大学生睡眠特征和体力活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状的关联

朱君成; 熊建萍; 汤利军; 肖海彬; 蔡宗森; 宋永晶; 宋建才; 卢金逵

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025104

大学生睡眠特征和体力活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025104

1.
上饶师范学院体育学院，江西 334001
2.
江西财经大学体育学院
3.
上海师范大学体育学院
4.
长江大学教育与体育学院
5.
江西医学高等专科学校马克思主义学院体育教研室

基金项目:

2022年度湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目 2022254

2022年湖北省高等学校省级教学研究项目 2022262

详细信息

作者简介:
朱君成(1997-)，男，江西赣州人，硕士，助教，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康

通讯作者:
卢金逵，E-mail：lujinkui628@126.com

利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 Q428 G806 G444
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-01
- 修回日期: 2025-02-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-25

Association between sleep characteristics, physical activity patterns with depressive and anxiety symptoms in college students

1.
School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao (334001), Jiangxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨大学生睡眠特征、体力活动模式与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系，为促进大学生心理健康提供参考借鉴。方法 2023年9—11月，采用方便抽样方法选取上海、湖北、江西3省(直辖市)9所高校的7 954名18~22岁大学生，采用国际体力活动问卷中文版短卷(IPAQ-SF)、患者健康量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评估大学生的体力活动、抑郁、焦虑症状及睡眠情况。采用Logistic回归分析探讨睡眠特征与体力活动模式与大学生抑郁、焦虑症状及其共存的关系。结果大学生抑郁症状检出率为25.67%，焦虑症状检出率为35.39%，抑郁焦虑症状共存检出率为23.15%。不同性别、年级、户籍、父母亲学历、家庭年总收入、家庭结构以及饮食习惯不同的大学生抑郁焦虑症状及其共存检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=4.41~118.39，P值均 < 0.05)。不同体力活动模式、睡眠时长、睡眠质量和睡眠作息特征大学生抑郁、焦虑症状及其共存的发生差异均有统计学意义(χ²=9.66~627.70，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，熬夜超过零点且睡眠时间 < 7 h的大学生患抑郁、焦虑症状及其共存的风险最高(OR值分别为1.93，1.85和1.88，P值均 < 0.05)。相比于规律性体力活动模式，未充分体力活动模式的大学生患抑郁和焦虑症状的风险均增加(OR值均为1.18，P值均 < 0.05)。进一步分层分析结果表明，熬夜且睡眠 < 7 h、零点前睡且睡眠 < 7 h、零点前睡且睡眠≥7 h但未充分体力活动的大学生患抑郁、焦虑症状及共存风险均增加(P值均 < 0.05)。结论大学生的睡眠特征与体力活动模式均与抑郁和焦虑症状相关。高校应加强睡眠管理与灵活的体力活动干预，帮助学生建立健康生活方式。
- 睡眠 /
- 运动活动 /
- 抑郁 /
- 焦虑 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between sleep characteristics, physical activity patterns, with depressive and anxiety symptoms in college students, so as to provide reference for student mental health promotion. Methods From September to November 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 7 954 college students aged 18-22 years from 9 universities in Shanghai, Hubei, and Jiangxi. Assessments were conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form (IPAQ-SF), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate physical activity, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the impact of sleep characteristics and physical activity patterns on depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity among college students. Results The detection rates for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms were 25.67%, 35.39%, and 23.15%, respectively. Factors such as gender, grade, household registration, parental education level, annual family income, family structure, and dietary habits were all associated with the detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity (χ²=4.41-118.39, P < 0.05). Physical activity patterns, sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep-wake characteristics were also associated with the occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity (χ²=9.66-627.70, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that college students who stayed up late and slept less than 7 had the highest risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity (OR=1.93, 1.85, 1.88, P < 0.05). Compared to regular physical activity patterns, insufficient physical activity patterns were associated with an increased risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms (all OR=1.18, P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis results showed that the risk of depression, anxiety and their comorbidity increased in college students who stayed up late and slept less than 7 h, went to bed before midnight and slept less than 7 h, or went to bed before midnight and slept more than 7 h but did not have sufficient physical activity (P < 0.05). Conclusions Sleep characteristics and physical activity patterns significantly affect depressive and anxiety symptoms in college students. Universities should strengthen sleep management and implement flexible physical activity interventions to help students establish healthy lifestyles.
- Sleep /
- Motor activity /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同组别大学生抑郁焦虑症状及其共存检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity among college students by different groups

