中国6 ~ 17岁儿童主要食物摄入频率分析

曹薇; 任志斌; 许娟; 杨媞媞; 甘倩; 王宏亮; 罗瑞鹤; 潘慧; 赵文华; 杨振宇; 张倩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025119

中国6 ~ 17岁儿童主要食物摄入频率分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025119

曹薇¹,
任志斌^{1, 2},
许娟¹,
杨媞媞¹,
甘倩¹,
王宏亮¹,
罗瑞鹤¹,
潘慧¹,
赵文华¹,
杨振宇¹,
张倩¹

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所/国家卫生健康委员会微量元素与营养重点实验室，北京 100050
2.
北京市顺义区卫生健康委员会

基金项目:

十三五科技基础资源调查专项 2017FY101105

详细信息

作者简介:
曹薇(1988-)，女，安徽省人，硕士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为学生营养与营养流行病学

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R153.2 R155.1
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- 文章访问数: 9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-20
- 修回日期: 2025-02-19
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Analysis of major food consumption frequencies among children aged 6-17 years in China

1.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Health Commission of the PRC, Beijing (100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析中国6~17岁儿童主要食物的摄入频率，为优化中国儿童膳食结构提供依据。方法采用“中国0~18岁儿童营养与健康系统调查与应用”项目数据，2019—2021年，采用分层整群随机抽样方法选择华北、东北、华东、华中、华南、西北和西南7个地区56 734名6~17岁儿童为研究对象。采用食物频率问卷调查一个月内新鲜蔬菜类、新鲜水果类、畜禽肉类、水产类、蛋类、奶类、豆类、谷薯类8类食物的摄入频率，按各类食物是否达到《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》中推荐的摄入频率标准进行分组。采用χ²检验比较不同地区、年龄组儿童各类食物摄入频率达标率的差异。结果中国6~17岁儿童摄入新鲜蔬菜、谷薯类≥3次/d的报告率分别为12.1%，67.2%，摄入新鲜水果、畜禽肉、蛋、奶类≥1次/d的报告率分别为50.8%，58.8%，36.0%，54.3%，摄入豆类≥4次/周的报告率为37.4%，摄入水产类≥2次/周的报告率为39.7%。华南地区新鲜蔬菜(5.5%)、新鲜水果(33.1%)、奶类(36.4%)摄入频率达标率最低，西北地区水产(27.4%)、蛋类(21.1%)摄入频率达标率最低(P值均 < 0.008 3)。结论中国儿童总体新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、豆类、奶类等食物摄入频率不足，各地区儿童各食物摄入频率存在差异。
- 膳食 /
- 摄食行为 /
- 儿童 /
- 问卷调查
Abstract: Objective To analyze the consumption frequency of major foods among Chinese children aged 6-17 years old, and to provide a basis for optimizing the dietary structure of children in China. Methods Using data from the China Nutrition and Health System Survey and Application Program for Children 0-18 years old, 56 734 children aged 6-17 years old from North, Norththeast East, Central, South, Southwest and Northwest seven regions in China were selected for the study using stratified cluster random sampling from 2019 to 2021. A food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the intake frequency of eight food groups in a month, including fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, livestock and poultry meats, aquatic products, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and cereals and potatoes. The foods were grouped according to whether they met the recommended intake criteria outlined in the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents 2022. The χ² test was used to compare the differences in the proportion of children's intake frequency of each food group meeting the standard in different regions and age groups. Results The proportions of Chinese children aged 6-17 years who consumed fresh vegetables and cereals and potatoes ≥3 times/d were 12.1% and 67.2%, respectively. The proportions of children who consumed fresh fruits, livestock and poultry meats, eggs and dairy products ≥1 time/d were 50.8%, 58.8%, 36.0% and 54.3%, respectively. The proportion of legumes consumed ≥4 times/week was 37.4%, and the proportion of aquatic products consumed ≥2 times/week was 39.7%. Fresh vegetables (5.5%), fresh fruits (33.1%), and dairy products (36.4%) had the lowest frequency of meeting the recommended standards in South China, and aquatic products (27.4%) and eggs (21.1%) had the lowest frequency of meeting the recommended standards in Northwest (P < 0.008 3). Conclusion The overall intake frequency of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, legumes, and dairy products are insufficient among Chinese children, with significant regional variations.
- Diet /
- Feeding behavior /
- Child /
- Questionnaires
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 中国不同地区6~17岁儿童食物摄入频率比较

Table 1. Comparison of food intake frequency among children aged 6 to 17 years of different regions of China

