不同坐姿下学龄儿童肌肉疲劳评估

罗玲; 呼慧敏; 牛文磊; 郝安娜

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025115

不同坐姿下学龄儿童肌肉疲劳评估

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025115

罗玲^{1, 2},
呼慧敏^{1, 2, ,},
牛文磊^{1, 2},
郝安娜³

1.
中国标准化研究院人类工效实验室，北京 100191
2.
国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(人因与工效学)
3.
郑州大学机械与动力工程学院

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2023YFF0615902

国家市场监管总局科技计划项目 2023MK192

中央基本科研业务费项目 522024Y-11784, 522023Y-10381

详细信息

通讯作者:
呼慧敏，E-mail: huhm@cnis.ac.cn

利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R337 G479
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- 文章访问数: 10
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- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-04
- 修回日期: 2025-02-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Assessment of muscle fatigue in school-age children under different sitting postures

LUO Ling^{1, 2},
HU Huimin^{1, 2
, ,},
NIU Wenlei^{1, 2},
HAO Anna³

1.
Human Efficiency Laboratory, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing (100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不良坐姿对学龄儿童坐姿疲劳的影响，为学龄儿童健康坐姿提供参考和依据。方法 2024年5月在北京市昌平区招募30名6~12岁儿童参与研究，采用表面肌电信号(sEMG)与心理物理量表主客观相结合的方法评估4种坐姿下(低头坐姿、偏头坐姿、高低肩坐姿和身体前倾坐姿)不同偏移角度的坐姿疲劳度。采用单因素方差检验与LSD事后多重比较分析不同坐姿下各偏移角度间肌电(EMG)数据的差异性。结果不同坐姿下儿童部分肌肉的积分肌电(I_EMG)均值在不同偏移角度间差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)，肌肉疲劳度随着偏移角度的增大而加重。其中，低头坐姿下，左侧和右侧胸锁乳突肌、左侧和右侧头夹肌的I_EMG在不同低头角度间均有统计学意义(F值分别为13.74，13.21，5.43，6.11，P值均＜0.05)；偏头坐姿下，右侧胸锁乳突肌、右侧头夹肌、左侧斜方肌的I_EMG在不同偏头角度间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为5.13，4.73，12.13，P值均＜0.05)；高低肩坐姿下，右侧胸锁乳突肌、左侧和右侧头夹肌、左侧斜方肌的I_EMG在不同高低肩角度间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为12.46，12.56，32.49，5.98，P值均＜0.05)；前倾坐姿下，左侧和右侧胸锁乳突肌、左侧和右侧头夹肌、腰肌左侧和右侧的I_EMG在不同身体前倾角度间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为4.45，9.84，14.49，26.44，8.02，18.34，P值均＜0.01)。从时序分析来看，不同坐姿出现疲劳的时间不同，偏头及身体前倾坐姿容易出现严重疲劳，低头角度过大及偏头坐姿容易出现轻度或中度疲劳。结论不同坐姿下学龄儿童部分相关肌肉I_EMG及主观评价均随着偏移角度增加而增加，偏头及身体前倾坐姿易导致严重疲劳，需关注高低肩、身体躯干前倾及高低肩坐姿。
- 坐姿 /
- 肌疲劳 /
- 方差分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of poor sitting postures on muscle fatigue in school-age children, so as to provide evidence for developing healthy sitting guidelines. Methods In May 2024, 30 children aged 6-12 were recruited from Changping District in Beijing. A combination of surface electromyography (sEMG) and psychophysical scales were used to assess muscle fatigue at varying deviation angles under four sitting postures (forward head tilt, lateral head tilt, uneven shoulder height, and forward trunk inclination). One-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc multiple comparisons were employed to analyze the differences in electromyographic (EMG) data among various deviation angles under different sitting postures. Results The mean integrated electromyography (I_EMG) of representative muscles showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) across deviation angles in all postures, with muscle fatigue worsening as deviation angles increased. Forward head tilt: significant I_EMG differences were observed in the left/right sternocleidomastoid and left/right splenius capitis (F=13.74, 13.21, 5.43, 6.11, P < 0.05). Lateral head tilt: significant differences were found in the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), right splenius capitis, and left trapezius (F=5.13, 4.73, 12.13, P < 0.05). Uneven shoulder height: significant differences occurred in the right SCM, bilateral splenius capitis, and left trapezius (F=12.46, 12.56, 32.49, 5.98, P < 0.05).Forward trunk inclination, significant differences were identified in the left/right SCM, left/right splenius capitis, and left/right lumbar muscles (F=4.45, 9.84, 14.49, 26.44, 8.02, 18.34, P < 0.01). Temporal analysis revealed varying fatigue onset times across postures: severe fatigue occurred earlier in lateral head tilt and forward trunk inclination, while excessive forward head tilt, lateral head tilt, and uneven shoulder postures predominantly induced mild to moderate fatigue. Conclusions Under different sitting postures, both the integrated I_EMG of relevant muscles and subjective evaluations in school-aged children increase with greater postural deviattion. Head tilt and trunk-leaning postures require particular intervention, with emphasis on uneven-shoulder alignment and trunk inclination control.
- Sitting position /
- Muscle fatigue /
- Analysis of variance /
- Child
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 学龄儿童头部变化坐姿下I_EMG趋势

Figure 1. I_EMG trends of schoolchildren during head posture changes in sitting position

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图 2 学龄儿童不同高低肩角度I_EMG趋势

Figure 2. I_EMG trends of schoolchildren under varying scapular elevation angles

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图 3 学龄儿童不同身体前倾角度下I_EMG趋势

Figure 3. I_EMG trends of schoolchildren during trunk forward inclination at different angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同坐姿偏移角度间儿童主观疲劳评价

Table 1. Evaluation of children's subjective fatigue among different sitting posture deviation angles

坐姿类型	偏移角度/(°)	主观评价得分
低头	30	2.8
	40	3.2
	50	3.8
偏头	20	3.3
	30	4.0
	40	2.8
高低肩	10	3.4
	15	3.5
身体前倾	15	3.2
	25	3.4
	35	3.9
	45	4.4
	55	4.5

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表 2 学龄儿童各坐姿类型疲劳程度主客观数据对比

Table 2. Comparative of subjective and objective data for various seated postures of school children in different sitting positors

坐姿类型	偏移角度/°	相比未偏移时I_EMG的倍数			从发生偏移到出现主观疲劳的时间/min
坐姿类型	偏移角度/°	胸锁乳突肌(右侧)	头夹肌(右侧)	斜方肌(右侧)	轻度疲劳	中度疲劳	严重疲劳
低头	30	0.9	2.3		3	＞5	＞5
	40	1.3	2.4		2	5	＞5
	50	1.7	4.4		1	3	＞5
偏头	20	2.2	2.5		1	2	＞5
	30	2.2	2.7		1	2	4
	40	2.6	3.1		1	2	4
高低肩	10		2.7	2.2	1	3	＞5
	15		3.3	2.8	1	3	＞5
身体前倾	15		1.6		2	5	＞5
	25		2.2		2	4	＞5
	35		2.6		1	3	＞5
	45		3.7		1	2	3
	55		6.4		＜1	1	3

下载: 导出CSV

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