组别	选项	人数	抑郁症状		焦虑症状		抑郁焦虑症状共存
组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值
性别	男	3 143	852(27.1)	5.61^*	1 056(33.6)	7.30^**	763(24.3)	3.73
	女	4 811	1 190(24.7)		1 759(36.6)		1 078(22.4)
年级	大一	1 014	216(21.3)	59.45^**	352(34.7)	33.20^**	201(19.8)	50.05^**
	大二	3 249	748(23.0)		1 088(33.5)		678(20.9)
	大三	1 781	472(26.5)		595(33.4)		412(23.1)
	大四	1 910	606(31.7)		780(40.8)		550(28.8)
户籍所在地	城镇	3 400	850(25.0)	1.41	1 159(34.1)	4.41^*	740(21.8)	6.37^*
	农村	4 554	1 192(26.2)		1 656(36.4)		1 101(24.2)
是否为独生子女	是	2 469	762(30.9)	50.54^**	999(40.5)	40.26^**	684(27.7)	41.82^**
	否	5 485	1 280(23.3)		1 816(33.1)		1 157(21.1)
父亲学历	小学及以下	1 173	332(28.3)	7.08	455(38.8)	8.33^*	305(26.0)	14.64^**
	初中	3 129	796(25.4)		1 110(35.5)		734(23.5)
	高中/中专	2 250	581(25.8)		777(34.5)		525(23.3)
	大学及以上	1 402	333(23.8)		473(33.7)		277(19.8)
母亲学历	小学及以下	2 019	577(28.6)	12.67^**	786(38.9)	17.20^**	524(26.0)	16.81^**
	初中	2 894	728(25.2)		1 003(34.7)		672(23.2)
	高中/中专	1 926	469(24.4)		667(34.6)		422(21.9)
	大学及以上	1 115	268(24.0)		359(32.2)		223(20.0)
家庭年总收入	≤5	3 618	1 027(28.4)	28.41^**	1 372(37.9)	23.03^**	949(26.2)	38.04^**
/万元	5.1~10	1 633	402(24.6)		573(35.1)		353(21.6)
	10.1~30	2 133	492(23.1)		695(32.6)		434(20.3)
	≥30.1	570	121(21.2)		175(30.7)		105(18.4)
家庭结构	核心家庭	7 066	1 790(25.3)	5.38	2 474(35.0)	3.96	1 607(22.7)	6.10^*
	重组家庭	287	89(31.0)		110(38.3)		79(27.5)
	其他家庭	601	163(27.1)		231(38.4)		155(25.8)
BMI等级	消瘦	577	147(25.5)	2.56	199(34.5)	0.61	131(22.7)	0.73
	正常	5 653	1 428(25.3)		2 000(35.4)		1 300(23.0)
	超重	950	253(26.6)		345(36.3)		222(23.4)
	肥胖	774	214(27.6)		271(35.0)		188(24.3)
是否经常碳酸饮料	是	2 948	960(32.6)	116.59^**	1 240(42.1)	91.17^**	880(29.9)	118.39^**
消费	否	5 006	1 082(21.6)		1 575(31.5)		961(19.2)
是否经常快餐便当	是	3 767	1 049(27.8)	17.73^**	1 456(38.7)	33.27^**	957(25.4)	20.53^**
消费	否	4 187	993(23.7)		1 359(32.5)		884(21.1)
注：()内数字为检出率；^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01；核心家庭指父母双方均为子女的亲生父母；重组家庭指父母中至少一方是子女的亲生父母，另一方是继父母(因再婚或新伴侣关系加入家庭)；其他家庭结构指不属于上述两类的情况，包括如单亲家庭(仅生父或生母一方抚养)、养父母家庭(双方均非生物学父母)。

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表 2 大学生体力活动和睡眠相关因素与抑郁焦虑症状及其共存的关联

Table 2. Association of physical activity and sleep-related factors with depressive, anxiety, and comorbid symptoms in college students

