中国6~17岁儿童就餐地点与营养状况的关系

付一萌; 甘倩; 杨媞媞; 许娟; 徐培培; 曹薇; 王宏亮; 罗瑞鹤; 潘慧; 王志芳; 孙文鑫; 杨振宇; 赵文华; 张倩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025112

中国6~17岁儿童就餐地点与营养状况的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025112

付一萌¹,
甘倩¹,
杨媞媞¹,
许娟¹,
徐培培¹,
曹薇¹,
王宏亮¹,
罗瑞鹤¹,
潘慧¹,
王志芳¹,
孙文鑫¹,
杨振宇¹,
赵文华¹,
张倩^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所，北京 100050
2.
国家卫生健康委员会微量元素与营养重点实验室

基金项目:

科技部科技基础资源调查专项项目 2017FY101100

详细信息

作者简介:
付一萌(1999-)，女，河北承德人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学生营养

通讯作者:
张倩，E-mail：zhangqian7208@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R153.2 R155.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 9
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-08
- 修回日期: 2024-03-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Association of dining locations with nutritional status among Chinese children aged 6-17 years

1.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing(100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析中国6~17岁儿童就餐地点及其与营养状况的关系，为引导儿童合理膳食提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，于2019—2021年抽取华东、华北、华中、华南、西南、西北和东北地区14个省(自治区、直辖市)28个城市和农村的52 535名6~17岁儿童作为调查对象，通过问卷调查方法收集儿童三餐就餐地点以及人口学基本信息、膳食摄入和身体活动情况等，测量晨起空腹身高、体重。采用无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析就餐地点与儿童营养状况的关系。结果 66.3%的儿童在家、25.8%在学校、7.9%在外(小饭桌、餐饮、摊点等)吃早餐，67.7%的儿童在家、29.0%在学校、3.3%在外吃晚餐，63.6%的儿童在学校、30.8%在家、5.7%在外吃午餐。儿童超重肥胖和营养不足检出率分别为28.6%和9.3%。多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示，调整年龄、地区、父母文化程度、家庭总收入、总能量摄入和中高强度身体活动时间等混杂因素后，与在家吃早餐、晚餐相比，在学校吃早餐或晚餐的男生和女生发生超重肥胖的风险均较低(男：OR值分别为0.70, 0.80，95%CI分别为0.65~0.75，0.74~0.86；女：OR值分别为0.89，0.88，95%CI分别为0.82~0.96，0.81~0.95)，在外吃午餐男生和女生发生超重肥胖的风险较高(OR值分别为1.32，1.43，95%CI分别为1.17~1.48，1.26~1.62)(P值均 < 0.05)。调整混杂因素后，在外吃早餐的男生发生营养不足的风险降低(OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.66~0.97)，在外吃午餐的男生发生营养不足的风险增高(OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.01~1.57)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论儿童就餐地点多样化，在外和在学校就餐儿童的比例较高，且在外就餐的儿童发生营养不良的风险更高，学校供餐可能有利于保持儿童体格健康。
- 饮食习惯 /
- 营养状况 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To analyze the association of eating dining locations and their association with nutritional status among Chinese children aged 6-17 years, so as to provide reference for guiding children's reasonable diet. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select children aged 6 to 17 years from 28 cities and rural areas of 14 provinces in East, North, Central, South, Southwest, Northwest, Northeast of China, and a total of 52 535 children were included in the study from 2019 to 2021. Information including dining locations, demographic characteristics, dietary intakes and physical activity were collected through a questionnaire survey. Fasting body height and weight were measured in the morning. Unordered multiclass Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between dining locations and nutritional status in children. Results Regarding children's dining locations, 66.3% ate breakfast at home, 25.8% ate breakfast at school, 7.9% ate breakfast outside (small dining tables, restaurants, stalls, etc.); 67.7% ate dinner at home, 29.0% ate dinner at school, 3.3% ate dinner outside; and 63.6% ate lunch at school, 30.8% ate lunch at home, 5.7% ate lunch outside. The prevalence rates of overweight/obesity and undernutrition were 28.6% and 9.3%, respectively. The adjusted multiclass Logistic regression analysis (controlling for age, region, parental education, household income, total energy intake, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) demonstrated that, compared to eating at home, school-based breakfast and dinner consumption was associated with significantly lower overweight/obesity risks for both genders (boys: breakfast OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.65-0.75; dinner OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.74-0.86; girls: breakfast OR=0.89, 95%CI=0.82-0.96; dinner OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.81-0.95), whereas eating lunch away from home significantly increased overweight/obesity risks (boys: OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.17-1.48; girls: OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.26-1.62), with all associations being statistically significant (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, boys who ate breakfast away from home showed a significantly reduced risk of undernutrition (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.66-0.97), while those consuming lunch away from home had an increased risk (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.01-1.57) (P < 0.05). Conclusions The choice of dining locations for children is becoming more diverse, and a relatively high proportion of children eat meals outside the home and at school. Eating out have a higher risk of malnutrition for children. School feeding may be beneficial to children's physical health.
- Food habits /
- Nutritional status /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
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表 1 中国不同人口统计学特征6~17岁儿童三餐就餐地点构成比较