地区	人数	新鲜蔬菜(≥3次/d)	新鲜水果(≥1次/d)	畜禽肉类(≥1次/d)	水产类(≥2次/周)	蛋类(≥1次/d)	奶类(≥1次/d)	豆类(≥4次/周)	谷薯类(≥3次/d)
东北	8 806	1 968(22.3)^b	6 624(75.2)^b	5 501(62.5)^ab	3 618(41.1)^ab	3 393(38.5)^ab	5 284(60.0)^ab	2 891(32.8)^a	6 430(73.0)^b
华北	9 179	1 392(15.2)^ab	5 783(63.0)^ab	4 668(50.9)^ab	2 850(31.0)^ab	4 564(49.7)^b	5 952(64.8)^b	4 339(47.3)^b	6 578(71.7)^ab
华东	8 977	1 168(13.0)^ab	4 894(54.5)^ab	5 718(63.7)^ab	5 021(55.9)^ab	3 938(43.9)^ab	5 727(63.8)^b	3 137(34.9)^ab	6 694(74.6)^b
华中	7 365	552(7.5)^ab	3 228(43.8)^ab	4 001(54.3)^ab	2 226(30.2)^ab	3 119(42.3)^ab	3 569(48.5)^ab	2 319(31.5)^a	4 168(56.6)^a
华南	6 959	381(5.5)^a	2 302(33.1)^a	4 536(65.2)^b	4 471(64.2)^b	1 618(23.3)^ab	2 535(36.4)^a	3 210(46.1)^b	4 055(58.3)^a
西北	6 996	841(12.0)^ab	2 734(39.1)^ab	3 344(47.8)^a	1 916(27.4)^a	1 476(21.1)^a	3 175(45.4)^ab	2 337(33.4)^a	4 103(58.6)^a
西南	8 452	569(6.7)^ab	3 228(38.2)^ab	5 611(66.4)^b	2 442(28.9)^a	2 301(27.2)^ab	4 586(54.3)^ab	2 992(35.4)^ab	6 119(72.4)^ab
χ²值		1 619.5	4 637.2	1 105.4	4 164.1	2 593.3	2 074.4	882.1	1 403.6
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：^a各地区与达到标准食用频率报告率最高地区的组间两两比较，P＜0.008 3；^b各地区与达到标准食用频率报告率最低地区的组间两两比较，P＜0.008 3；()内数据为报告率/%。

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表 2 中国七地区不同年龄段儿童食物摄入频率比较

Table 2. Comparison of food intake frequency among children of different ages in the seven regions of China