组别	选项	人数	抑郁症状		焦虑症状		抑郁焦虑症状共存
组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值
体力活动	低水平	2 029	624(30.8)	37.04^**	813(40.1)	27.55^**	564(27.8)	33.13^**
	中水平	2 849	689(24.2)		985(34.6)		615(21.6)
	高水平	3 076	729(23.7)		1 017(33.1)		662(21.5)
近一周中高强度体力	不规律	3 713	1 043(28.1)	21.34^**	1 394(37.5)	14.11^**	938(25.3)	17.55^**
活动习惯	规律	4 241	999(23.6)		1 421(33.5)		903(21.3)
近一周中高强度体力	不达标	5 868	1 558(26.6)	9.04^**	2 162(36.8)	20.66^**	1 401(23.9)	6.70^*
活动达标情况	达标	2 086	484(23.2)		653(31.3)		440(21.1)
体力活动模式	未充分	5 868	1 558(26.6)	10.84^**	2 162(36.8)	20.98^**	1 401(23.9)	9.66^**
	集中性	296	78(26.4)		97(32.8)		74(25.0)
	规律性	1 790	406(22.7)		556(31.1)		366(20.4)
睡眠时长/h	< 6	499	207(41.5)	115.93^**	246(49.3)	131.14^**	185(37.1)	97.57^**
	6~ < 7	1 993	604(30.3)		856(43.0)		544(27.3)
	7~9	5 199	1 172(22.5)		1 635(31.4)		1 058(20.4)
	>9	263	59(22.4)		78(29.7)		54(20.5)
睡眠时长达标情况	不达标	2 707	845(31.2)	66.07^**	1 154(42.6)	94.05^**	761(28.1)	56.91^**
	达标	5 247	1 197(22.8)		1 661(31.7)		1 080(20.6)
睡眠质量	不佳	668	441(66.0)	622.07^**	502(75.1)	504.14^**	416(62.3)	627.70^**
	良好	7 286	1 601(22.0)		2 313(31.7)		1 425(19.6)
睡眠作息特征	熬夜且睡眠时间 < 7 h	1 512	535(35.4)	125.92^**	681(45.0)	141.42^**	481(31.8)	106.51^**
	熬夜且睡眠时间≥7 h	987	289(29.3)		379(38.4)		259(26.2)
	零点前睡且睡眠时间 < 7 h	932	251(26.9)		395(42.4)		226(24.2)
	零点前睡且睡眠时间≥7 h	4 523	967(21.4)		1 360(30.1)		875(19.3)
注：()内数字为检出率；^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01。

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表 3 大学生体力活动和睡眠相关因素与抑郁焦虑症状及其共存的Logistic回归分析(n=7 954)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of physical activity and sleep-related factors on depressive, anxiety, and comorbid symptoms in college students(n=7 954)