Table 1. Comparison of three meal location compostion among Chinese children aged 6-17 years with different demographic characteristics in China

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	统计值	早餐地点			午餐地点			晚餐地点
人口统计学指标	选项	人数	统计值	家	学校	在外	家	学校	在外	家	学校	在外
性别	男	26 234		17 404(66.3)	6 641(25.3)	2 189(8.3)	8 139(31.0)	16 581(63.2)	1 511(5.8)	17 858(68.1)	7 445(28.4)	931(3.6)
	女	26 301		17 405(66.2)	6 934(26.4)	1 962(7.5)	8 024(30.5)	16 818(63.9)	1 459(5.6)	17 714(67.4)	7 778(29.6)	809(3.1)
			Z/χ²值		0.35			-0.80			-1.33
			P值		0.73			0.42			0.19
年龄/岁	6~8	13 740		11 551(84.1)	1 158(8.4)	1 031(7.5)	5 417(39.4)	7 425(54.0)	898(6.5)	12 724(92.6)	706(5.1)	310(2.3)
	9~11	12 794		10 420(81.4)	1 304(10.2)	1 070(8.4)	4 726(36.9)	7 209(56.4)	859(6.7)	11 412(89.2)	976(7.6)	406(3.2)
	12~14	13 009		7 999(61.5)	3 760(28.9)	1 250(9.6)	3 434(26.4)	8 970(69.0)	605(4.7)	7 779(59.8)	4 867(37.4)	363(2.8)
	15~17	12 992		4 839(37.3)	7 353(56.6)	800(6.2)	2 586(19.9)	9 798(75.4)	608(4.7)	3 657(28.2)	8 674(66.8)	661(5.1)
			Z/χ²值		6 681.32			1 034.07			15 354.74
			P值		< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01
地区	城市	25 870		19 125(73.9)	4 494(17.4)	2 251(8.7)	9 082(35.1)	14 245(55.1)	2 543(9.8)	19 643(75.9)	5 084(19.7)	1 143(4.4)
	农村	26 665		15 684(58.8)	9 081(34.1)	1 900(7.1)	7 081(26.6)	19 157(71.8)	427(1.6)	15 929(59.7)	10 139(38.0)	597(2.3)
			Z/χ²值		-31.95			-5.57			-36.39
			P值		< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01
父亲文化	小学及以下	6 182		2 776(44.9)	2 963(47.9)	443(7.2)	1 281(20.7)	4 640(75.1)	261(4.2)	2 841(46.0)	3 155(51.0)	186(3.0)
程度	初中及高中/中职	32 855		21 352(65.0)	8 804(26.8)	2 699(8.2)	10 158(30.9)	20 902(63.6)	1 795(5.5)	21 784(66.3)	10 011(30.5)	1 060(3.2)
	大专及以上	13 498		10 681(79.1)	1 808(13.4)	1 009(7.5)	4 724(35.0)	7 860(58.2)	914(6.8)	10 947(81.1)	2 057(15.2)	494(3.7)
			Z/χ²值		1 877.89			246.93			2 251.12
			P值		< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01
母亲文化	小学及以下	7 742		3 321(42.9)	3 853(49.8)	568(7.3)	1 682(21.7)	5 785(74.7)	275(3.6)	3 443(44.5)	4 080(52.7)	219(2.8)
程度	初中及高中/中职	31 659		20 958(66.2)	8 055(25.4)	2 646(8.4)	9 940(31.4)	19 990(63.2)	1 727(5.5)	21 400(67.6)	9 247(29.2)	1 012(3.2)
	大专及以上	13 134		10 530(80.2)	1 667(12.7)	937(7.1)	4 541(34.6)	7 625(58.1)	968(7.4)	10 729(81.7)	1 896(14.4)	509(3.9)
			Z/χ²值		2 502.66			201.94			2 791.46
			P值		< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01
家庭年总收	< 5	12 761		7 315(57.3)	4 555(35.7)	891(7.0)	3 698(29.0)	8 345(65.4)	719(5.6)	7 433(58.3)	4 969(38.9)	359(2.8)
入/万元	5~ < 10	12 577		8 778(69.8)	2 825(22.5)	974(7.7)	4 273(34.0)	7 536(60.0)	768(6.1)	8 934(71.0)	3 237(25.7)	406(3.2)
	≥10	13 710		10 243(74.7)	2 279(16.6)	1 188(8.7)	4 292(31.3)	8 723(63.6)	695(5.1)	10 520(76.7)	2 697(19.7)	493(3.6)
	未报	13 487		8 473(62.8)	3 916(29.0)	1 098(8.1)	3 900(28.9)	9 476(65.1)	789(5.9)	8 685(64.4)	4 320(32.0)	482(3.6)
			Z/χ²值		805.74			78.71			1 050.99
			P值		< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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