地区	年龄/岁	人数	统计值	新鲜蔬菜(≥3次/d)	新鲜水果(≥1次/d)	畜禽肉类(≥1次/d)	水产类(≥2次/周)	蛋类(≥1次/d)	奶类(≥1次/d)	豆类(≥4次/周)	谷薯类(≥3次/d)
东北	6~8	2 196		523(23.8)	1 711(77.9)	1 346(61.3)	825(37.6)	761(34.7)	1 452(66.1)	585(26.6)	1 656(75.4)
	9~11	2 301		513(22.3)	1 740(75.6)	1 441(62.6)	1 015(44.1)	939(40.8)	1 503(65.3)	904(39.3)	1 828(79.4)
	12~14	2 196		550(25.0)	1 547(70.4)	1 334(60.7)	975(44.4)	842(38.3)	1 322(60.2)	735(33.5)	1 595(72.6)
	15~17	2 113		382(18.1)	1 626(77.0)	1 380(65.3)	803(38.0)	851(40.3)	1 007(47.7)	667(31.6)	1 351(63.9)
			χ²值	34.1	39.0	11.4	38.2	21.7	195.6	83.6	143.2
			P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
华北	6~8	2 285		165(7.2)	1 424(62.3)	986(43.2)	752(32.9)	1 196(52.3)	1 431(62.6)	1 020(44.6)	1 582(69.2)
	9~11	2 273		288(12.7)	1 377(60.6)	1 088(47.9)	718(31.6)	1 130(49.7)	1 481(65.2)	1 151(50.6)	1 584(69.7)
	12~14	2 282		511(22.4)	1 487(65.2)	1 183(51.8)	715(31.3)	1 137(49.8)	1 507(66.0)	1 026(45.0)	1 691(74.1)
	15~17	2 339		428(18.3)	1 495(63.9)	1 411(60.3)	665(28.4)	1 101(47.1)	1 533(65.5)	1 142(48.8)	1 721(73.6)
			χ²值	233.6	11.6	147.2	11.6	12.9	7.0	23.8	21.9
			P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
华东	6~8	2 209		180(8.1)	1 388(62.8)	1 363(61.7)	1 484(67.2)	1 075(48.7)	1 481(67.0)	700(31.7)	1 552(70.3)
	9~11	2 426		363(15.0)	1 524(62.8)	1 447(59.6)	1 401(57.7)	1 152(47.5)	1 657(68.3)	808(33.3)	1 775(73.2)
	12~14	2 094		375(17.9)	1 105(52.8)	1 446(69.1)	1 103(52.7)	863(41.2)	1 404(67.0)	872(41.6)	1 762(84.1)
	15~17	2 248		250(11.1)	877(39.0)	1 462(65.0)	1 033(46.0)	848(37.7)	1 185(52.7)	757(33.7)	1 605(71.4)
			χ²值	105.8	349.6	48.8	216.5	74.0	160.5	56.1	137.4
			P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
华中	6~8	1 428		66(4.6)	815(57.1)	840(58.8)	514(36.0)	688(48.2)	753(52.7)	395(27.7)	665(46.6)
	9~11	1 952		55(2.8)	1 000(51.2)	1 067(54.7)	717(36.7)	876(44.9)	1 017(52.1)	604(30.9)	977(50.1)
	12~14	1 939		195(10.1)	799(41.2)	1 015(52.3)	521(26.9)	781(40.3)	904(46.6)	576(29.7)	1 230(63.4)
	15~17	2 046		236(11.5)	614(30.0)	1 079(52.7)	474(23.2)	774(37.8)	895(43.7)	744(36.4)	1 296(63.3)
			χ²值	145.1	309.3	16.9	120.4	45.5	41.6	35.4	167.3
			P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
华南	6~8	1 710		51(3.0)	616(36.0)	1 118(65.4)	999(58.4)	307(18.0)	600(35.1)	482(28.2)	912(53.3)
	9~11	1 985		139(7.0)	560(28.2)	1 255(63.2)	1 292(65.1)	554(27.9)	737(37.1)	840(42.3)	969(48.8)
	12~14	2 163		134(6.2)	562(26.0)	1 323(61.2)	1 536(71.0)	503(23.3)	765(35.4)	1 265(58.5)	1 407(65.0)
	15~17	1 101		57(5.2)	564(51.2)	840(76.3)	644(58.5)	254(23.1)	433(39.3)	623(56.6)	767(69.7)
			χ²值	31.8	240.9	78.7	84.9	51.1	6.8	414.4	189.8
			P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.08	<0.01	<0.01
西北	6~8	1 927		117(6.1)	806(41.8)	917(47.6)	532(27.6)	473(24.5)	1 056(54.8)	619(32.1)	937(48.6)
	9~11	1 806		184(10.2)	815(45.1)	788(43.6)	575(31.8)	485(26.9)	969(53.7)	662(36.7)	1 061(58.7)
	12~14	1 642		248(15.1)	530(32.3)	817(49.8)	415(25.3)	280(17.1)	570(34.7)	456(27.8)	1 010(61.5)
	15~17	1 621		292(18.0)	583(36.0)	822(50.7)	394(24.3)	238(14.7)	580(35.8)	600(37.0)	1 095(67.6)
			χ²值	140.0	72.4	20.6	29.5	105.9	254.5	42.9	138.4
			P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
西南	6~8	2 065		77(3.7)	860(41.6)	1 295(62.7)	645(31.2)	584(28.3)	1 195(57.9)	600(29.1)	1 385(67.1)
	9~11	2 040		117(5.7)	832(40.8)	1 295(63.5)	571(28.0)	601(29.5)	1 196(58.6)	669(32.8)	1 558(76.4)
	12~14	2 064		176(8.5)	768(37.2)	1 422(68.9)	665(32.2)	604(29.3)	1 071(51.9)	758(36.7)	1 426(69.1)
	15~17	2 283		199(8.7)	768(33.6)	1 599(70.0)	561(24.6)	512(22.4)	1 124(49.2)	965(42.3)	1 750(76.7)
			χ²值	57.8	37.1	39.7	38.2	37.2	54.4	91.1	77.5
			P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
合计	6~8	13 820		1 179(8.5)	7 620(55.1)	7 865(56.9)	5 751(41.6)	5 084(36.8)	7 968(57.7)	4 401(31.8)	8 689(62.9)
	9~11	14 783		1 659(11.2)	7 848(53.1)	8 381(56.7)	6 289(42.5)	5 737(38.8)	8 560(57.9)	5 638(38.1)	9 752(66.0)
	12~14	14 380		2 189(15.2)	6 798(47.3)	8 540(59.4)	5 930(41.2)	5 010(34.8)	7 543(52.5)	5 688(39.6)	10 121(70.4)
	15~17	13 751		1 844(13.4)	6 527(47.5)	8 593(62.5)	4 574(33.3)	4 578(33.3)	6 757(49.1)	5 498(40.0)	9 585(69.7)
			χ²值	330.0	267.6	126.8	323.1	106.5	307.5	253.4	232.9
			P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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