自变量	选项	抑郁症状^a		焦虑症状^b		抑郁焦虑症状共存^c
自变量	选项	β值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	OR值(95%CI)
体力活动分组	低水平	0.28	1.32(1.15~1.51)^**	0.20	1.23(1.08~1.39)^**	0.25	1.28(1.11~1.47)^**
	中水平	0.04	1.04(0.92~1.18)	0.05	1.05(0.93~1.17)	0.01	1.01(0.88~1.15)
	高水平		1.00		1.00		1.00
近1周中高强度体力	不规律	0.19	1.20(1.08~1.34)^**	0.11	1.11(1.01~1.23)^*	0.16	1.17(1.04~1.31)^**
活动习惯	规律		1.00		1.00		1.00
近1周中高强度体力	不达标	0.13	1.14(1.00~1.29)^*	0.16	1.17(1.04~1.31)^**	0.09	1.09(0.96~1.24)
活动达标情况	达标		1.00		1.00		1.00
体力活动模式	未充分	0.16	1.18(1.03~1.35)^*	0.17	1.18(1.05~1.34)^**	0.13	1.14(0.99~1.31)
	集中性	0.23	1.25(0.93~1.69)	0.08	1.09(0.83~1.43)	0.28	1.33(0.98~1.80)
	规律性		1.00		1.00		1.00
睡眠时长/h	< 6	0.94	2.56(1.81~3.63)^**	0.85	2.34(1.69~3.23)^**	0.86	2.37(1.65~3.39)^**
	6~ < 7	0.49	1.64(1.20~2.24)^**	0.64	1.89(1.42~2.51)^**	0.45	1.57(1.13~2.17)^**
	7~9	0.06	1.06(0.79~1.44)	0.12	1.13(0.86~1.49)	0.04	1.04(0.76~1.42)
	>9		1.00		1.00		1.00
睡眠时长达标情况	不达标	0.44	1.56(1.40~1.73)^**	0.48	1.61(1.46~1.78)^**	0.43	1.53(1.37~1.71)^**
	达标		1.00		1.00		1.00
睡眠质量	不佳	1.85	6.35(5.34~7.54)^**	1.79	6.00(4.99~7.22)^**	1.83	6.24(5.26~7.40)^**
	良好		1.00		1.00		1.00
睡眠作息特征	熬夜超过零点，睡眠时间 < 7 h	0.66	1.93(1.69~2.20)^**	0.61	1.85(1.63~2.09)^**	0.63	1.88(1.65~2.16)^**
	熬夜超过零点，睡眠时间≥7 h	0.30	1.35(1.15~1.58)^**	0.31	1.36(1.18~1.58)^**	0.30	1.35(1.15~1.60)^**
	零点前睡，睡眠时间 < 7 h	0.38	1.46(1.23~1.72)^**	0.59	1.81(1.56~2.09)^**	0.36	1.43(1.20~1.70)^**
	零点前睡，睡眠时间≥7 h		1.00		1.00		1.00
注：^a调整性别、年级、是否为独生子女、母亲学历、家庭年收入、是否碳酸饮料消费、是否快餐便当消费因素；^b调整性别、年级、户籍所在地、是否为独生子女、父亲学历、母亲学历、家庭年收入、是否碳酸饮料消费、是否快餐便当消费因素；^c调整年级、户籍所在地、是否为独生子女、父亲学历、母亲学历、家庭年收入、家庭结构、是否碳酸饮料消费、是否快餐便当消费因素；^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01。

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表 4 大学生睡眠特征及体力活动模式对抑郁焦虑症状及其共存的分层分析(n=7 954)

Table 4. Stratified analysis of sleep characteristics and physical activity patterns on depressive, anxiety, and comorbid symptoms in college students(n=7 954)

睡眠作息特征	体力活动模式	抑郁症状^a		焦虑症状^b		抑郁焦虑症状共存^c
睡眠作息特征	体力活动模式	β值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	OR值(95%CI)
熬夜且睡眠时间 < 7 h	未充分	0.34	1.41(1.06~1.88)^*	0.23	1.26(0.96~1.65)	0.31	1.36(1.02~1.82)^*
	集中性	0.34	1.40(0.70~2.79)	0.37	1.45(0.75~2.80)	0.51	1.66(0.83~3.34)
	规律性		1.00		1.00		1.00
熬夜且睡眠时间≥7 h	未充分	-0.04	0.96(0.66~1.38)	-0.01	0.99(0.71~1.40)	-0.00	1.00(0.69~1.44)
	集中性	-0.69	0.50(0.16~1.56)	-0.37	0.69(0.27~1.77)	-0.52	0.59(0.19~1.86)
	规律性		1.00		1.00		1.00
零点前睡且睡眠时间 < 7 h	未充分	0.47	1.60(1.10~2.34)^*	0.32	1.38(1.00~1.91)	0.51	1.66(1.12~2.47)^*
	集中性	0.74	2.09(0.86~5.10)	0.05	1.05(0.47~2.47)	0.69	1.99(0.79~5.02)
	规律性		1.00		1.00		1.00
零点前睡且睡眠时间≥7 h	未充分	0.11	1.12(0.93~1.34)	0.18	1.20(1.02~1.41)^*	0.06	1.06(0.88~1.27)
	集中性	0.20	1.22(0.85~1.75)	0.09	1.09(0.78~1.53)	0.22	1.25(0.86~1.80)
	规律性		1.00		1.00		1.00
注：^a调整性别、年级、是否为独生子女、家庭年收入、母亲学历、是否碳酸饮料消费、是否快餐便当消费因素；^b调整性别、年级、户籍所在地、是否为独生子女、父亲学历、母亲学历、家庭年收入、是否碳酸饮料消费是否快餐便当消费因素；^c调整年级、户籍所在地、是否为独生子女、父亲学历、母亲学历、家庭年收入、家庭结构、是否碳酸饮料消费、是否快餐便当消费因素；^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01。

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