(0.50，4.83)	73.78±16.74^ab
F_组间值			4.70^*	0.96	0.12	0.02	10.62^**
F_时间值			6.64^*	5.24^*	0.00	0.61	27.83^**
F_{组间×时间}值			5.36^*	4.05^*	1.10	0.00	30.62^**
注：^a与对照组比较，P<0.01；^b与干预前比较，P<0.01；^* P<0.05，^** P<0.01。

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表 2 大学生干预前后身体健康指标比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of physical health indicators of college students before and after intervention(x±s)

组别	干预前后	人数	心率/(次·min^-1)	收缩压/mmHg	舒张压/mmHg	体重/kg
对照组	干预前	22	74.95±11.17	65.41±5.63	106.95±10.15	59.39±12.68
	干预后	22	77.55±12.56	67.23±5.80	107.14±10.09	58.53±14.78
ZTEx组	干预前	23	82.91±11.85	71.57±9.07	110.39±10.05	61.25±7.84
	干预后	23	79.83±8.39	69.39±8.90	106.04±14.46	61.78±7.98
F_组间值			2.93	4.65	0.15	0.64
F_时间值			0.03	0.02	2.15	0.03
F_{组间×时间}值			4.06	2.90^*	2.54	0.51

组别	干预前后	人数	体脂率/%	30 s连续坐起/次	握力/kg	单脚闭眼站立/s
对照组	干预前	22	25.10±5.59	20.67±6.65	28.89±12.46	20.79±15.89
	干预后	22	25.10±5.84	21.36±6.68	29.35±11.91	19.99±14.74
ZTEx组	干预前	23	27.38±7.00	22.52±4.90	28.77±9.23	21.23±19.73
	干预后	23	25.85±4.57	26.96±4.87^ab	31.78±8.00^b	30.73±21.42
F_组间值			0.85	5.09^*	0.14	1.87
F_时间值			1.60	22.39^**	12.10^**	1.61
F_{组间×时间}值			1.58	11.91^**	6.59^*	2.62
注：^a与对照组比较，P<0.01；^b与干预前比较，P<0.01；^P<0.05，^*P<0.01；1 mmHg=0.133 kPa。

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