临海市学校与托幼机构诺如病毒疫情时外环境污染状况

郑建军; 王曦; 洪丹阳; 李雅玲; 徐秋梦; 张慧利; 韩倩; 卢达; 郑巧

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025121

临海市学校与托幼机构诺如病毒疫情时外环境污染状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025121

1.
浙江省临海市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科, 317000
2.
临海市疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科

详细信息

作者简介:
郑建军(1984- )，男，浙江台州人，大学本科，副主任医师，主要从事传染病防控工作。

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R181.3⁺² G478.1 R512.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-14
- 修回日期: 2025-03-23
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Environmental contamination status of norovirus outbreaks in schools and nurseries in Linhai City

1.
Department for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Linhai City, Linhai (317000), Zhejiang Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究托幼机构和中小学校诺如病毒在外环境中的污染状况，为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法选取2021—2024年临海市辖区34起托幼机构和中小学校诺如病毒胃肠炎聚集性疫情中采集的483份外环境样本数据，采用核酸快速提取试剂盒和实时荧光RT-PCR技术进行病原学检测，并运用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法对检测结果进行分析。结果采集的外环境样本中，表面污染总阳性率为13.66%。托幼机构和中小学校的外环境样本阳性率分别为12.20%和15.82%，托幼机构阳性检出率居前5位的外环境表面主要为书桌座椅、大便槽、小便槽、洗脸盆(槽)和拖把，分别为23.33%，20.69%，12.00%，11.11%和9.38%；中小学校阳性检出率居前5位的外环境表面为大便槽、小便槽、厕所门把手、拖把和水杯，分别为38.30%，23.53%，13.04%，12.50%，11.11%。中小学校不同外环境的阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法，P＜0.01)，厕所的阳性检出率较教室内的外环境高(χ²=17.38)；托幼机构教室内的外环境阳性检出率较中小学校高(χ²=5.42)(P值均＜0.05)。结论托幼机构和中小学校诺如病毒疫情中外环境具有较高的污染率，尤其是厕所等区域。应加强高风险环境的卫生消毒，并提高儿童及教职工的卫生意识和自我防护能力，以有效预防和控制诺如病毒的传播。
- 日托幼儿园 /
- 肠道病毒感染 /
- 疾病暴发流行 /
- 环境 /
- 学生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To investigate the environmental contamination of norovirus in nurseries and primary/secondary schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods A total of 483 external environmental samples were collected from 34 cluster outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis in kindergartens and primary/secondary schools in Linhai City from 2021 to 2024. Pathogen detection was conducted using a rapid nucleic acid extraction kit and real-time fluorescence RT-PCR, and the results were analyzed using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. Results Among the collected external environmental samples, the total positive rate of surface contamination was 13.66%. The positive rates in kindergartens and primary/secondary schools were 12.20% and 15.82%, respectively. In kindergartens, the five surfaces with the highest detection rates were desks/chairs (23.33%), toilet stool troughs (20.69%), urinal troughs (12.00%), washbasins/sinks (11.11%), and toilet mops (9.38%). In primary/secondary schools, the top five were toilet stool troughs (38.30%), urinal troughs (23.53%), toilet door handles (13.04%), toilet mops (12.50%), and drinking cups (11.11%). The difference in positive detection rates among different external environments in primary/secondary schools was statistically significant (Fisher's exact probability test, P < 0.01). The positive detection rate in sanitary toilets was higher than that in classroom environments (χ²=17.38), while the positive detection rate in classroom environments of kindergartens was higher than that in primary/secondary schools (χ²=5.42)(P < 0.05). Conclusions Norovirus exhibits a high contamination rate in nurseries and schools, particularly in restroom areas. Strengthening sanitation and disinfection in high-risk environments, and improving hygiene awareness among children and staff, are essential for the effective prevent and control of norovirus.
- Child day care centers /
- Enterovirus infections /
- Disease outbreaks /
- Environment /
- Student health services
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表 1 临海市诺如病毒疫情时外环境表面污染阳性率学段间比较

Table 1. Comparison of positive rate of evnironmental surface pollution outside norovirus epidemic in Linhai City

外环境	选项	托幼机构		中小学校		合计		χ²值	P值
外环境	选项	样本数	阳性数	样本数	阳性数	样本数	阳性数	χ²值	P值
名称	大便槽	58	12(20.69)	47	18(38.30)	105	30(28.57)	3.94	0.05
	小便槽	25	3(12.00)	17	4(23.53)	42	7(16.67)	0.32	0.57
	拖把	32	3(9.38)	16	2(12.50)	48	5(10.42)	0.00	1.00
	厕所门把手	14	1(7.14)	23	3(13.04)	37	4(10.81)		1.00^*
	洗脸盆(槽)	9	1(11.11)	10	1(10.00)	19	2(10.53)		1.00^*
	水杯	22	2(9.09)	9	1(11.11)	31	3(9.68)		1.00^*
	玩具	67	5(7.46)	0	0	67	5(7.46)
	书桌座椅	30	7(23.33)	48	1(2.08)	78	8(10.26)	9.06	0.00
	教室和楼梯外表面	30	1(3.33)	26	1(3.85)	56	2(3.57)		1.00^*
分类	厕所	129	19(14.73)	103	27(26.21)	232	46(19.83)	4.75	0.03
	生活用品或玩具	98	8(8.16)	19	2(10.53)	117	10(8.55)	0.00	1.00
	教室内外环境	60	8(13.33)	74	2(2.70)	134	10(7.46)	5.42	0.02
注： ^*为Fisher确切概率法。

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